DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abowei, J.F.N., O.A. Davies and A.A. Eli. 2009. Study of the length-weight relationship and condition factor of five fish species from Nkoro River, Niger Delta, Nigeria. Current Research Journal of Biological Sciences. 1(3): 94-98. Adjie, S. dan A.D. Utomo. 1994. Aspek biologi ikan belida di perairan sekitar lubuk lampam Sumatera Selatan. Prosiding Seminar Penyusunan, Pengolahan dan Evaluasi Hasil Penelitian Perikanan Perairan Umum. Loka Perikanan Air Tawar. h. 32-36. Adjie, S., Husnah dan A. K. Gaffar. 1999. Studi biologi ikan belida (Notopterus chitala) di daerah aliran Sungai Batanghari Provinsi Jambi. J. Penel. Perik. Indonesia, 1, 38-43. Affandi, R., D. Sjafei., M.F Rahadjo dan Sulistiono. 2009. Fisiologi Ikan: Pencernaan dan penyerapan makanan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 215 hlm. Agostinho, A.A., S.M. Thomaz., C.V. Minte-vera and K.O Winemiller. 2000. Biodiversity in the high Parana river floodplain. Pp:89-118. In: Gopal B, W.J. Junk and J.A. Davis (Eds). Biodiversity in wetland: assesment, function and conservation. Volume I. Backhuys Publishers. Leiden. Netherland. ΑΙ-Hassan, L.A.J. 1984: Meristic comparison of Liza abu from Basrah, Iraq and Karkhah River, Arabistan, Iran. Cybium 8, 3: 107-108. ΑΙ-Hassan, L.A.J. 1987a: Comparison of meristic characters of mosquito fish, Gambusia affinis (Baird and Girard) from Basrah and Baghdad, Iraq. Pakistan J. Zool 19, 1: 69-73. ΑΙ-Hassan, L.A.J. 1987b: Variations in meristic characters of Nematolosa nasus from Iraqi and Kuwaiti waters. Jap. J. Ichthyol 33, 4: 422-425. Al-Zibdah, M dan N. Kan’an. 2009. Aspect of growth, reproduction, and feeding habit of three pomacentrid fish from Gulf of Aqaba, Jordan. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences. 2(3): 119-128. Amos, B and A.R, Hoelzel. 1992. Applications of molecular genetic techniques to the conservation of small populations. Biological Conservation 6, p. 133–144. APHA, AWWA and WPCF. 1981. Standard Method for Examination of Water and Waste Water. Fifteenth Edition. Byrd Pre press and R.R. Donnelly abd Sons, USA, 1134 p. Bain, M.B. and N.J. Stevenson. 1999. Aquatic Habitat Assesment Common Methods. American Fisheries Society. Maryland. USA, 216 p. Barlow, G.W. 1961. Causes and significance of morphological variation in fishes. Syst. Zool., 10:105-117. Bengen, D.G. 2000. Sinopsis teknik pengambilan contoh dan analisis data biofisik sumberdaya pesisir. Bogor : Pusat Kajian Sumberdaya Pesisir dan Lautan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB. 88 hlm. Boverton, R.J.H and S.J. Holt. 1957. On the dynamics of exploited fish populations. Fish. Invest.Minist.Agric.Fish.Food G.B. (2 Sea Fish), 19:533 pp. Bentzen, P., Taylor, E. B., and Wright, J. M. 1993. A novel synthetic probe for DNA fingerprinting salmonid fishes. Journal of Fish Biology 43: 313–316. Brown, W. M., George M. and A. C. Wilson. 1979. Rapid evolution of mitochondrial DNA, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA. 76: p. 1967-71.
