Depoliticizing the Chinese Issue: A Reconsideration of the Suharto-era Assimilation Policy*

€uvuyz ῐῑ‚ ῍ ƒ ῎ῌῌΐ„ ῒ …

  ῍῍   ῍῍ῌ







ῌῌ

Depoliticizing the Chinese Issue: A Reconsideration of the Suharto-era Assimilation Policy* A>O6L6 Nobuhiro**

“Assimilation” has been long considered characteristic of Suharto’s “New Order” policy toward the Indonesian Chinese. On the other hand, it is well known that sharp differentiation between pribumi and non-pribumi also existed within the civil administration. This seeming contradiction illustrates one of the difficulties in understanding the state’s attitude towards Chinese in Indonesia during the Suharto era. This study examined the archives of the Department of Home Affairs, the department charged to carry out policies toward those of Chinese descent, in order to provide a clearer picture of how its laws and policies were conceived and formulated. It was found that the establishment of BAKOM-PKB and such programs as assimilation training in RT/RW were used to try to bureaucratically control and dominate this issue, especially under the Dirjen SOSPOL. This was an agency of extreme importance with an active role in policing not only the Chinese but also Communism, Islam, and those related to SARA issues. For the Department of Home Affairs, the Chinese issue was not just about National Unity but, more importantly, a measure to secure the Suharto presidency. Utilizing both assimilation and differentiation in that context was neither a failure nor a contradiction. It was a necessary combination in order to depoliticize the Chinese issue for the political stability of the regime. Keywords: Suharto regime, Department of Home Affairs, SARA issues, Assimilation Policy, Chinese issue ῍ῌ῏ῌ῎ῐ   !"# SARA $%   

%$ῌ

ῌῌ

&'()*+,- .*/012345,678&9:;<=> ?@,AB *CD.EFG*HI@7J .K LM:N OPQRS;EFG1&'TU*-VW X.WJ YZ,HI@7J 7[\]1.7^ &'_` ab?@,cd7e*f7, - gh,i*jk^lmJ n&opqrstuvuwxyz{| Institute of Developing Economies-Japan External Trade Organization }IDE-JETRO~ ῏῎῎῎῎ Wakaba, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba ῎ῒ῍῎῔ῑῐῑ, Japan e-mail: Nobuhiro῏Aizawaide.go.jp 37

OP''»¼ ῐῑ— ῍ ½

I ῎ ῌ ῏ ῍ ῎ῌῌῑ  ῔  ῍ῒ   Ong Tjong Hay  Kristoforus Sindhunata   ! "  #  

$%&'()*%+,- .' /01230  %4# 5678! ῔  ῍ΐ  9:;<=>- . '?@A0BC DEFGH Kompas I 9JKL78 ! M N,%4# 56780OPQRSOM- TKompas ῎ῌῌῑ/῔/῍῔U!῍  ῍῕῏῏  ῏  ῎ῌ  ? 8 .'VVWX YZ[

6! X .'\]0^_ `a!b/0cd?eS0_

"f_S-! ῍῕ῒῌ  ^_#gh$%i&j?Ok-l'(mnop q LPKB: Lembaga Pengkajian Kesatuan Bangsa rs LPKB t)u6 X OG v*ws?l'(mno+,x BAKOM-PKB: Badan Komunikasi Pengahayatan Kesatuan Bangsa rs BAKOM-PKB t)P Gy G v- zs?.u

{/^_ `0*1,0|S-!῎ |.u&j?}$2  ^_3 /0#g ~€2P4780‚cS-! O-O <5ƒ/0 ῎ῌῌῌ  ῍῕ῒῌ }6S}$O <„…R80|O †‡SˆS-,! ῍῕ῒῌ  Gy‰7‰ `8Š9S‹Œ*?k-#gh$ 'g ῎ῌῌῌ   .'^_\]0Š9S `'Ž(?O&Sˆ PŠ9S ,‘P#gh$‚-’>8z:“;/0‘ ,c<k-! G v*w=”‘7 ῕ <•3 .'^_–;—ˆ˜™šˆ>gP! + Kompas C?›L %Œœœ Harry Tjan Silalahi ?k-!  BAKOM-PKB \,O ž4ŒPŸd< 8r@‘7._A šm,k-! .'VV+œGžŒv?k; .'v% +V pq PMKRI: Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Katolik Republik Indonesia #B?Ok-! PMKRI \,  ῍῕ῑΐῌῑ῕ Cq) %Œ ῍῕ῒ῍ῌῒ῎ q) 6 TKompas ῎ῌῌῑ/῔/῎ῑU! , ¡DS¢E?-&j^_ `0*?S,! ^_r£¤¥2O\; £l¦ .'_F * u ;'œ§_ F¨G_ _G/0O?k-< ©ªH}$ \, †‡^_ `¤¥«/0h$I-,c¢E?J¬­^_0*PNc! LPKB  ῍῕ῒ῏  ῏ K R8 .'®¯L PKI: Partai Komunis Indonesia ° ˆuS<-, BAPERKI Badan Permusyawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia ±M )3²/06 lZŸ³?K R8&j?k-! BAKOM-PKB  ῍῕ΐΐ N ´ Ÿ³?K R8 ^_µq+,.¶ /06K R8! | BAKOMPKB u, X†·¸Pˆ¹º0! 38

‹ŒῌŽH)*F<‡

      !" # $ % & ' ( &)* +, -. + ῍ῑ  /CapGoMeh0 123 456 +,789:; <= >? &@&" AB<=&% CDE F GH IJ῏;  FKL:&= MNOPQ R.!"S#F$=%E)* TU  &V' BW: &()B!" XYRZ*+&CA,:>.3 4[\6 1Tjina, Cina; - 4/06  -]%12&%34^* X_R`* +0 ! 4abcd6 1Tionghoa; ef56B!" gh278% 9i.:jk-gh;l)m <=n;&o-W &pB> )BW-" 33qrst. +,- ?u@Av C e -@wBxy:z  X_R`*+C7z)XYRZ*+&D E&.-)* 4F6 -{G% vAz|}zB- *+&H=~^*€] &" -] % Cl)m GH II‚ 3qJ%Kƒ !" ῍῔ῒῌ +&„LB…\†)F<‡MN@)OEBW-PQ-] RJSˆ^*W-"ῐ; % XYRZTU‰&V 34Š})*‹WF<‡%   v XŒz  Y -zZ[ &\^*<‡ !z" XYRZ<Ž] ‰  FC<^.C_Tv`a^* ‹W 4b26 <‡34‘cK=d =’“

