THE EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION ON PHYTIN TOTAL PHOSPHOR CONTENT OF SUNFLOWER HULLS Sasangka,
B.H.,* and
PHOSPHOR
AND
P.C.H. Simon**
ABSTRACT THK UFKCT
OF GAMMA IRRADIATION
OF SUNFLOWF.R HULLS. phosphor
and
irradiated
that
irradiation
se phosphor
An experiment. was
total phosphor
were
at dose until
total
ON PHYTIN
10 kGy,
could
AND TOTAL PHOSPHOR
conduct.ed to evaluate
in the irradiated
0; 2; 4; 6;
PHOSPIIOR
8; and
of sunflower 10 kGy
not decrease
the
content
hulls.
of phytin
The sunflower
respectively.
the phytin
CONTKNT
Results
phosphor
hull
indicated
and or increa-
content.
ABSTRAK PENGARUH KULIT
BIJI
perubahan akibat
I RRADIAS I
kandungan
radiasi.
10 KGy,
biji
fitin bunga
menunjukan
fitin
fosfor
KANDUNGAN FOSFOR
Suatu
fosfor
Kulit
hasilnya
kandungan
GAMMA PADA
BUNGA IfATAHARI.
atau
penelitian dan
total
matahari
bahwa
sampai
kenaikkan
FITIN
telah
fosfor
diradiasi dengan
di dengan
dosis
DAN FOSFOR
dilakukan dalam
kulit
dosis
TOTAL
untuk
DAUlt
mengetahui
biji
matahari
0; 2; 4; 6; 8; dan
10 KGy tidak
terjadi
penurunan
tot.al fosfor.
INTRODUCTION Animal
feed stuff orginated
acid content,
especialy
(phytatel
cou]d
*) Centre •• ) COVP
tract
of
which
caused
the animal.
not be absorbed
for Applicat.ion of Isotopes
- Het Spelderholt,
is usualy
in the grain. This substance
Ca, Mg, Zn, and P affinity, in the digestive
from plant
Beekbergen,
difficulties
Mineral
directly
salt
through
and Radiation,
high in phytic is very high in in absorbtion of phytic
acid
the gut and needs
BATAN
Nederland
509
to be hydrolyzed
first.
action of the phytase testine and microbes. Sunflower This
however
is still
the
phosphor
by-product
used
as
by several
soaking
vious worked
for
its
as
a phytate Several
instance
the
in warm
acid
by
the
are plant,
in-
oil
ingredient
industry.
of
rations,
compound
reports diets
water
content.
which
is
indicated can be
addition
of
that
increased
vitamin
(1, 2, 3, 4
et al (6) demostrated
phytic
occurs
Although, "rich in phosphorus,
in compiete
feed stuff
by GUNAWAN
decreased
phytate
sunflower
feed
animals.
of phosphorus
treatments,
and
a
of
animal.
is binded
to nonruminant
the availability
bran
is a
of
The source of this enzym
for the monogastric
unavailable
phytase
enzym.
hulls
material
especially
Hydrolyzation
D, or ). Pre-
that irradiated The
experiment was to evaluate the phytin phosphor content (P) on the irradiated sunflower hulls.
purpose
of
rice this
and total phosphor
MATERIALS AND METHODS Six hundreds grams of sunflower hulls were divided into 6 bags. The samples were irradiated by gamma rays from a cobalt-60 source at dose 0; 2; 4;6; 8; and 10 KGy and than analyzed and total phosphor content.
Analysis were
of Phytin Phosphor.
extracted
ferric
with
phytate.
15
The
101
were
From 0,5 grams
0,7 N HCL;
precipi tate
sulfuric and nitric acid. This cribed by OSHIMA et al (7).
of Total Phosphor.
analyzed
direct
was
The
colorimetric
(8). The data were subjected STEEL and TORIE (9).
the phytate d iges ted
procedures
Analysis
for phytin
is
total
to analyzed
irradiated in
based
the
samples
is precipitated
phosphor
following
phosphor
cone en tra ted upon
that des-
in the
procedure
of variance
as
samples of
AOAC
as described
by
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Results used
510
of
proximate
in this experiment
analysis
are given
of
sunflower
as below
:
hulls
which
were
Table
1. Proximate
I
No.
1. 3.