144
Brown, W.M. 1983. Evolution of animal mitochondrial DNA, pp 62-88. In: M. Nei and R.K. Koehn (eds). Evolution of Genes and Proteins. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA. Clarke, G.M. 1995. Relationships between fluctuating asymmetry and fitness: how good is the evidence?. Pac. Conserv. Biol. 2: 146–149. Colwell, R.K and D.J. Futuyama. 1971. Ecology: On measurement of niche breadth and overlap. American Sciences, 524: 567-576. Dinas Perikanan dan Kelautan. 2008. Statistik Perikanan Tangkap Provinsi Riau. Pekan Baru. Diskanlut. Provinsi Riau. Direktorat Jendral Perikanan. 2000. Statistik Perikanan Indonesia. Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta. Direktorat Jendral Perikanan Budidaya. 2009. Budidaya ikan belida. Balai Budidaya Air Tawar Mandiangin. Direktorat Jendral Perikanan Budidaya. Departemen Kelautan dan Perikanan. Duarte, S., F.G. Araújo, A. Sales and N. Bazzoli. 2007. Morphology of gonads, maturity and spawning season of Laricariichthys spixii (Siluriformes, Loricariidae) in a Subtropical Reservoir. Brazilian Archieves of Biology and Technology. 50(6): 1019-1032. Effendie, M.I. 1979. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Dewi Sri. Bogor. . 1997. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama. Yogyakarta. _. 2002. Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama. Yogyakarta. Effendi, H. 2003. Telaah Kualitas Air Bagi Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Dan Lingkungan Perairan. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. 258 p. Excoffier, L., G. Laval and S. Excoffier. 2005. Arlequin ver. 3.0: Anintegrated software package for population genetics data analysis (J). Evolutionary Bioinformatics Online, 1: 47-50. Fisher, R. A. 1936. The use of multiple measurements in taxonomic problems. The Annals of Eugenics. 7 : p. 179-188. Fujaya, Y. 2004. Fisiologi ikan dasar pengembangan teknologi perikanan. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta. 179 hlm. Gosline, W.A. 1996. Structures associated with feeding in three broad-mouthed, benthic fish groups. Environ. Biol. Fishes, 47:399-405. Gustiano, R. 2003. Taxonomy and phylogeny of Pangasiidae catfishes from Asia (Ostariophysi, Siluriformes). Thesis For The Doctor’s Degree (Ph.D.) Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium. 296 P. Haloho, L.M.B. 2008. Kebiasaan Makanan Ikan Betok (Anabas testudineus) di Daerah Rawa Banjiran Sungai Mahakam, Kec. Kota Bangun, Kab. Kutai Kartanegara, Kalimantan Timur [skripsi]. Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 61 hlm. Handoyo, B. 2002. Fluktuasi asimetri pada ikan kerapu tikus (Cromileptes altivelis) di Balai Budidaya Air Payau (BBAP) Situbondo, Jawa Timur [skripsi]. Program Studi Budidaya Perairan. Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 12-18 hlm. Harahap, T.S.R dan A. Djamali. 2005. Pertumbuhan Ikan Terbang (Hirudinchthysn oxycephalus) di Perairan Benuangen Banten. Jurnal Iktiologi Indonesia 5(2):49-54.
145
Hardjamulia, A. 1999. Pengelolaan dan penyebaran induk penjenis ikan air tawar mendukung pelepasan varietas. Prosiding Pertemuan Perekayasaan Teknologi Perbenihan Agribisnis Ikan Air Tawar, Payau dan Laut. Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan, Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta. Harrison, R.G. 1989. Animal mitochondrial DNA as a genetic marker in population and evolutionary biology. Trends in Evolutionand Ecology 4, p. 6–11. Hechter, R.P., P.F. Moodie and G.E.E. Moodie. 2000. Pectoral fin asymmetry, dimorphism and fecundity in the brook stickleback, Culaea inconstans. Behaviour 137: 999–1009. Ihssen, P.E., H.E. Brooke, J.M. Casselman, J.M. McGlade, N.R. Payne and F.M. Utter. 1981. Stock identification:materials and methods, Can. J.Fish. Aq. Sci., 38:1838-1855. Inuoe, J.G., Y. Kumazawa, M. Miya and M. Nishida. 2009. The historical biogeography of the freshwater knifefishes using mitogenomic approaches: A Mesozoic origin of Asian notopterids (Actinopterygii: Osteoglossomorpha). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 51: 486-499. Jikalahari. 2009. www.jikalahari.org. Kampar Peninsula as a peat swamp forest conservation priority. Jones, J. 1987. An asymmetrical view of fitness. Nature (Lond.), 325: 298–299. Kapoor, B.G., H. Smith and E.A. Verighina. 1975. The Alimentary canal and digestion in Teleost in Russell F.S. and M. Youtn (eds). Adv. Mar. Biol., 13 Acad. Press., London, New York, San Fransisco: 109-211 King, M. 1995. Fisheries Biology. Assesment and Management. Fishing News Books, Blackwell Science Ltd. Kleanthidis, P.K, Sinis KI and Stergiou KI. 1999. Length-weight relationships of freshwater fishes in Greece. Naga, The ICLARM Quarterly. 