F„c”•&W b2<‡e– ::})*"ῑ; b2

<‡‹—BW XYRZ*+&U(^*F<‡‹W1f% &= V: €˜1^* ™g^* ῍῔῔῔ š› F34^*" 34hBW% b2 ij2 Žkœlž)*   b2™g^*1fŸU (^*z%m)z -" F<‡h :}& A*] F¡¢@nBW€o% ῍῔ῑῌ +z) ῒῌ  +C<=” „c”)<=pq != Fr£¤ } <=¥s¦t -; GH I% §¨© Xª- C BF%n«¬X†¦v­¦ %® 4u@v€6 A¯:" °w GH I-{ G% c±ªxy² ³ ´N«µz@¶b:{GBWu]* XYRZ*+& o-W GH I·`nGH I{|^*¸ *%r& iC·C9 .-) *" o `nGH I BF%`nGH%CA¯:{G‹BW B¹B ¹.-)*" .;  }FA A~º]=% …\† ?u& W ,^*W-" €rB‚EƒA A8 „(2&… @†y !" BzB) A* ‡%ˆ‰&:))z" &oW AŠ»29>&-W% ‹Œ ¼῎ῌῌΐ½ K" /; '@¹ Esther dan Ferdi ¼῎ῌῌ῍½ Jafar ¼῎ῌῌ῏½" 39

_`»'( ῐῑ¼ ῍ ½

ῒ  Star Weekly      !"#$%& "#'()*+ , -./0!-ΐ ! $%12 345+& 6*78-

   9:; "#<=>)?))@ 4

῍῕ῒῌ $)'(A&BCDEF6G ῎ῌῌῌ 12 HIJK4 L -H!- 2 MK4N   O 9:;P  '(& "#M-QRSTUV)&WX-῔ Y  ! $%V78!)!Z 34 '(2 & [\ \! 2@ !]$%V)&^? ῍῕ῒῌ !"5+_` aWb!)'(A2 BCDEc&de-f#$gh!-i j %k l&'m4n ! opiK43!Hqq3  r"#s t BCDE(l& uvl&!w- BCDE xy&x)z*{

=+ |,-{?.i*?iw} ῎ῌῌῐ /012~3H €4? jBC DE'm4x)z*)n 3!‚5& u4+ ƒ6„? uv@ ῍῕ῒῌ N…78cῌ? ,-)†Z9:@BCDE f#& 25!- &‡ˆ)3!&+Z-2 BCDE;?<‰ '(stH/Z „=m+ 25 BCDE>?Š ‹Œ Ž@V„3!+Zc A 2 BCDE;<‰y j=+n jBCn !DE? BCDE  |!&‘’78-“”+FGK4+•8Š –R—&D˜4! i Hk |™š›œiI! , -Iž ZH ‘Ÿ K49 ! ¡J!¢&£2¤2? ¥!¦ KLMq

?¡§Hk |?] |! ¨NK4m+&-„ o‹ Hk |F G11H OP+&  ©+ ª7 H>-Q« 23!?mŠ  9R9)&  O+&-„ „5+ S+ @  –R—NT¢12 '()+&-„ U¬2 & Hk |­ƒ ®  ƒ+ S7¦VW¯P Hk |?FGK4“”Š BCDE; ! ?’78-Xv+Š oY |V°!-Z°P 0 Somers ±῍῕ῒῐ² Coppel ±῍῕῔῏² [³ ±῍῕῕ῑ² Benny Setiono ±῎ῌῌ῎² 1  $ & Leo Suryadinata '(?H!H\p+ ±῍῕ΐ῔; ῍῕ΐ῕; ῍῕῔῍² ´ƒWX%µ! & Hk]12 2q Yayasan Tunas Bangsa ±῍῕ῒ῎²

Hk]¶/^A+0·]12 & Siauw Giok Tjhan ±῍῕῔῍² ?WX- Hk]!0·]$%12 &¸¹+º† 2 :;:; ±῎ῌῌῌ² Purdey ±῎ῌῌ῏² 40

\]ῌ¼,½/K-$OP

    ῕     



!" #$%&' ()*+,- .+ / 01 2 3!- 4 56.7./+289:; <1%+2 =>  ?@+ABCD2".EFG1; H%  "I,JK L M"!"JK-  N#$OP

#$

%&1%+"  N#%&'Q(/.R1 5S  TAB)U)-2῕V

II ῎ῒῐ῍ῑ῏ῌ LPKB WXY%Z[ \]*+,^_` -a52.b+Zc[d2- e> WXY/0 3! $Of15S23gh4+; -  ῍῕ῒ῏ 5/JK- LPKB i6j71,- LPKB % klm8n 9 `op,5/JK- qr:stAB uO;vw, 9`% " D<x=F qr:y2z{w,->?i$ |BAPERKI: Badan Permusjawaratan Kewarganegaraan Indonesia &w BAPERKIV }J~

R LPKB 5/- 9`qr:stAB% WXY ,@2/K- LPKB  €‚ƒ„…†c |Siauw Giok TjhanV @2/K- BAPERKI ‡;ABˆ28AB;-/

‰Š^#$*‹)