4.
5. 6.
that
total
in the sunflower researchers. The areas where case
of
plant,
increase however,
animals, difficult
phosphor
of
this
were given
phosphor
and total P could
that
Although mean that
the
that
mineral
phosphor
content
reported ~y other may be due to the
P content
of phytate
hulls
up
and
is likely to
suffi-
non
. This
ruminat
phytate
is
hulls on the phytin
pos-
to 10 kGy, that the
could
not
irradiation
to be P. If the iradiation
than
the content
posibilities
not be decreased concentration
the
salt
It means
some
transi tion
Secondly,
low
2.
P binding,
the
little
is
In
tract.
of sunflower
are
phosphor
is unavaible
content.
There
Fi rstly, the
be detected. down
down
increased.
irradiation.
break
phytin
to split up the phytin phosphor
be
not
or phytin
is maturing.
in Table
phosphor
to break
so
I
of
of sunflower
the phytin
is able
high,
1. 50 0.47 0.87
in the digestive
should of
8.70
shows
of the formation
irradiation
is unable
21 90
content
analysis
to absorb
phor and total P The
%
(P
when the plant
most
because
the
The effect of irradiation
decrease
s
hulls is higher than that differences in concentration
The proximate cient,
hulls
the plant grown, or the stage of plant was harvested.
young
gradualy
tern
of sunflower
Protein Dry matter Ash Phosphor Calsium Phytin Phosphor
2.
It shows
analysis
during
irradiation
as a of
of
why
total
the
P
phytin
consequence phytin
analysis dose
phosphor process
is not
was could
enough
to
the P binding. the phytin
irradiation
phosphor
is not decreasead
is not usefull
for improvement
yet, it does not of feed
stuff.
511
Table
2.
Concentration of phytin phosphor the irradiated sunflower hulls
and total
P
in
---------------------------------------------------------dose of irra diation, kGy
Phytin (
0,84 0,89 0,84
8
0,86 0,90
experiment
phosphor.
on the During
loose
prediction er dose
be
and
than This
to
were
be
information and
used
to
irradiaphosphor,
observatito
break
if this or
in
vitro
experiIf
the sample or
or
material
in vivo
phosphor.
to irradiate
the absorption
about total
So
in vitro
by
decrease
possible
phytin
folowed
to
or in-vitro
it was
phosphor.
is expected
in order to improve
)
possible
phosphor
hydrolysed
it should
is
by in-vivo
in phytin
method
more
process,
hulls)
able
it
of phytin
is true, it is sugested
experiment. content
of P
sunflower
should
that
to obtain
irradiation
%
1,50 1,51 1,49 1,49 1,51 1,52
should be followed
the
(irradiated
proven
In order
the binding
ment,
has
availabi Iity
the experiment ons.
phosphor (
0,87
Previous phytin
Total
)
o 2 4 6
10
tion
Phosphor
%
this
at highin
vivo
reduce
phytin
ability
of feed stuff.
phosphor
ACKNOWLEDGMENT This
study
of Education caried Japing,
is a part of
Netherlands
out in Spelderholt.
with
fellowship Indonesia
The authors
Mr. M. Ivang, Gammaster
supported
the author
to study
program
under
Goverment are grateful
in Ede and
Mrs.
the Ministry
( BATAN
) and was
to Mrs.H.M.Zweer C. Hendratno,
who
in Nederland.
REFERENCES 1. SIMON, P.C.M., TERPSTRA, Fosfor en Total Fosfor holt, Nederland, (1981)
512
K., TEUNIS, G.P., ZWEER, J.H.M Fitin in Veevoedergronstoffen., Bet Spelder-
2. MAYNARD, L.A., LOOS1.I, J.K., HINTZ, H.F., Nutrition, 7ed., Mc.Graw Hill, New York,
WARNER, R.G., (1979)
Animal
3. TAKEMASA, M., and HIJIKURO, S., Effect of watersoaking domestic barley on the phosphorus util~zation for Japan Poultry Seie., 20 (1983) 346.
of the chicks.
4.
TAKEMASA, M., and HIJIKURO, S., Effect utilization of phosphorus for chicks, (1983) 330.
on Scie.
5.
