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Depoliticizing the Chinese Issue: A Reconsideration of the Suharto-era Assimilation Policy* A>O6L6 Nobuhiro**
“Assimilation” has been long considered characteristic of Suharto’s “New Order” policy toward the Indonesian Chinese. On the other hand, it is well known that sharp differentiation between pribumi and non-pribumi also existed within the civil administration. This seeming contradiction illustrates one of the difficulties in understanding the state’s attitude towards Chinese in Indonesia during the Suharto era. This study examined the archives of the Department of Home Affairs, the department charged to carry out policies toward those of Chinese descent, in order to provide a clearer picture of how its laws and policies were conceived and formulated. It was found that the establishment of BAKOM-PKB and such programs as assimilation training in RT/RW were used to try to bureaucratically control and dominate this issue, especially under the Dirjen SOSPOL. This was an agency of extreme importance with an active role in policing not only the Chinese but also Communism, Islam, and those related to SARA issues. For the Department of Home Affairs, the Chinese issue was not just about National Unity but, more importantly, a measure to secure the Suharto presidency. Utilizing both assimilation and differentiation in that context was neither a failure nor a contradiction. It was a necessary combination in order to depoliticize the Chinese issue for the political stability of the regime. Keywords: Suharto regime, Department of Home Affairs, SARA issues, Assimilation Policy, Chinese issue ῍ῌ῏ῌ῎ῐ !"# SARA $%
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n῍ῒῌ Mp ῌῌ 9:;<="I BF ῎῎: ῍῍ῐῌ 9:;<=" Benny G. Setiono. ῎ῌῌ῎. Tionghoa dalam Pusaran Politik. Jakarta: Elkasa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῎ῌῌῑ. Kegagalan Doktrin Asimilasi. In Indonesia Media Online Sejarah nhttp://www.indonesiamedia.com/῎ῌῌῑ/῍ῌ/early/sejarah/kegagalan῎ῌ doktrinasi῎ῌ asimilasi.htmp Coppel, Charles. ῍῏. Indonesian Chinese in Crisis. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press. Esther I. Jusuf; dan Ferdi R. Srivanto. ῎ῌῌ῍. Rasisme: Dokumentasi Dokumen-dokumen Internasional Tentang Rasisme. Jakarta: Yayasan Solidaritas Nusa Bangsa. Jafar Suryomenggolo. ῎ῌῌ῏. Hukum sebagai alat kekuasaan: Politik asimilasi Orde Baru. Yogyakarta: Galang Press. Junus, Jahja. ῍῏. Garis Rasial, Garis Usang: Liku-liku Pembauran. Jakarta: Badan Komunikasi Penghayatan Kesatuan Bangsa nBAKOM-PKBp Pusat. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍ΐ. Ganti Nama. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍. Catatan Seorang WNI: Kenangan, Renungan & Harapan. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῌῌῌῌ. ῎ῌῌ῎. Peranakan Idealis: Dari Lie Eng Hok sampai Teguh Karya. Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia. Leo Suryadinata. ῍ΐ. Pribumi Indonesians, the Chinese Minority and China. Singpore: Heinemann. ῌῌῌῌ, ed. ῍ΐ. Political Thinking of the Indonesian Chinese 1900῍1977. Singapore: Singapore University Press. ῌῌῌῌ. ῍῍. Eminent Indonesian Chinese: Biographical Sketches. Jakarta: Gunung Agung. Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa Jakarta nINTIp ῎ῌῌ῎. Tugas dan Kewajiban Etnis Tionghoa dalam Membangun Bangsa dan Negara. Jakarta: Perhimpunan Indonesia Tionghoa Jakarta. Purdey Jemma. ῎ῌῌ῏. Political Change Reopening the Asimilasi vs Integrasi Debate: Ethnic Chinese Identity in Post-Suharto Indonesia. Asian Ethnicity ῐn῏p: ῐ῎῍῍ῐ῏ΐ. Siauw Giok Tjhan. ῍῍. Lima Jaman Perwujudan Integrasi Wajar. Jakarta: Yayasan Teratai. Somers, Mary F. ῍ῒῐ. Peranakan Chinese Politics in Indonesia. Ithaca: Southeast Asia Program Department of Asian Studies Cornell University. Sukisman, W.D. ῍ΐῑ. Masalah Cina di Indonesia. Jakarta: Yayasan Penelitian Masalah Asia. Yayasan Tunas Bangsa. ῍ῒ῎. Lahirnya Konsepsi Asimilasi. Jakarta: Yayasan Tunas Bangsa.
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