῍ῌV

Œ, u2C DJK-

EIŽ+% LPKB F Asimilasi‘ |$OV 2@’F BAPERKI  F Integrasi‘ |G“V 2@’F” 2•HJK2 $OG“;,;I6+ 3V  –—JK >eKL˜)/K-™;šM+NO%&w'  1   ῍῕ῒΐ  - › œ P $  O Q ῏ΐ ž † X R S U h Ÿ   P |Instruksi Presidium Kabinet No. ῏ΐ/U/IN/ ῒ / ῍῕ῒΐV ῍῕ῒΐ  I G T  O Q ῍ῐ ž † X   \ U ¡ ¢ £  3 2  |Instruksi Presiden No. ῍ῐ/ ῍῕ῒΐ tentang Agama, Kepercayaan dan Adat istiadat CinaV ῍῕ῒΐ IGTh4Q ῎ῐῌ ž a¤AŸP |Keppres No. ῎ῐῌ/ ῍῕ῒΐ mengenai kebijakan pokok yang menyangkut WNI keturunan asingV 7S ῍῕ῒΐ I GTOQ ῍ῐ ž%  N#$OP¥V+NOJK  ¤¦§¨01© —@Rª"«- eKL%  L PW¬2@­X52 ;()¥V®7K- ¯°mw ῎ῌῌῌ IGTOQ ῒ ž52 RNO KLJ  %  @ ^ " ± Y ² ^ ¦ §  ¨  ³ @ R  ´ Z   @  + , - |Keputusan K Presiden Republik Indonsia No. ῒ tahun ῎ῌῌῌ tentang Pencabutan Instruksi Presiden Nomor ῍ῐ tahun ῍῕ῒΐ tentang Agama Kepercayaan dan Adat istiadat CinaV ῍ῌV $OPC%µ¶ Star Weekly 52DJK- R LPKB  BAPERKI C32 % Somers ·῍῕ῒῐ¸ Coppel ·῍῕῔῏¸ [¹ ·῍῕῕ῑ¸ Benny Setiono ·῎ῌῌ῎¸ º»2 41

wx,¹,º» ῏ῐ¼ ῍ ½

          LPKB     !"#$%& '()*+, -%. /01%2#34%5  6   BAPERKI  7  1%89: 

'()*+,; <Suku= %. >?@@ A'()* +,-%2#6BC$%&@2 %D? $E0 ?%F

GHIJK -LM ># LPKB  .NO BAPERKI  !%0"#$P%%QR$%.>? $ LPKB % BAPERKI S$&  CTCUV'(>?)W%XY*+89.,Z[\]0^#_: ? ῍ῒῑῐ -..2?ῒ. ῎ῌ `1/089123a%>? ῍ῒῑῐ - ῒ b ῎ῌ 4 c(de( fA%55-6ghijk&lm)W 78 A%5no6gpq5%0`1&rZ? s )W9:;<Wtuidv=w &>?@&Ax.$hijk/BCy2? $`1DzE{.FG%2 ?H&|BC#& S tuid$`1'()*+,XY*.E }j~j{%€I^?$% ‚ '()*+,XY*ƒ „+0%…2Z†  '()*+, H JKL5M‡%2#ˆ2NO.‰BC? '()*+,X Y*ŠP.QB2# ‹Œ BAPERKI ŠPBC 6R +ŽS.T C$%%>? R%6RS'‘i89 $E0.2# …’ “UVA$%.>? BAPERKI ŠP.E># LPKB S- &WXY5'(%2# Z

$..”+n? ῍ῒῑῑ -[\•)W9:–=—g <SESKOAD: Sekolah Staf dan Komando Angkatan Darat= ˜™šj LPKB ›8+()eš&!].

œ#^ž/>? $[\• SESKOAD ˜™šj -W& Ÿ_ ¡Q ¢ `a£¤?5DZ{%5\1abc&d¥BC?{^[ *€I ^¦§¨©Pe fª.8g!]&h›BC? +()eš ˜™šj iA#jPek0$%.6g  « ¦§¬}­}®d%¯6R?{^ [ ^ž.E>#¨lm«%2#nQCE0.>? $E0¦°± Q tuidjPeŒ._# o a£ pqrsa  ¨tu5 $%.²G%³QCE0.>?

III     tuid&jPev´&5rµ1¶2?!]·œ ¸š!] '()* 42

{|ῌˆ‰. Š7&V

 Masalah Cina        !" # $%&  ' () *+," -. /  #0% 12 ,341     5#0% '5625  +  78#% '9 :; <1<=71>  ῍῍? @ABC D E 2-./ AF#G ῍῔ῒΐ  ῐ F @HBI#J KL MN) 569 . !2"#%O(P QRL$2 ST%US &V'W (E#0)2 @HBIX*+,  -Y./#Z0%12([#\4 ]^345#L E2 9 -Y6_ '7`a,9 5&89:  5  bcde f ;F<#= @ABC-.>]&V#gh @HBIi&[j9ED  kl (?@  5&8@HBIf mn-Y./Z0oAB]^345pC#q2)DE2 F5STrG

s72

 F5tuHv34 wx2 51Iyz{|It9: J}A9bcde~KLM2 '€ F5STs7 bcdeN 5P3 ]^35@O

4-N‚ƒ„#…†%€4 bcde

&8-)255P#QR25# STU "%‡ˆ ‰VŠ* ῍῎? -Y./‹W-. bcdeN59‡ˆ /X YZ[6\5  @ABC&[]ŒHbŽbcŽ‘c^_2 G’#'`% l ab c“”d  ' l bcde&8e.#•#l–4 —c˜ ™ '—c˜#K) l@HBISTUXf 5 š7› œ  gT#45›  ‚ƒ2 žŸ#29.bcde h›i*P -Y RG’¡¢, (&-2j l  #•#l– m—c˜#kœ9.Xf#ol2 ' l @HBISTU9£=)¤ m  #l–¥Tj&V#no1(¦2)§ 5¨fmnpqrSTs t©—c˜ `u2 ªE«¬#­4v%  ῍῏? ®6m  ¯j -Y1YgQw '2G’°M 56p±² ³ SD%O x SDf4 '´œ @HBITU#µyO¶