4(22): 37-41. Kottelat, M., S.N. Kartikasari., A.J. Whitten dan S. Wirjoatmodjo. 1993. Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Ed. Dua bahasa. Periplus Editions Limited. Jakarta. 221 h. ________________________________________________________. 1997. Freshwater Fishes of Western Indonesia and Sulawesi. Ed. Dua bahasa. Periplus Editions and Emdi Project Indonesia. Jakarta, 293 h. Krebs, C.J. 1985. Ecology. The Experimental Analysis of Distribution and Abundance. Third Edition. Harper Collins Publisher. New York,p. 86-88. _________. 1989. Ecologycal Methodology. Hal 371-391. Harper and Row Publisher. New York. Kristanto, A.H and J. Subagja. 2008. Pengusaan domestikasi ikan belida. Laporan Hasil Riset. Balai Riset Perikanan Budidaya ikan air tawar. Bogor. Krueger, C.C. 1986. Incorporation of the stock concept into fisheries management. Paper presented at the Symposium Fisheries Genetics: Today and Tomorrow. Annual Meeting of the American Fisheries Society, Providence, RI. Lagler, K.F. 1972. Freshwater Fishery Biology. W. M. C. Hal. 371-191. Brown Company Publisher Dubuque. Iowa. Xii+404 hal. Lavoue, S and J.P. Sullivan. 2004. Simultaneous analysis of five molecular markers provides a well-supported phylogenetic hypothesis for the living bony-tongue fishes (Osteoglossomorpha: Teleostei). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 33. 171-185p.
146
Leary, R.F., F.W Allendorf and K.L. Knudsen. 1983. Developmental stability and enzyme heterozygosity in rainbow trout. Nature (Lond.), 301: 71–72. Leary, R.F., and F.W Allendorf. 1989. Fluctuating asymmetry as an indicator of stress: implications for conservation biology. Trends Ecol. Evol. 4: 214–217. Lemire, B. 2005. Mitochondrial genetics. WormBook, ed. The C. elegans Research Community,WormBook,doi/10.1895/wormbook.1.25.1, http://www.wormbook.org. Lizama, de los A.P. and A.M. Ambrósio. 2002. Condition factor in nine species of fish of the characidae family in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain, Brazil. Braz J Biol. 62(1): 113-124. MacCrimmon, H.R and R.R. Clayton. 1985. Meristic and morphometric identity of Baltic stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar). Can. J. ZooL 63: p. 2032-2037. Madang, K. 1999. Morfologi, habitat dan keragaman genetik kerabat ikan belida (Malacopterygii: Notopteridae) di perairan Sumatera Selatan. Tesis. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Mno. 2005. Makanan untuk perlindungan mata. http://www.promosi kesehatan.com/tips?nid=74. Moyle, P.B and J.J. Cech. 1996. Fishes an Introduction to Ichthyology. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Muladno. 2006. Aplikasi Teknologi Molekuler dalam Upaya Peningkatan Produktivitas Hewan. Pelatihan Teknik Diagnostik Molekuler untuk Peningkatan Produksi Peternakan dan Perikanan di Kawasan Timur Indonesia. Kerjasama Pusat Studi Ilmu Hayati, Lembaga Penelitian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Direktorat Jendral Pendidikan Tinggi Depdiknas, Bogor. Mustafa, S. 1999. Genetic In Sustainable Fisheries Management. Fishing Newbooks. London, 223 p. Mustakim, M. 2008. Kajian kebiasaan makan dan kaitannya dengan aspek reproduksi ikan betok (Anabas testudineus Bloch) pada habitat yang berbeda di lingkungan Danau Melintang Kutai Kartanegara Kalimantan Timur [tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 73 hlm. Needham, J.G and D.R. Needham. 1962. Freshwater biology. Holden Day Inc. Sanfransisco. P. 108. Nei, M. 1987. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics. Colombia University Press. Nelson, J.S. 1976. Fishes of The World. Willey. New York. Nikolsky, G.V. 1963. The Ecology of Fishes. Academic Press. New York. Nurhidayat MA. 2000. Fluktuasi asimetri dan abnormalitas pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) yang berasal dari tiga daerah sentra budidaya di Pulau Jawa [tesis]. Program Pascasarjana. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 12-23 hlm. Odum E. P. 1963. Fundamental of Ecology.W.B. Sounder Company Philadelphia. Olurin, K.B and O.A. Aderibigbe. 2006. Length-weight relationship and condition factor of pond reared juvenile Oreochromis niloticus. World Journal of Zoology. 1(2): 82-85. Oymak As., K. Solak and E. Unlu. 2001. Some biological characteristics of Silurus triostegus Heckel 1843 from Ataturk Dam Lake (Turkey). Turk Journal Zool. 25: 139-148.