SUMMERS, J.D., PEPPEN, W.F., effect of steam pelleting wheat bran, Poultry Scie.,
6.
pelleting Poultry
BAYLEY, H.S., and STINGER, S.J., on the utilization of phosphorus 47 (1968 1397.
i
the 20
The in
GUNAWAN., KOMPIANG, S., TANGENJAYA, B., dan HILYATl, "Pengaruh radiasi terhadap kadar asam fitat dedak", Aplikasi Isotop dan Radiasi (Ris. Simp. III, BATAN, Jakarta (1986).
7. OSHIMA, M., TAYLOR, T.G., and concentration of phytic acid Biochem. J., 92 (1964) 42. 8.
of Japan
WILLIAMS, A., Variation in the blood of domestic
AOAC., Official Methods of Analytical Chemists., Virginia, (1984 9. STEEL, R.G.D., TORRIE, J.H~, Principles and Procedures tic, Me. Graw Hill Book Co., New York, I~1980).
i.
in the fowl.,
Arlington, on Statis-
513
DSISKUSI
MUNSIAH
M1\IIA
Penelitian
Anda
for
dalam
fitin
dosis
yang
dengan
sebenarnya
lihatkan
sudah
alasannya
relatif
tidak langsung
dikombinasi
Karena
pengar'uh iradiasi
kuli t bij i bunga
digunakan
fitin. Mengapa atau
tentang
terlihat
sehingga
rendah
untuk
dicoba
hasil
agar
fosfor
dosis
ada
ini
hasil
karena
sejumlah
fosfor
baru
terdahulu
fitin
fos-
yang lebih tinggi
hasil
ini hanya dibatasi
kehidnpan
ada
memecah
dengan
penel itian
bahwa
penelitian
pada
mata.hari belum
carll.lain
dari
gamma
dilaporkan.
yang
Anda
per-
tahan
radiasi.
sampai
dosis
Apa
10 kGy
saj a ? BINTORO Kami
ingin
rendah itu
menggunakan
kadar
adalah
asam
closis yang
filat sudah
apabila
fosfor juga turun
asam
filat
menggunakan
nutrisi
yang ada di dalam
Mohon kan
sampai
dapat
dosis
bahan
keell,
turun.
karena
Anggapan
turun
(fitin fosfor adalah
an saya
B.
paling
mulai
ada
padE!.dosis
saya
pada waktu
kemungkinan
garam dari as am fitat).
10 kGy
pakan
adalah
tersebut
untuk
mencegah
fitin Alasagar
tetap baik.
HARYANTO
penjelasan
apakah ada kemungkinan
ikatan phospor
permudah
pelepasan
dengan unsur
asam
iradiasi
fitat akan melemah-
(gugus benzen)nya
P yang ada
sehingga
akan mem-
? Kalau bisa bagaimana
mekanis-
?
menya
BINTORO Ada kemungkinan
MARIA Dosis selain bahan
ikatannya.
LINA
iradiasi
di atas
10 kGy
kurang
ekonomis
juga
kemungkinan
yang
terkandung
lain
yang
pa~an ternak.
514
itu terjacli pelemahan
berguna
Bagaimana
untuk
pendapat
Anda
mengurangi
?
akan dalam
kadar
fosfor
mempengaruhi bunga
matahari
fitin bahanuntuk
BINTORO Secara jang
ekonomi
mungkin
memang hal
seperti
tetap
baik
sampai
dosis
yang
tertinggi
karena
belum
ini digunakan.
dengan
dosis
akan
itu perlu dicari
kan fosfor
menguntungkan,
dosis
Protein,
10 kGy,
terjadi
tetapi
memang
perubahan
yang paling
fitin maupun menjaga
kestabilan
dalam
karbohidrat materi
baik
pada
saja
untuk
panmasih
ada kemungkinan
nilai
tepat
jangka
olah
menu run-
mutasinya.
RAKA Apakah
pengaruh
matahari,
iradiasi
bagaimana
terhadap
mekanisme
zat-zat
kerjanya
dalam
kul it
bij i
bunga
?
BINTORD Sampai kulit
dengan biji
dosis
bunga
ada kemungkinan
10 kGy belum
matahari, nutrisinya
akan
terjadi
tetapi
perubahan
apabila
dosis
mutasi
di dalam
terlalu
tinggi
berubah.
515