῍῍? · ,z2){| ¸῎ῌῌῒa¹ Sukisman ¸῍῔ΐῑ¹ º} f ~bcde m4/€P562‚ - l  ~PE&»6 bcde P5P) Stateless ¼ƒ „ ῍῎? 7 ½… 5I bcdeST ,{| ¸῎ῌῌῒb¹ º} ῍῏? @HBITU†Œ¥Tjp‡ , {| ¸῎ῌῌῒa¹ º} 43

ef7º7»¼ ῐῑ½ ῍ ¥

           !   "   #$%##  &'$()* #+%,- #./0(1 234567# 89 :; (  ῍ῐ<

IV    ῌ   ῍῕ῒΐ  ῍῎ = ῒ  >?  9 @19A23 4567 BWNI Keturunan Tjina< $C DE1 F"GHI ;  ῍ῑ< ;JKL9$ :MN!"HO(K 6 34PQ% LPKB R3ST U$>V#KL$W %&HO ῍ῒ< XX 634PQ ῍῕ῒῑ Y'  LPKB  BAPERKI Z[()\*] ῍῕ῒῒ  ῔ = +,^-+./_`abcT:J014de3f2!g3 Xhi :  K(L OKLjk 45016 7K(l( :  mL89n:;R3STp  LPKB ?@ Aq%rBs1C tDX(l ῍῕ῒΐ  ῍῍ = ῎῎   LPKB

Eu>HO  >v  w!F./FxG y: LPKB  Hz J {NI|}] ~  * Jy€K‚ƒ

„L€J_… ῍ΐ< #+MN( 1o!†‡8!F†ˆ‰   Š(O#‹W@"ŒP ;(ŽQ89 {KRŽQ89 :  SARA ‘’ORS “” • – —T ˜™šU 1 )

῍ῐ< › Vœ "   ! „ž  Ÿ> $W „ž   ›X„žY¡Ž B!< ¢£Z  ῍ῑ< ¤#A234567 f[$ ˜ ῍῕ῒΐ + ῎ῐῌ ¥> BKeputusan Presiden RI Nomor ῎ῐῌ Tahun ῍῕ῒΐ tentang Kebijaksanaan Pokok Yang Menyangkut Warganegara lndonesia Keturunan Asing<    _¦HzŸ >$W „ž §: \]Q¨© BSCUT: Staf Chusus Urusan Tjina<  #.  BBAKIN: Badan Koordinasi Intelijen Negara< HL   BBKMC: Badan Koordinasi Masalah Cina< ZªŒ«O:  ῍ῒ< LPKB ¬+ ?­®^_¯HI:l`° HL LPKB ?@ a)634P Q"b ±! c²3C7³4P´µ%>V¶Ž634P Q UrB`° : Coppel ·῍῕῔῏¸ hd ῍ΐ< LPKB Ÿ ¹ ˜   ῍῕ῒΐ  + ῎῎ῌ ¥    _  BInstruksi Presiden No. ῎῎ῌ ῍῕ῒΐ tentang Pembubaran LPKB< 44

_`ῌ¼½.KL

῍ΐ    ῐ 

   SARA



 Dirjen SOSPOL: Direktorat Jenderal Sosial dan Politik    

   !"# $ %&'( 

)*#+,-. /012345 Dirjen SOSPOL 6 %789:;0<= >?9(

@A B"C,-DE.F#, G@  >H9I

J %KL( ,   ῌ ῌ ῒ῏ΐῑ῔ῐ ῍Dirjen SOSPOL῎   ῍῔ῒῐ MN  OP Q Dirjen Pemerintahan Umum RSJ  SARA , *# ῍῔ >H9I

  T.>H9I UVWXYZE6.[ \]! !^" #+,$_ D`%ab&1cId0,'e  >H9I ! (f# Q)g**# E+_.hi Ej k , .l#-.,m/*#G@  <n0o U 12?>Ipa - q3r".45 

6 @% ?>I 7E.Est - >H9I8#.*u n0o,vw*#D 9:xy9O;]z .F<{R=3>|} ~-  !E(f# U0ovw, ># €_a-  45?‚@ƒ „…†,A  ‡4ˆ‰B{ !"# 12nŠ‹ ,   ῐ  Œ Ž  …† l-  !C#q3,$_ TD 6 ‘ 9’0“’0 Erman Harirustaman E”XE@u •454– 9’—}˜1 Amirmachmud EX ™F *#š›GœH. %9 1žŸž(

 H¡],It] J¢_>H9I &' KL*

u£M N¤,Q   !"#N¤¥OP E  ῎ῌ ῍ΐ SARA  SARA  Suku 2Q Agama ¦§ Ras ¨ Antar Golongan  ©R ª/012345S1«, #  ῏ ‚¬ ­ Q F,*#  ˆn0o,&* .“ž t >H9I  SARA U€ #­®QF,š¯°  T ῍῔ ῍῔ῒῐ   EUV*#±W SARA ,  ῍῔ῑ῔ O

Biro Politik ῍῔ῒῌ . ῒῐ  "XY² Dirjen Khusus   ῍῔ῒῐ .Z³´B"P Q E µ 

RSE¶  ·  ῍῔῔῔ O ῎῏ ´[ ῎ῌ   ῐ 

G¸\t ¹º Pembinaan Umum 2¹ ]^ Pembinaan Kesatuan Bangsa »2n!0o Pembinaan Ketertiban Umum dan ῌ 45

YZ}w}»¼ ῏ῐ½ ῍ ¸

SARA         

  KESBANG: Direktorat Pembinaan Kesatuan Bangsa  ῍῔ῒΐ   !"#$%&'() *   + ,  -./ *  - ./ 0,) *  12345- 6-7 SARA 8 ) 2( )97:;<=>?@A ,BC 

!D"-E#./)

