THESIS
SHIFTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN HARRY POTTER AND HALF BLOOD PRINCE INTO HARRY POTTER DAN PANGERAN BERDARAH CAMPURAN
I NENGAH SURYAWAN
POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2016
THESIS
SHIFTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN HARRY POTTER AND HALF BLOOD PRINCE INTO HARRY POTTER DAN PANGERAN BERDARAH CAMPURAN
I NENGAH SURYAWAN NIM 1390161024
MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTIC PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2016 i
SHIFTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN HARRY POTTER AND HALF BLOOD PRINCE INTO HARRY POTTER DAN PANGERAN BERDARAH CAMPURAN
Thesis for obtaining a Master Degree In the Master Program, Linguistic Program in Translation Studies Postgraduate Program, Udayana University
I NENGAH SURYAWAN NIM 1390161024
MASTER PROGRAM LINGUISTIC PROGRAM IN TRANSLATION STUDIES POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM UDAYANA UNIVERSITY DENPASAR 2016 ii
This Thesis Has Been Examined By the Board of Examiner on February 17th, 2016
The Board Examiners According to the Decree of Rector of Udayana University Number: 996/UN14.4/HK/2016, Date: February 17th, 2016
The Board of Examiners: Chairman
: Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A.
Members
: 1. 2. 3. 4.
Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum. Dr. Ni Luh Ketut Mas Indrawati, TEFL, M.A. Dr. Frans I Made Brata, M.Hum. Dr. Ni Wayan Sukarini, M.Hum.
iv
PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT
Saya yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini: Nama
: I Nengah Suryawan
NIM
: 1390161024
Program Studi
: Magister (S2) Linguistik
Judul Tesis
: Shifts in The Translation of Locative Prepositional Phrases in Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince into Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran
Dengan ini menyatakan bahwa Karya Ilmiah Tesis ini bebas plagiat. Apabila pada kemudian hari terbukti terdapat plagiat dalam karya ilmiah ini, maka saya bersedia menerima sanksi sesuai Peraturan Menteri Pendidikan Nasional Republik Indonesia No. 17 Tahun 2010 dan peraturan perundang-undangan yang berlaku.
Denpasar, 17 Pebruari 2016
I Nengah Suryawan
v
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Firstly, I would like to thank God, Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, for the blessing so I can finish this thesis. This thesis cannot be finished without supports from many parties. In this occasion I would like to thank the Rector of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. Ketut Suastika, Sp.PD-KEM for the opportunity given to me to participate and finish the study in Post Graduate Program of Udayana University. I would like to thank the Director of Post Graduate Program of Udayana University, Prof. Dr. dr. A.A. Raka Sudewi, Sp.S (K), for the facilities given in supporting my study. I also would like to thank the Head of Master Program in Linguistic Department, Prof. Dr. Drs. Ida Bagus Putra Yadnya, M.A. doubling as my first supervisor for giving motivation and encouragement during my study. My sincere gratitude goes to Dr. Ida Ayu Made Puspani, M.Hum., as my second supervisor doubling as my academic supervisor who always guides, supports and gives motivation during my study and at the time of composing the thesis and to the Lecturers of Translation Studies of Post Graduate Program Udayana University for giving knowledge about translation and linguistics. I would like to thank the administration staff of Linguistics Post Graduate Program, namely I Ketut Ebuh, S.Sos, I Nyoman Sadra, S.S., Nyoman Adi Triani, S.E., I Gusti Ayu Supadmini for all of the assistances and services during my study. I would like to thank the library staff of Post Graduate Program, namely Dra. Ni Nyoman Sumerti, and Ni Nyoman Sukartini for the assistances and services during my study, my family, who always support and encourage me as vi
soon as possible to finish my study in Post Graduate Program of Udayana University and all of my friends in Translation Studies Post Graduate Program Udayana University for their kindness and cooperation during my study. All of the advantages and disadvantages of this thesis become my responsibility. Therefore, it is expected that there will be advices as well as criticisms from the readers to enhance this thesis. Hopefully, this thesis can be useful for the readers especially for the translators, students and anyone who are interested in translation. Wish God, Ida Sang Hyang Widhi Wasa, blesses all of us.
Denpasar, February 17th, 2016
I Nengah Suryawan
vii
ABSTRAK
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis pergeseran penerjemahan yang terjadi dan akibat yang ditimbulkannya dalam penerjemahan frasa berkata depan tempat dalam bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Data penelitian diambil dari novel Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince dan terjemahannya Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai penerjemahan frasa berkata depan tempat. Dalam pengumpulan data, penelitian ini menggunakan teknik note taking. Data dianalisis dengan membandingkan bahasa sumber dan bahasa target untuk menemukan dan menganalisis jenis pergeseran dan dampak pergeseran dalam penerjemahan. Dalam penelitian ini hanya frasa berkata depan tempat dengan kata depan around, over, through dan towards yang dianalisis. Teori-teori utama yang digunakan untuk menganalisis data adalah teori penerjemahan oleh Larson (1998), pergeseran dalam penerjemahan oleh Catford (1965) dan pengurangan dan penambahan informasi oleh Nida (1975). Teori-teori pendukung adalah teori struktur sintaksis kalimat oleh Radford (1988), frasa preposisional bahasa Inggris oleh Quirk dan kawan-kawan (1980) dan frasa preposisional Bahasa Indonesia oleh Alwi dan kawan-kawan (1998). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis pergeseran yang terjadi dalam penerjemahan adalah level shift, intra system shift, unit shift, structure shift dan class shift. Akibat pergeseran dalam penerjemahan berupa pengurangan dan penambahan informasi.