147
Paugy D. 2002. Reproduction strategies of fishes in a tropical temporary stream of the Upper Senegal Basin. Baoule River in Mali. Aquatic Living Resources. 15: 2535. Ping, Y., Z. Hao., C. Li-qiao., Y. Jin-yun., Y. Na., G. Zhi-min and S. Da-xiang. 2007. Genetic structure of the oriental river prawn (Macrobrachium nipponense) from Yangtze and Lancang River, inferred from COI gene sequence. Zoological Research, 28(2): 113-118 Pinkas L, M.S. Oliphant, I.L.K. Iverson. 1971. Food habits of albacore, bluefin tuna, and bonito in California waters. Calif Dep Fish Game Fish Bull 152:1–105. Polzin, T and S.V. Daneshmand. 2004. Steiner (MP) algorithm. Fluxus Technology. http://www.fluxus-technology.com/. Primack, R.B., J.Supriatna, M. Indrawan dan P. Kramadibrata. 1998. Biologi Konservasi. Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta 345 hal. Purnomo, K dan E.S. Kartamihardja. 2005. Pertumbuhan, Mortalitas, dan Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Tawes (Barbodes gonionotus) di Waduk Wonogiri. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 11 (2): 1-8. Rainboth W.J. 1996. Fishes of the Cambodian Mekong. FAO, Rome. Reynolds J.D., S. Jenning and N.K. Dulvy. 2001. Life history of history of fishes and population responses to exploitation. John Wiley and Sons, Inc, Pp: 148-168. Salam, A. and Z. Sharif. 1997. Body composition and meat quality studies of some riverine commercial fishes. M.Sc. Thesis, B. Z. Univ. Multan. Sarkar,U.K., R.S. Negi, P.K. Deepak, W.S Lakra and S.K. Paul. 2008. Biological Parameters of The Endangered Fish Chitala chitala (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae) Fom Some Indian Rivers. Fisheries Research. 90 (2008): 170177. Satria, H. dan E.S. Kartamihardja. 2002. Distribusi Panjang Total dan Kebiasaan Makanan Yuwana Ikan Payangka (Ophiocara porocephala). Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia, Edisi Sumberdaya dan Penangkapan 8(1):4150. Schaeffer, K. M. 1991. Geografic variation in morphometric characters and gill- raker counts in yellow fin tuna (Tunnus albacares) from pacific ocean. Fish Buletin. 89 : p. 289-297. Seymour, A. 1959. Effects of temperature upon the formation of vertebrae and fin rays in young chinook salmon. Trans. Amer. Fish. Soc. 88: p. 58-69. Sharp, J.C., K.W. Able., W.C. Legget and J.E. Carscaden. 1978. Utility of meristic and morphometric characters for identification of capelin (Mallotus vilotus) stocks in Canadian Atlantic waters. J. Fish. Res.Bd. Can.,35:124-130. Simanjuntak, C.P.H. 2007. Reproduksi ikan selain, Ompok hypophthalmus (Bleeker) berkaitan dengan perubahan hidromorphologi perairan di rawa banjiran Sungai Kampar Kiri (Tesis). Bogor. Program Pascasarjana IPB. Siregar, S. 1989. Kemungkinan Pembudidayaan Ikan Kapiek (Puntius schwanefeldi Blkr.) dari Sungai Kampar, Riau [Tesis]. Fakultas Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. 19 hlm. Siregar, R.P.A.. 2004. Aspek biologi reproduksi induk ikan patin kunyit (Pangasius kunyit) di perairan Sungai Kampar Propinsi Riau [Tesis]. Sekolah Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor.