( FG0,H$%&)'I(JK)(L

 ) M0,*NOPQRST$%0UV  G2()8 * H+WD  )K  OPQRSTXY9, BAKOM-PKB

,-Z

 ῌ ῌ BAKOM-PKB ?[&Q"'\](^_   E.`'\ +-a  H b2- BAKOM-PKB  BAKOM-PKB   * 

acd/ef(g Lfh0,g-iKj 7 ?[&Qk0l (_m-(1# 23 )* noO&WL4p(j ) +q BAKOM-PKB r 9,sts) ῍῔ῒῒ ,./ BAKOM-PKB uvwo

x&y56z {|>}@~€C0- 6 ῍῔ῒ῏  ΐ  ‚ wox&y7ƒ }„"…†~‡ˆ ‰, BPKB: Badan Pembina Kesatuan Bangsa Š BPKB ‹C 0 BPKB 88 + wox&y9  Œyz ;

i0  Œyzwox&y 9 Ž# 0 7 ‘ˆ’ “ ”{ˆ•O>} D– : 7 K:(—˜z  —˜

(Z  ™ ;<-š= ›œC)a( 7 BPKB 0 z  ž 7ƒ 1noO&E#0>(),./

  C7 ƒ ῍῔ῑῒ  LPKB Ÿ Š=¡?@( ›/)(¢ LPKB £ˆ¤SAB no O&¥7C›¦

 § 0 Œyz0?[&Q",¨ {ˆ•O>}  -D©0ª

  82 EF 0 Œyz >G6H7 : «I¬wo­’H7 J®¯-°)( ›  JKLD±K(?[&Qn²³ M ´B NOPQµ.¦  ῍῔ῑῒ  ῏  ῎ῌ R0 Œyz STJ¶UV ῌ

46

Pertahanan Sipil WS Pembinaan Masyarakat · Pembinaan Pengamanan ῍῔ῒῐ ) JW‹X8 ῔῏ ¸¹º

kl῍m£.&—

           !"#  "$% & '()*(+,-.) (/ ( /. ῍ῌ ,0 ῒῌ 1 2)3()4 5(/6 789/ :;<=>?@ A,BCD&9E"/ ! F

GH IJK?L 94 5M) N ",OPQ!"C RS ,(TU() A !)U V/"49/ 4U("W,X #Q!Y Z[\]^_`;a LPKB b;cd$e %,&) '.,f(Q! BPKB ,)*6! +,-4 IJK? gh,.ij/kQ!4,lm

῎῍n ῍῔ῒῒ  ῒ o ῍῔ῌ῎῏ 0 IJK? ]pq?@ ‘KOPKAMTIB: Komando Pemulihan Keamanan dan Ketertibann

?@A <’“”24 F()•B –> !€C D—,E˜()–> !FGH ‘BKMC: Badan Koordinasi Masalah Cinan A™ >šI4,›!49 œ! 4 % J01 ῒ o ῎ῐ 0 BAKOM-PKB KL"!MEžNCOŸ| % ‘Pekan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsan &9   ]pq?@•–> !FGHPQ F()¡L ¢( RS,£CT-!4 U¤( F() MEžNCOŸ|%+,- „¥V()WX ῍ῌ o ῎ΐ 07Y,¦@Z§ BAKOM-PKB ()F &9[A 4 \PQ :;<= >?,%A]m ¨©!&^TD!a LPKB b;cd9ª,U( )*/. ῎ Ko1 ῍῎ o ῏῍ 0+,-8|b;cd" F _0 +,- `«"S¬ ,0) BAKOM-PKB `«)*(῎῏n

῎῍n a+,-$%Ša­| ®¯ °c?b± y;?²³d ῎ῌῌῐ  ῐ o ῍ῐ 0 ῎῎n c´ y;
pqw¹wº» ῎῏¼ ῌ ½

BAKOM-PKB      

   ! "#$  % & '() * + , -./%0+1%23 456789:;<= >? @6 AB6CD 89: E ;<* BAKOM-PKB  F GH IJ   +K ;L9*

!@7,M"N;<9* O# P=$% Q-= RS6TU9.V BAKOM-PKB

0&1'W(23)*6X9"N;<9* +

 BAKOM-PKB  1'YW(23 +,(-6./ W(23 012634Z[: L$ ;<* !H) "N  W(567\9:;<* W( 89,M"N H) ;<* ] W(^_`ab;:Z# ;<#cdQ=efg >? @? +VAh6@ijB[ klm;[ % #Cn W( 1o89, M9: H) * 23Dpq/KLrZ01 % s tE01;<9* BAKOM-PKB  :Vuvw FW(23b;01 xy6fV,M9zGU ;<*῍῎{ |G.V"N6H) 9,M LPKB

~

ῌΐῑῑ HI9) ZVJ}KLZ*

ῌΐῐΐ H;<9  BAKOM-PKB +  ῒ H6€I9) :

9* ῒ Hb6€ BAKOM-PKB

MN) : ‚ƒ„O…;:b

4pP †m: ‡ Z9* BAKOM-PKB I9 ˆ8KJ OpP ‰(8: ;L9mŠV* !@ W(;‹#) 9Q89kŒRS…;<9* T O9 !W(KZ P W(MNŽL< 96U‘;X=V ‘= ~)J9:; 4pWX6’“Z  +Y ῒ H” Z[W( •f[ –9.V— 4I96 ˜ 9.V* ! W( P\sP ]sP™^B;<9* B6 P;<j !+_$C> j6š›œ`P89:689\sP6až +V89:;Ÿ =W(23 b¡ Z.Vc89_P¢£¤RZ  ¥dMN¦e§j Z ¨W(23f uvwB6 ©B89]sP E 9.V;<* -ZW(ghOi346f Z )  BAKOM-PKB 6I989:; W(23vª„«¬­®6j=¯ J ]sW(ghQ°89_±™L[ Pky6f;<9* ‚ƒ„OpP

῍῎{ ῌΐῑῒ H ῒ ² ῍ῐ l>?m)*³3I9n´ µPiagam Berdirinya Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa{ ¶Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia ¶ῌΐῑῒ· ¸o* 48

PQῌ½"”sE

 ῒῌ     ῎ῐ

V      !" SARA #$% &'() *+,./01 &'2)34567   89:-()3 4  ;<%=>?@ .37AB ῍῔ΐῌ  &'C %D7 E;<F GH IJEKLMNO PProgram Peningkatan Peranan RT/RW Dalam Proses Pembauran QR: SKLMNO TUVWXY

 ῎ῒ Z [7-8)06 \]^% ῍ῑ Z_ `a: S ῍ῑ Z8 !bcdN "bcdN eYf #bcdN ghi,j$%H "ghk & 'ghk glMghi,j$%H (ghk "iecUjU #iecUjU (iec UjU !bNfmX #bNfmX ne "opqUrN7/"῎ῑ Ss ῍ῑ Z(    &'