Kata kunci: pergeseran penerjemahan, penerjemahan, frasa berkata depan tempat, penambahan dan pengurangan informasi.
viii
ABSTRACT
The aims of the writing were to identify types of translation shifts applied and the impacts of translation shifts occurred in the translation of English locative prepositional phrases into Indonesian. The data for the study were taken from a novel Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince and its translation Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran. The data were qualitatively analyzed in order to have a description of the translation of the English locative prepositional phrases. The technique of note taking was applied in collecting the data. The data were analyzed by comparing source to target language in order to find and analyze type of shifts applied together with their impacts to the translation. It was only the locative prepositional phrases with prepositions around, over, through and towards were analyzed. The main theories applied in the analyses were translation theory proposed by Larson (1998), translation shift proposed by Catford (1965) and loss and gain of information by Nida (1975). The supporting theories were sentence syntactic structure by Radford (1988), English Prepositional Phrase by Quirk, et.al (1980) and Indonesian Prepositional Phrase by Alwi, et.al (1998). It was found in the study that types of shifts applied in the translation were level shift, class shift, structure shift, intra system shift and unit shift. The impacts of translation shifts applied in the translation were loss and gain of information.
Key words: translation shift, translation, locative prepositional phrase, loss and gain of information.
ix
TABLE OF CONTENTS Page INSIDE COVER ................................................................................................ i TITLE PREREQUISITE .................................................................................. ii APPROVAL SHEET ......................................................................................... iii THE BOARD OF EXAMINERS ...................................................................... iv SURAT PERNYATAAN BEBAS PLAGIAT ..................................................... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................ viii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ ix TABLE OF CONTENTS ................................................................................... x ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... xii CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION.................................................................... 1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................... 1 1.2 Problems of the Study .................................................................................... 5 1.3 Aims of the Study .......................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 General Aims ............................................................................................... 5 1.3.2 Specific Aims .............................................................................................. 6 1.4 Significance of the Study ............................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Academic Significance ................................................................................ 6 1.4.2 Practical Significance ................................................................................. 7 1.5 Scope of the Study ......................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW, CONCEPTS, THEORETICAL FRAMEWORKS AND RESEARCH MODEL ................................................ 8 2.1 Literature Review ........................................................................................... 8 2.2 Concepts ......................................................................................................... 16 2.2.1 Translation ................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Translation Equivalence .............................................................................. 17 2.2.3 Preposition ................................................................................................... 18 2.2.4 Locative Prepositional Phrase...................................................................... 19 2.3 Theoretical Frameworks ................................................................................ 20 2.3.1 Theory of Translation .................................................................................. 22 2.3.2 Prepositional Phrase..................................................................................... 26 2.3.2.1 English Prepositional Phrase .................................................................... 26 2.3.2.2 Indonesian Prepositional Phrase................................................................ 28 2.3.3 Translation Shifts ......................................................................................... 31 2.3.3.1 Level Shift ................................................................................................ 31 2.3.3.2 Category Shift ........................................................................................... 31 2.3.4 Loss and Gain of Information ...................................................................... 33 2.3.5 Sentence Syntactic Structure ....................................................................... 36 2.4 Research Model ............................................................................................ 39
x
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODS ......................................................... 41 3.1 Research Approach ........................................................................................ 41 3.2 Data Sources .................................................................................................. 42 3.3 Research Instruments ..................................................................................... 42 3.4 Method and Technique of Collecting Data .................................................... 43 3.5 Method and Technique of Analyzing Data .................................................... 43 3.6 Method and Technique of Presenting Data .................................................... 44 CHAPTER IV SHIFTS IN THE TRANSLATION OF LOCATIVE PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES IN HARRY POTTER AND HALF BLOOD PRINCE INTO HARRY POTTER DAN PANGERAN BERDARAH CAMPURAN ..................................................................................................... 47 4.1 Shifts Applied in The Translation of Locative Prepositional Phrases in Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince into Harry Potter dan Pangeran Berdarah Campuran ........................................................................................................... 49 4.1.1 Level Shift ................................................................................................ 49 4.1.2 Class Shift ................................................................................................ 58 4.1.3 Structure Shift .......................................................................................... 70 4.1.4 Intra-system Shift ..................................................................................... 80 4.1.5 Unit Shift .................................................................................................. 85 4.1.5.1 From a Low to a High Unit .................................................................... 85 4.1.5.2 From a High to a Low Unit .................................................................... 91 4.2 Impacts of Translation Shifts Occurred in Translating Locative Prepositional Phrases in Harry Potter and Half Blood Prince into Harry Potter dan Pangaren Berdarah Campuran ....................................................... 94 4.2.1 Loss of Information .................................................................................. 95 4.2.2 Gain of Information .................................................................................. 100 CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION ................................... 105 5.1 Conclusion .................................................................................................. 105 5.2 Suggestion ................................................................................................... 106 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES
xi
ABBREVIATIONS A
=
Adjective
ADV
=
Adverb
AdvP
=
Adverb Phrase
AP
=
Adjectival Phrase
D
=
Determiner
Det-A
=
Definite Article
Indet-A
=
Indefinite Article
M
=
Modal
N
=
Noun
NP
=
Noun Phrase
P
=
Preposition
PP
=
Prepositional Phrase
Poss.mark
=
Possessive Marker
S
=
Sentence
SL
=
Source Language
SLT
=
Source Language Text
TL
=
Target Language
TLT
=
Target Language Text
V
=
Verb
VP
=
Verb Phrase
xii
