Bab 3: Protokol dan Komunikasi Jaringan Jaringan Komputer Heribertus Yulianton
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Kerangka Bab
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1. Aturan Komunikasi 2. Protokol dan Standar Jaringan 3. Mengirim Data dalam Jaringan
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Bagian 3.1: Aturan Komunikasi Setelah menyelesaikan bagian ini, anda harus dapat: ● Menjelaskan macam-macam aturan yang diperlukan untuk berkomunikasi yang berhasil.
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Topik 3.1.1: Aturan
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Dasar-dasar Berkomunikasi Komunikasi manusia
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Dasar-dasar Berkomunikasi Komunikasi komputer
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Pembentukan Aturan
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Pembentukan Aturan
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Encoding Pesan
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Encoding Pesan
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Pemformatan dan Enkapsulasi Pesan
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Pemformatan dan Enkapsulasi Pesan Contoh: Surat pribadi berisi unsur-unsur berikut: ● Identitas penerima ● Salam atau ucapan selamat ● Isi pesan ● Kalimat penutup ● Identitas pengirim
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Pemformatan dan Enkapsulasi Pesan
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Ukuran Pesan Komunikasi manusia
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Ukuran Pesan Komunikasi Komputer ● Host sumber memecah pesan panjang menjadi potongan-potongan atau frame individu yang memenuhi baik persyaratan ukuran minimal maupun maksimal. ● Setiap frame juga akan memiliki informasi pengalamatan sendiri ● Pada host penerima, potongan direkonstruksi untuk diproses dan ditafsirkan. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Pemilihan Waktu Pesan Aturan Pelaksanaan: ● Metode Akses ● Kendali aliran ● Batas waktu respon
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Pilihan Pengiriman Pesan
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Pilihan Pengiriman Pesan
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Bagian 3.2: Protokol dan Standar Jaringan Setelah menyelesaikan bagian ini, anda harus dapat: ● Menjelaskan mengapa protokol diperlukan dalam komunikasi. ● Menjelaskan tujuan menaati rangkaian protokol ● Menjelaskan peran organisasi standar dalam membangun protokol untuk interoperabilitas jaringan. ● Menjelaskan bagaimana model TCP/IP dan model OSI digunakan untuk memfasilitasi standarisasi dalam proses komunikasi. © 2013 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
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Topik 3.2.1: Protokol
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Aturan yang Mengarahkan Komunikasi
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Protokol Jaringan • Peran protokol • Bagaimana pesan diformat atau distrukturkan • Proses tempat perangkat jaringan berbagi informasi tentang jalur dengan jaringan lain • Bagaimana dan kapan pesan kesalahan dan pesan sistem dilewatkan di antara perangkat • Penyiapan dan pemutusan sesi transfer data
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Interaksi Protokol Interaksi protokol dalam komunikasi antara web server dan klien web.
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Topik 3.2.2: Rangkaian Protokol
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Rangkaian Protokol dan Standar Industri
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Pengembangan TCP/IP
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Rangkaian Protokol TCP/IP
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Proses Komunikasi TCP/IP Operasi protokol - Mengirim pesan
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Proses Komunikasi TCP/IP Operasi protokol - Menerima pesan
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Topik 3.2.3: Organisasi Standar
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Standar Terbuka
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Standar Internet ISOC, IAM, IETF, dan IRTF
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Standar Internet IANA dan ICANN
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Organisasi Standar Elektronik dan Komunikasi Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
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Organisasi Standar Elektronik dan Komunikasi Standar EIA/TIA
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Topik 3.2.4: Model Referensi
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Manfaat Menggunakan Model Berlapis
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Model Referensi OSI
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Model Protokol TCP/IP
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Perbandingan Model OSI dan Model TCP/IP
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Bagian 3.3: Mengirim Data dalam Jaringan Setelah menyelesaikan bagian ini, anda harus dapat: ● Menjelaskan bagaimana enkapsulasi data memungkinkan data dikirim melalui jaringan. ● Menjelaskan bagaimana host lokal mengakses sumber daya lokal pada jaringan.
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Topik 3.3.1: Enkapsulasi Data
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Segmentasi Pesan
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Segmentasi Pesan
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Mengkomunikasikan Pesan Segmentasi Pesan: • Memungkinkan banyak percakapan yang berbeda untuk diinterleave • Meningkatkan efisiensi komunikasi jaringan • Menambah kompleksitas
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Protocol Data Units Enkapsulasi • Data • Segment • Packet • Frame • Bits
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Contoh Enkapsulasi
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De-enkapsulasi
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Topik 3.3.2: Mengakses Data
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Alamat Jaringan Alamat Jaringan dan Alamat Data Link
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Alamat Jaringan Alamat Jaringan Layer 3
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Alamat Data Link Alamat Jaringan • Alamat IP sumber • Alamat IP tujuan • Bertanggung jawab untuk mengirim paket IP dari sumber aslinya ke tujuan akhir, baik di jaringan yang sama atau ke jaringan remote. Alamat Data Link • Alamat Data Link Sumber • Alamat Data Link Tujuan • Bertanggung jawab untuk mengirimkan frame data link dari satu kartu antarmuka jaringan (NIC) ke NIC lain pada jaringan yang sama
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Alamat Link Alamat Data Data Link Layer 2
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Alamat Data Link Alamat Data Link Layer 2
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Perangkat pada Jaringan yang Sama
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Perangkat pada Jaringan yang Sama • Peran alamat layer jaringan Bagian jaringan dari alamat IP - bagian paling kiri dari alamat yang menunjukkan alamat ip tersebut anggota jaringan yang mana. Bagian host - Bagian yang tersisa dari alamat yang mengidentifikasi perangkat tertentu pada jaringan. • Alamat IP sumber - Alamat IP perangkat pengirim • Alamat IP tujuan - Alamat IP perangkat penerima • Peran alamat layer Data Link Alamat MAC sumber - adalah alamat Data Link, atau alamat MAC Ethernet, perangkat pengirim Alamat MAC tujuan - Bila perangkat penerima berada pada jaringan yang sama dengan perangkat pengirim, ini adalah alamat data link dari perangkat penerima.
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Perangkat pada Jaringan Remote
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Perangkat pada Jaringan Remote Peran Alamat layer Jaringan • Alamat IP sumber dan tujuan akan mewakili host pada jaringan yang berbeda ditunjukkan oleh bagian jaringan yang berbeda dari alamat sumber dan tujuan. Peran Alamat layer Data link • Alamat MAC tujuan - Ketika perangkat penerima berada pada jaringan yang berbeda dengan perangkat pengirim, perangkat pengirim menggunakan alamat Ethernet MAC dari default gateway atau router.
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Thank you.
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