)s tHu6 vEwxy (*z: v{ | y +(*}~d%€: .,
)GH )}bd –:%S8-;<  )GH )8:—Ž˜‰ q™š›œ;%S8-EKLMNOž87/ TUVWXY $ghk ‹7Hu6Ÿ ¡)<¢£= PRonda Malam ‹ ¤¥>’ ¤š›£=!0 :[: ?  GH ¦@AS87S:¥>£=œ§¡B:S8C S:S8[s - TUVWXY  vE: y 8DE .¨FG!F῎ῐ BAKOM-PKB HI( Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia ©῍῔ῒΐª œ « ῎ῑ  AB  GH *+,7KeŽ¬UKeŽ­%‚-\*z!"  ¬UGKeŽ8F®¯°±TUVWXY?S8: †¯- TU VG²³bjU± YN±´A 5 .`J[s:µ¶ %-7-/ F †·KLu¬UGKeŽ¸ 8% .¹º  GH  ῎ῌ… †3

\/Fs8 .HE`aH8:/0S88 " S*z ,G¹º(῍῔ΐῌ  M»¡N¼ SOSPOL ῍῏ΐ/ ῒῑ῎῎ O©Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia ῍῔ΐῌª  49

mns¹sº» ῏ῐ¼ ῍ ½

        

  !"  #$%&'() *+,- ).  /.0123  1456 789&: ;$<=>0  !'?"#@) 4ABCDEF G;HIJK1  LM CDEFG $NO>1P 78 9&: QRIS;%& 'ST+M(UV0WX)    ;Y*+Z2![\,- ]^ -_.#$%`P4 -L <1/ab[ 0c -de124;!;I fgFhiDG;j"k B0M(UV; l!;"   mProgram Pembaurann ;o345p X) <2 AB 6 qrhCUs782Ot uv ῍ΐῒῌ 9:"W>* `" k&; >1><" !W! v QRISwY*;; !W!B x L ῑῌ 9:y< => .;/&#>W2z{AB|2?} L+M   2 @.` & A~B &€tBF‚r2 ƒ L0 !B LM =>0M  CN;0" $$„|7DE 0F@ W !"  ῍ΐῒῌ 9B0q…†‡F#GHIJKC2LIˆ

 - ;‰rdŠU‹ mPenataran P ῏ n

!"  L‰rdŠU‹

 tvŒJK0MS2Ž"  NOP +"b[~5p O>1P ‘’%W“QR" L0 ”S5T2•U   $#q…†‡F–rFV—  !B L‰ rdŠUq…†‡F2!1˜B 5W™G0š bXYZu+M0A BW !"  < 0L‰rdŠU‹ ‰rdŠU-WYZ0 M›W0 [$#\œ Wkž]UŸ)^! B!1˜B_q…†‡F2` ABL02¡L  ¢£¤¥W¦§¨L0 q ‹W` -[©0>I ‰rdŠUq…†‡F2q__q…† ‡FAB+Mal<ª2š ῎ῑn ‰rdŠU2«ªb >_c¬b_ d

῎ῑn ῍ΐῑΐ 9qr­e®¯W!" fghq$#_;qrhCUs2° ±ijb²<1qb²E³2L§M0AB@l;š`B2´  !B - ˜}.0 q$_<1°[ABž]U2]µ ¶·2¸ kABkl;!"  50

mnῌJ½V-A

       

!"#$%&'(

)*+,-)  ./ 01 2 345 6 789:;'<) !"#$%&= >?@ ) *+ABC ῍ΐῐῑ DEF2*+GHIJ KL3  M N O 0PQ" !"R#3A ./ 0 21 ST)UV$WXBYAB3? ./ 012%Z'&')[ #\(2]^ ./ 01 2)*CUV 8_+BCABC  (A) BAKOM-PKB ( `F5#$a b 8) ,FJcF -dRe).f/34gh ?iUjk2 C l7mnop01BC ῍ΐῒ῏  q23r4567 sFragmen Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsat u%vPwb2x^ yz"{a%pq|u sTVRIt

B8},- 8&# ~ J€&J29L3 G2:;?V)
‚=ƒzmP„,… ~q23† > ?U… C {‡@Al7ˆ( 34BC  „$‰ 2BŠCW2 L329‹BŠŒlG3DE FG2Ž  U# ‘’“ H W”•–B ˆ%I— J ˜l ™9 KL M-)š7-›œYBC (3 # 29#NžB CŸ4 z"{a%p G:;OV…BC ›BP bV-) {‡¡QR¡Q

BD63 ¢63 u{‡ S£)29‹ ;

q2TU,…()< 8-2 ~29DEV[ &¤ •W X YZ}) BC mnop[\3J¥] M)^_ ¦§` B3?  2bUV 8 ,V¨3V ῑῌ a©bgª 2bU V 8

{‡2BYC2BC  `F[ q|8cB/«P

¬"{#3q23†{‡ 8}­®B3? }¯°H b)}¯±²³B 4},… {‡´dµ34BC2 29DEV[eB,^¶ ^3mnop S£)8},-BC῎ῒt

VI ῌ῎ῒ῏῍ῑῐ  `F[ yfB ῍ΐῑῌ a©bUV ῒῌ agbU®)2.f/ ῎ῒt  2$h¥·),FcF¸2¹‹­®B3? &ºij»k<)4 £(2*+,- 8kr  &º ij l¼)  *+)  DEV[ie) 51

lm¹º» ῐῑ¼ ῍ ½

      !"# $%&'  (%&)  *    +,-   *./ 0%&)1 .23456 &) 78 9%:;7  ";8 <=>?'@A B C);7DE' F GHIJ(K%&' LM# ῑ

F!"

