AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 3 GENDING PROBOLINGGO
THESIS This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Master Degree in Educational Policy and Development
BY: LUFI KARTIKA SARI 08370049
EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2013
AN ANALYSIS ON TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE AT SMP MUHAMMADIYAH 3 GENDING PROBOLINGGO
THESIS This thesis is submitted to meet one of the requirements to achieve Master Degree in Educational Policy and Development
BY: LUFI KARTIKA SARI 08370049
EDUCATIONAL POLICY AND DEVELOPMENT UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2013
TABLE OF CONTENT APPROVAL………………………………………………………………..
i
LEGALIZATION………………………………………………………….
ii
DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY…………………………………….
iii
MOTTO…………………………………………………………………….
iv
DEDICATION…………………………………………………………….
v
ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………..
vi
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………………………
vii
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………..
viii
CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Research ……………………………………………
1
1.2 Statement of the Research ………………………………………………
7
1.3 Purpose of the Research ………………………………………………...
8
1.4 Significance of the Research ……………………………………………
8
1.5 Scope and Limitation …………………………………………………...
9
1.6 Definition of the Key Terms …………………………………………....
9
CHAPTER II REVIEW OF LITERATURE 2.1 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………………..
10
2.1.1 Policy ……………………………………………………………
10
1. Policy Process …………………………………………………...
11
2. Policy Analysis ………………………………………………….
17
2.1.2 Educational Policy ………………………………………………
19
1. Policies Concerning Teachers’ Professional Competence ………
20
2. Policies
Concerning
the
Standard
of
Teachers’
Professional
Competence in Junior High School ……………………………..
22
2.2 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK ……………………………………...
29
2.2.1 Professional Competence ………………………………………..
29
a. The Definition of Professional Competence …………………….
29
b. Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………………….
31
c. The Standards of Teachers’ Professional Competence ………….
32
2.2.2 School Policy …………………………………………………….
34
a. The Definition of School Policy ………………………………....
34
b. School Policies Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence ………………………………………..
36
c. The Previous Researches about School Policies Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence ………
39
2.2.3 Supporting Factors Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………………………………..
42
1. Internal Supporting Factors ……………………………………..
42
2. External Supporting Factors …………………………………….
43
2.2.4 Inhibiting Factors Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………………………………..
44
1. Internal Inhibiting Factors ………………………………………
44
2. External Inhibiting Factors ……………………………………...
45
2.2.5 Previous Researches
about Supporting and
Inhibiting Factors
Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence ………………………………………………………………………
46
2.3 THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THE RESEARCH …………………….
48
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1. Research Design ……………………………………………………….
49
3.2. Setting ………………………………………………………………….
49
3.3. Subject and Object of the Research ……………………………………
50
3.4. Instrument ……………………………………………………………..
50
1. Observation ………………………………………………………..
50
2. Interview …………………………………………………………..
51
3. Document ……………………………………………………….....
51
3.5. The Source of Data ……………………………………………………
52
3.6. Data Collection ………………………………………………………..
52
3.7. Data Analysis ……………………………………………………….....
54
3.8. Reliability and Validity ………………………………………………..
56
3.9. The Criteria of Professional Teachers …………………………………
57
CHAPTER IV FINDING AND DISCUSSION 4.1. Findings ………………………………………………………………..
60
4.1.1. Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………….............
60
4.1.2. School Policy Concerning the Enhancement of Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………………………..............................
73
4.1.3. Supporting Factors Concerning the Enhancement of the Teachers’ Professional Competence ………………………………………
78
1. Internal Supporting Factors ……………………………........
78
2. External Supporting Factors …………………………….......
78
4.1.4. Inhibiting Factors Concerning The Enhancement Of The Teachers’ Professional Competence …………………………………........
79
1. Internal Inhibiting Factors …………………………………..
79
2. External Inhibiting Factors ………………………………….
81
4.1.5. Solutions ………………………………………………………..
82
4.2. Discussion …………………………………………………………….
84
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1. Conclusion …………………………………………………………...