148
Slatkin, M. 1987. Gene flow and geographic structure of natural populations. Science, (236): 787–792. Smith, M.H and R.K. Chesser. 1981. Rationale for Conserving Genetic Variation of Fish Gene Pool. Ecol. Bull (Stockholm) 23: p.119-130. Soewardi, K. 2007. Pengelolaan Keragaman Genetik Sumberdaya Perikanan dan Kelautan. Departemen MSP IPB. Bogor. 153 hal. Spare, P. dan S.C. Venema. 1999. Introduksi Pengkajian Stok Ikan Tropis. Buku 1: Manual. Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan, Penerjemah. Jakarta: Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perikanan. Sprent, P. 1972. The Mathematics of size and shape. Biometrics 28 :p. 23-37. Stearns, S.C. 1983. A Natural Experiment in Life-history Evolution: Field data on the introduction of Mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) to Hawaii. Evolution, 37: p.601-617. Sudarto, 2003. Systematic revision and phylogenetic relationships among population of clariid species in Southeast Asia. Doctor Dissertation University of Indonesia. 371 p. Sukendi. 2001. Biologi reproduksi dan pengendaliannya dalam upaya pembenihan ikan baung (Mystus nemurus CV) dari perairan Sungai Kampar, Riau [disertasi]. Program Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor. Sulistiono. 1998. Fishery biology of whitings, Sillago japonica and Sillago sihama. [Thesis]. Japan. Thesis submitted to Tokyo University of Fisheries. Sunarno, M.T.D. 2002. Selamatkan plasma nutfah ikan belida. Warta Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia 8(4): hal 2-6. _______________, Rupawan dan S. Suryaningrat. 2003. Domestikasi Ikan Belida di Kolam Patra Tani. Laporan Teknis Balai Riset Perikanan Perairan Umum. Palembang. Takagi, A.P., S. Ishikawa, T. Nao., S. Hort., M. Nakatani, M. Nishida and H. Kurokura. 2006. Genetic differentiation of the bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus between Mekong River and Tonle Sap Lake population by mitochondrial DNA analysis. Fisheries Science. (72): 750-754 Talwar, K.P and A.G. Jhingran. 1991 Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH, New Delhi. Tamura K., J. Dudley, M. Nei and S. Kumar. 2007. MEGA4: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software version 4.0. Molecular Biology and Evolution 10.1093/molbev/msm092. Tschibwabwa, S. M. 1997. Systematic of African species of genera Labeo (Telestei, Cyprinidae) in the ichthyological region of lower Guinea and Congo. PhD Dissertation. Namur. Utomo, A.D., S. Adjie and Asyari. 1990. Aspek biologi ikan lais di perairan lubuk lampam Sumatera Selatan. Bull Penel Perik Darat, 2: 105-111. Van Valen, L. 1962. A study of fluctuating asymmetry. Evolution 16:p.125-142. Voris, H.K. 2000. Maps of Pleistocene sea levels in Southeast Asia: shorelines, river systems and time durations. Journal of Biogeography, 27: 1153-1167. Waddington, C.H. 1942. Canalization of development and the inheritance of acquired characters. Nature (Lond.), 150: 563–565.
149
Walpole, R.E. 1995. Pengantar Statistika (Terjemahan oleh Bambang Sumantri). PT Gramedia. Jakarta. Waltner, C.M. 1988. Electhrporetic, Morphometric, And Meristic Comparison Of Walleye Broadstock In South Dakota. Thesis. South Dakota State University, 86 p. Weber, M. and L.F. DeBeaufort. 1913. The Fishes of Indo-Australia Archipelago III. Brill. Leiden. Welcomme, R.L. 1979. Fisheries Ecology of Floodplain River. Longman. London, 317 p. _____________. 2001. Inland Fisheries: Ecology and Management. Blackwell Science Ltd. London. xvii+353 hal. Wibowo, A. dan M. T. D. Sunarno. 2006. Karakteristik Habitat Ikan Belida (Notoptera chitala). Buletin Bawal “Widya Riset Perikanan Tangkap” 1 (1):9-24. __________. M.T.D. Sunarno dan Subagdja. 2008a. Variasi karakter meristik ikan belida (Chitala spp) di Perairan Umum Provinsi Riau. Prosiding Seminaskan UGM.Yogyakarta. __________, M.T.D. Sunarno., S. Makmur dan Subagja. 2008b. Identifikasi struktur stok ikan belida (Chitala spp.) dan implikasinya untuk manajemen populasi alami. Jurnal Penelitian Perikanan Indonesia. 14(1): h.32. Wilkins, N.P., E. Gosling, A. Curatolo, A. Linnane, C. Jordan and H.P. Courtney. 1995. Fluctuating asymmetry in Atlantic salmon, European trout and their hybrids, including triploids. Aquaculture 137: 77-85. Woynarovich, E and L. Horvath. 1980. The artificial propagation of warm water finish a manual for extention. FAO. Fisheries Technical Paper No. 20 FIR/.20. Yuliani, W. 2009. Kebiasaan Ikan Tilan ( Mastacembelus erythrotaenia, Bleeker 1850) di Sungai Musi, Sumatera Selatan (Skripsi). Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan . Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Institut Pertanian Bogor. 53 hal.