N#OP Q' @R SITIU$Q GHIJ%&V"WX'%&)

 YZA![ ῍ΐῒῌ

'\()*]^ +_.8R"7,

-

./ *+X'#`0 YZA![)* +_.# a" bc*12A 3`456c'7d

e  SARA  f .78c'g@.9%8&) h: F3`X! ;i;)*# %&jklmnX' 8   )* L#o;8h:  <A_%& h:pqr+_Q'"8 s%# )%&' +_.=>?t +_"8 ) u +_#@7

v ! + _# w

(%&'kAxc *v)*;  LB[yCD(K%&' L+_.(Qz# ῍ΐῒῒ

῍῎ { ῍ῌ EX%FR* "# BAKOM-PKB G L;)*H|

}I'E~ ῏ yJ`0€%&) KrI‚ƒ„…#LKM *B,= *%&' "# †NC‡/7J Lˆ ;‰Š‹ OˆPM†QŒŽT‘…’#“Œ…ŒŽŠX'KRS9M X ῌ῍ %&)῎ΐ”  X ῌ῍ M*K# •h:tTX' N–†—ŒŽ…˜

™: šWNI Keturunan Asing”P U  VL›‘…†QŒŽT‘… šKTP: Kartu Tanda Penduduk” WX9œ  XY;)* Z[ 

:\ h:%&' @  ž/Ÿ] ^_%#¡ KTP %`¢£I%:';7 ) h:%&'yaœX87F@¤b †c¥d¤ šSBKRI: Surat Bukti Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia” ›‘…¦Ž§‘1¨e {E8 KTP ©ªX'

;79œ*῏ῌ” †c¥d¤#h:«P/'8% ¬­1`®Z fc`'¯ °G±‘J¨eZg `'¯h KTP "7 †c¥d

῎ΐ” ῍ΐῒῒ K, No. X ῌ῍ ²Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia ῍ΐῒῒb³´ ῏ῌ” ῍ΐῒῒ K, No. X ῌ῍ †c¥d¤# &¡R% †c¥dX'Cc¤b%&'  ¤b# Ni†B†cµ)*h: i††c¶* ŒŽ…˜™†cjk) ¥dX'P %P/';7)u •#h:U·F«`¸ ¤b%&) 52

abῌ¼/½ D  '

  

! " ῏ #$%  BAKOM-PKB  &  '()*+, -./ 0  BAKOM-PKB 1234& -565   7$ -89:;<=>0 BAKOM-PKB ?@ /6ABCD E! "1234 7FG CD65:H/ 0  ?/ IJ 2K2L 5 9-./ 0 M!-L"! IJ2K2.#$%N 65 O-&:/ 0῏῍P @ QR! S'-  ! '-TUV5 -! H DW(X)7 -./ 0 Y 6! BAKOM-PKB 1234"-! Z LPKB 1234    '*+,=-5 [ 6\DW! @]^_`a-:H/ 0 KTP bcdefd2g hi j.k-:G! S/, l!'mj.k nDirjen Pemerintahan Umum dan Otonomi DaerahP -./ 0 0QS/, l!'mj

.k ῍῔ῒῒ 12o3pqr! 4 ῍῔ΐ῎ 1s.2otu6! v :5wx67 y8z{ 65 0 5wx67{|9}-! S/, l!'mj.k j:; H ~:5Ca:<€4K 6‚=  -.0 "Sƒ 6! „…†d 2e‡ˆ‰! Š`u4KT 667>?=>-.0 @ ! „…†d2e‡ˆ‰! >u-:G! ῍῔ῑῐ 1῔. ῏ῌ p‹Œ%Ž@x‘A BD! ’“CD65 C ” jC nGolongan CP  KTP D•:–4e | 0῏῎P ?^E! @  '/ G—:FG˜56!  Z jC HD:I^J K
VII ῌ ῏ ῎ ῍

῍῔ῑῒ 1 ΐ › ῍ῑ M! œžŸNOP, 6QRM…iœ 4¡¢|6,/

0 vS£'¤¥:H-! ¡¦:;TUV§¨9:;-.™Lšu! 

'©56Œª «¨ 0 ῏῍P 4l¡¬2lˆff­d2K®¯4! ῎ῌῌῐ 1 ῐ › ῍῍ M0 ῏῎P "SW?! %°¬IžKD±  ,²X³YCD –4e! ET nEx Tapol nZ

jCP Z´P -./ 0 QR! C ” jC?…µhi<¶./6! [G·\CD¸ |65 0 @ ?]FV¹º:»D6! KTP    '^_`

0 53

GH:¹:º» ῎῏¼ ῌ ½

           

! " # $%& ' ()*+,

-"./ 0 1 2 $3 -456789:$ 2;$3 <  =*>?@AB+, *CDE*)* 456789:$ 2;$3 -#;4FG".H-  56789:$ "./ I56789:$-J KL  DM#   ;$  & *NK-LO#C*CDE*)* PP0 R-ST -U PP, 456789:$ ;$Q R-S   VW  56789:$*X"0

4XY#

ZX"<

[\]6^AXD -*+, *B*)* _ `!"0 1 $ "0 $- a#b cHdefD $)^gh H  %ijk lg&mno  p qr'H*)*῍῍3 2s@()t3 uv\X)uwxyz*{-d#^+B+X  D, +C

-^"Z  |} -56789:$". ;$"*B  $ ". -,-".  cH ~- 56789: 1". ;$0 $".  $X)€/- -".H  $‚ƒ. .H/„096 …-56789: 1"† ‡ˆ‰2fŠ34$-J5‹C)D  " 56789: ŒŽ  ;$, $-=   ;$ ‘’6 ŒŽ “ -^”".HX)".  •".H 1@A ZHZ/fŠ -"./ ,#""Z _C7B;$ 56789: 1–8 fŠ -".H ,Ž—" 56789: 1–8 ŒŽ  ˜“BD ;$^|;$".H $)^S9".™,- R9". ™,- D0 -H"*XH š  uv\ D ,›-•*: uwxy -H;$ S XR X-,"*XH-,-".  ~-  ^‡S‚^;)œ-< -".H cH ~ .H 967žŸ= - S9;$ 3~">¡+".H X  S9R9-,;$¢£5¤x¥`¦ -S9 §¨© - -D ª" ?@« X ;$<"_¬/AC §S© - §R© -,­B&®*