89
5.2. Suggestions …………………………………………………………..
91
5.2.1. The School ……………………………………………………..
91
5.2.2. Private MKKS and MGMP Community ……………………....
91
5.2.3. Local Government ……………………………………………..
92
5.2.4. Further Research………………………………………………..
92
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIX I APPENDIX II APPENDIX III
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Ahdinirwanto, R. Wakhid & Sayogyani, Ida Ayu. (2009). Cara Mudah Mengembangkan Profesi Guru. Yogyakarta: Sabda Media dan Pengurus Wilayah Agupena DIY. Alma, Buchari. (2009). Guru Profesional, Menguasai Metode dan Terampil Mengajar. Bandung: Penerbit ALFABET. Aqib, Zainal. (2008). Standar Kualifikasi – Kompetensi – Sertifikasi Guru – Kepala Sekolah – Pengawas (Source from DEPDIKNAS RI). Bandung: Penerbit Yrama Widya. Barizi, Ahmad. (2010). Menjadi Guru Unggul, Bagaimana Menciptakan Pembelajaran yang Produktif dan Profesional. In Ahmad Barizi and Muhammad Idris (Eds). Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media. Berg, B. L. (2007). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences Sixth Edition. USA: Pearson Education, Inc. Brouwer, N., & Korthagen, F. (Spring 2005). Can Teacher Education make a Difference?. American Educational Research Journal, 42 (1), 153-224. USA: American Educational Research Association. Retrieved July 18, 2011 03:47 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/3699458. Cresswell, J. W. (1994). Research Design Qualitative and Quantitative Approach. London: Thousand Oaks & New Delhi: Sage Publications, International Educational and Professional Publisher. Denzin, N.K. (1970). The Research Act in Sociology. Chicago: Aldine. Dunn, William. 1981. Public Policy Analysis: An Introduction. USA: PrenticeHall, Inc.) Dye, T.R. (2002). Understanding Public Policy.Tenth edition. New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. Hogwood, B. W., & Gunn, L. A. (1984). Policy Analysis for the Real World. New York, USA: Oxford University Press. Kusnandar. (2010). Guru Profesional, Implementasi KTSP. Jakarta: PT Rajawali Pers. Lester, J. P. and Stewart, JR., J. (2000). Public Policy: An Evolutionary Approach. USA: Wadsworth Thomson Learning
Lutz, W. D. (1994). The Cambridge Thesaurus of American English. USA: cambridge university press. Mujtahid. (2009). Pengembangan Profesi Guru. Malang: UIN Malang Press Mulyasa. (2008). Standar Kompetensi dan Sertifikasi Guru. Bandung: PT Remaja ROSDAKARYA. Mulyasa. (2009). Menjadi Guru Profesional Menciptakan Pembelajaran Kreatif dan Menyenangkan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Muslich, Mansur. (2007). Sertifikasi Guru Menuju Profesionalisme Pendidik. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Parkay, F. W., & Stanford, B. H. (2008). Menjadi Seorang Guru Edisi Ketujuh. Jakarta: PT Indeks. Parsons, W., (2001). Public Policy: Pengantar Teori dan Praktik Analisis Kebijakan. Jakarta: Prenada Media. Partin, R. L. (2005). Kiat Nyaman Mengajar di dalam Kelas Edisi Kedua. Jakarta: PT Indeks. Routledge, S. A., Harris, D. N., & Ingle, W. K. (2010, February). How Principals “Bridge and Buffer” the New Demands of Teacher Quality and Accountability: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of Teacher Hiring. American Journal of Education, 116(2), 211-242. USA: The University of Chicago Press. Retrieved July 17, 2011 07:27 from http://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/649492. . Rusman. (2011). Manajemen Kurikulum. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Saud, U. S. (2009). Pengembangan Profesi Guru. Bandung: ALFABETA. Sekarningsih. (2011). Analisis Kebijakan Pembinaan Peningkatan Kinerja Guru di SMP 1 Purwoharjo Banyuawangi. Thesis unpublished Education Policy and Development, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Sirajuddin, Y. W. (2007). Analisis Kebijakan Tenaga Kependidikan: Studi Kasus Guru Rangkap Mata Pelajaran di SMP Negeri 1 Saketa Kec Gare Barat kabupaten Halmahera Selatan Propinsi Maluku Utara. Thesis unpublished Education Policy and Development, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
Spicker, P. (1995). Social Policy: Themes and Approaches. England: Prentice Hall.) Sugiyono. (2010). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan; Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualtitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: ALFABETA. Suryo, M., Hasim, A., & Suwarno, R. S. (2002). Landasan Pendidikan: Menjadi Guru yang Baik. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia. The 2011 Human Development Report (The United Nations Development Programme). (November 2011). International Human Development Indicators. Retrieved January 26, 2012 8.49 from http://hdr.undp.org/en/statistics/ Trianto. (2010). Pengantar Penelitian Pendidikan Bagi Pengembangan Profesi Pendidikan Dan Tenaga Kependidikan. In Titik Triwulan Tutik (Ed). Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group. Triono, A. (2010). Peningkatan Kompetensi Pedagogik dan Professional Guru dalam Perspektif Permendiknas No 16 Tahun 2007 di Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 1 Suboh Kabupaten Situbondo. Thesis unpublished Education Policy and Development, University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Uno, H. B. (2007). Profesi Kependidikan, Problema, Solusi, dan Reformasi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara. Wahab, S.A. (1999). Analisis Kebijakan Publik, Teori dan Aplikasinya. Malang: brawijaya university press Wahab, S. A. (2008). Pengantar Analisis Kebijakan Publik. Malang: UMM Press. Wibawa, S. (1994). Kebijakan Publik: Proses dan Analisis. Benyamin Molan (Ed). Jakarta: Intermedia. Wikipedia. (2012). Policy. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. retrieved February 20, 2012 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Policy Yamin, M. (2007). Desain Pembelajaran Berbasis Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press. Yamin, M. (2009). Profesionalisasi Guru dan Implementasi KTSP. Jakarta: Gaung Persada Press. Yin, R. K. (2011). Studi Kasus Desain dan Metode. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada
Yuseta, K. (2009). Perencanaan dan Implementasi Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri di Kabupaten Malang (Studi Kasus pada SMP Negeri 1 Singosari dan SMP N 3 Bantur). Thesis unpublished Education Policy and Development, University of Muhammadiyah Malang.