῍῍3 ῌΐῐῑ C ῒ ¯ ῌῐ D  °C E.±FD Œ²³+/ ´ Sukisman µῌΐῑ῏: ῒῌ¶ ·¸ 54

º»῍¼ ½!"=±

     !" #$%&' ( )*+,-./01&2

 /0345 678(2  !"29:29:  ;<=>" ?@:ABC4D@  EFGHI 3 (JK2L  ;<M$ ;<M$?N  ;< OPQR=>STUVWXYZ  $%[\]^ _`:? a b_ c(defgh  DC de ijklm n 6 o?p  qr VWXs nGolongan Kiritt uvwx ;<_ SARA y z{C |} ~/ "_`  €‚ )*+,-. ;ƒ„…3L†=d‡ˆ‰Š ?† † <‹Œ ? Ž (: de;“”[•_b(:  de!"_’A ;<_=>–R = >„0"3L(_@:  DC )*+,-.;<!"—W˜W

_™ @:343Lš ;<OPR =>"3L›D 2 C deœ_6(  )*+,-.;—W ˜Wž-_!" Ÿ D=> "_¡¢ ? £¤¥_¦x §m2  Y¨ m©1&ª«2« † m¬­ ?  ?  (m©®5?55 deD 1¯ ¦° _’A !"=±_K² ? C ³´–‹XµVvwK` L DdK¶ )*+,-._? ;<!"?:¦¢D· " ? 2  ῎ ῍ ῏ ῌ ¸ ¹ Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia. ῍῕ΐΐa. Kawat Menteri Dalam Negeri ῒῌῌ/KWT/ SOSPOL/D ῎ /VIII/ ῍῕ΐΐ. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕ΐΐb. Keputusan Menteri Dalam Negeri No. X ῌ῍ Tahun ῍῕ΐΐ. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕ΐ῔. Peresmian Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa nBAKOM PKBt Tingkat Nasional oleh Menteri Dalam Negeri, tgl. ῏῍ Desember ῍῕ΐΐ. Jakarta: Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕῔ῌ. Laporan Hasil Pengamatan Lokasi RT/RW Percontohan Dalam Rangka Pelaksanaan Program Peningkatan Peranan RT/RW dalam Proses Pembauran. SOSPOL ῍ῐ῔/ ΐῒ῎῎. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕῔ῑ. Fragmen Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa. Jakarta: Departemen Dalam Negeri Republik Indonesia.

55

vŠ"#")* ῐῑŽ ῍ Q  Kompas ῎ῌῌῑ/῔/῍῔ Obituari Kristoforus Sindhunata Dimakamkan Hari Jumat. ῎ῌῌῑ/῔/῎ῑ Obituary Mengantar Kepergian Almarhum Mayor Laut K Sindhunata.    ῎ῌῌῒa   !"#""$%&'()*)*+,- ῌῌῌῌ ῎ῌῌῒb ./0123 45 67689:;<=" ῌῌ >?@A῎ ῍῕ῒῒ῍῍῕῕ῌ B? CDEF ῍ῐῒ: ῍ῑῒ῍῍ΐ῍ ῌῌῌῌ ῎ῌῌΐ >?67GHIJK BLF ῎ῌῌΐ M ῍ / ῎ NOPQ῎ ῍ῐ῍῍ΐ RSRSTUVW ῎ῌῌῌ XYZ[\]^67_` ῌῌ aIbcde B9:;<=" ῌῌ f2ghi?4F jklm nopq ῕῔῍῍ῐῐ rs#tu v῎wxy !z{| }~€ ῍῕῕ῑ ‚&:67Iƒ„… n῍῕ῒῌ Mp ῌῌ 9:;<="€†I‡ˆ‰ BŠ‹„F ῎῎: ῍῍ῐῌ 9:;<="Œ Benny G. Setiono. ῎ῌῌ῎. Tionghoa dalam Pusaran Politik. Jakarta: Elkasa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῎ῌῌῑ. Kegagalan Doktrin Asimilasi. In Indonesia Media Online Sejarah nhttp://www.indonesiamedia.com/῎ῌῌῑ/῍ῌ/early/sejarah/kegagalan῎ῌ doktrinasi῎ῌ asimilasi.htmp Coppel, Charles. ῍῕῔῏. Indonesian Chinese in Crisis. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. Esther I. Jusuf; dan Ferdi R. Srivanto. ῎ῌῌ῍. Rasisme: Dokumentasi Dokumen-dokumen Internasional Tentang Rasisme. Jakarta: Yayasan Solidaritas Nusa Bangsa. Jafar Suryomenggolo. ῎ῌῌ῏. Hukum sebagai alat kekuasaan: Politik asimilasi Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. Junus, Jahja. ῍῕῔῏. Garis Rasial, Garis Usang: Liku-liku Pembauran. Jakarta: Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa nBAKOM-PKBp Pusat. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕῔ΐ. Ganti Nama. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕῔῔. Catatan Seorang WNI: Kenangan, Renungan & Harapan. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῎ῌῌ῎. Peranakan Idealis: Dari Lie Eng Hok sampai Teguh Karya. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Leo Suryadinata. ῍῕ΐ῔. Pribumi Indonesians, the Chinese Minority and China. Singpore: Heinemann. ῌῌῌῌ, ed. ῍῕ΐ῕. Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese 1900῍1977. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῕῔῍. Eminent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches. Jakarta: Gunung Agung. Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa Jakarta nINTIp ῎ῌῌ῎. Tugas dan Kewajiban Etnis Tionghoa dalam Membangun Bangsa dan Negara. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa Jakarta. Purdey Jemma. ῎ῌῌ῏. Political Change Reopening the Asimilasi vs Integrasi Debate: Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Asian Ethnicity ῐn῏p: ῐ῎῍῍ῐ῏ΐ. Siauw Giok Tjhan. ῍῕῔῍. Lima Jaman Perwujudan Integrasi Wajar. Jakarta: Yayasan Teratai. Somers, Mary F. ῍῕ῒῐ. Peranakan Chinese Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program Department of Asian Studies Cornell University. Sukisman, W.D. ῍῕ΐῑ. Masalah Cina di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Penelitian Masalah Asia. Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῍῕ῒ῎. Lahirnya Konsepsi Asimilasi. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa.

56