AN ANALYSIS OF MAXIM FLOUTING IN RESEARCH METHOD LINGUISTICS I STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS A THESIS
by
Leo Galuh Mitra Hartono Student Number :05.80.0002
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2009
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AN ANALYSIS OF MAXIM FLOUTING IN RESEARCH METHOD LINGUISTICS I STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS
A Thesis Presented as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement to Obtain the Sarjana Degree in English Letters Study Programme
by
Leo Galuh Mitra Hartono Student Number :05.80.0002
ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME FACULTY OF LETTERS SOEGIJAPRANATA CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY SEMARANG 2009
2
A THESIS ON
AN ANALYSIS OF MAXIM FLOUTING IN RESEARCH METHOD LINGUISTICS I STUDENTS’ PRESENTATIONS
by
LEO GALUH MITRA HARTONO Student Number
: 05.80.0002
Approved by:
October 19th, 2010
Heny Hartono, SS., M. Pd. Major Sponsor
October 19th, 2010
Drs. Y E Budiyana, MA Co-Sponsor
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A thesis defended in front of the board of Examiners on October 29th, 2009 and declared acceptable.
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chair Person : Heny Hartono, SS., M. Pd. Secretary
: Drs. Y E Budiyana, MA
Member
: Emilia Ninik Aydawati, SP., M.Hum
Semarang, October 19th, 2010 English Letters Study Programme Faculty of Letters Soegijapranata Catholic University Dean,
Heny Hartono, SS., M. Pd. 058.1.1998.221
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First of all, I would like to thank my Jesus Christ, the Almighty God. He gives me courage and responsibility as an individual. His blessing and mercy make me strong to face my life. He teaches me how to be an adult and responsible man. Since my beloved father passed away, Jesus has been the Savior and Father of mine. He is my faithful Father to help me finish this thesis. He is also the best person for me to share my story of my twenty two years old that has a lot of unforgettable experiences. Happiness, sadness, depression, joy, tears and love are those that He gives me. Thank Jesus for never stopping blessing and giving me courage. Secondly, I would like to express thousands of thanks to Mrs. Heny Hartono SS., M.Pd. and Drs. Y E. Budiyana, MA. They patiently supported me so I could finish my thesis. Without their advices and support, I can not imagine what I am going to be because I almost surrender in finishing this thesis. I push my self so hard to finish this last assignment in this university. So based on that reason, I do really thank you all. I believe that the Almighty Jesus Christ would bless you all. I would like to say a very big sorry to my beloved father Antonius Totok Hartono who passed away on 31 October 2007 because I could not graduate at the right time. Now I have to take your responsibility as “the gold digger” for mother, Bunga and Bulan. I almost give up with all of these house-hold things. Now you have taught me how to be an adult man. I hope you will be proud of me.
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I would like to say thousands of thanks to my family especially for their support and loves, to my mom who always reminds me to graduate soon and get a job. Thank to my sister, Priscilla Bunga Apriliani for the wise words especially her phrase “Post Power Syndrome”. It reminds me to stop joining many activities in college as the participants or the committee and Natalia Bulan Retno Palupi who reminds me to graduate soon by giving me the school fee. The next is for “Awaken the Giant Within” Student Self Development of Unika Soegijapranata community. Thank you so much for supporting and couraging me. All of you are my second family in my life with whom I can share my experience. You give smile, laughter, love, and support that really help me during these two years before I graduate. Long live to “Awaken the Giant Within” Student Self Development of Unika Soegijapranata community. Finally, my thanks go to Mateus Sutikno and JP. Didit who always accept me in Wakil Rektor III’s room. Guys, you helped me a lot especially by allowing me to print this whole thesis from Research Method I until the completion of my thesis. Then for my lovely girl, Irene Abigail, thank you so much for your love, patience and understanding during this relationship. For my friends in Faculty of Letters 2005, I should apologize for not being able to mention your names one by one. Big thanks also go to you, guys, because you made me happy during four and half years. It is difficult for me to find friends like you, guys. I love you guys. May God help you finish the thesis.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
iii
ABSTRACT
vi
ABSTRAK
vii
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1
1.1
Background of the Study
1
1.2
Field of the Study
3
1.3
Scope of the Study
3
1.4
Research Questions
3
1.5
Objectives of the Study
3
1.6
Significance of the Study
4
1.7
Definitions of Terms
4
CHAPTER II 2.1
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Speech Acts
6 6
2.1.1 The Conversational Implicature
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2.1.2
Grice Theory’s of Implicature
9
2.1.3
The Cooperative Principle
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2.1.4 The Nature of Maxim
14
2.2
Preparing the Presentation
16
2.3
Communication Skills
20
CHAPTER III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
7
24
3.1
Method of Research
24
3.2
Participants
24
3.3
Instrument
25
3.4
Procedures of Collecting and Analyzing Data
25
CHAPTER IV 4.1
27
DATA ANALYSIS AND INTEPRETATION
Kinds of Flouting of Maxim Appears in Research Method Linguistics 1 Students’ Presentations
27
4.1.1 Flouting of Maxim of Quality
29
4.1.2 Flouting of Maxim of Quantity
35
4.1.3 Flouting of Maxim of Manner
39
4.2
Kinds of Maxim of Flouting Mostly Which Appear in Research Method Linguistics 1 Students’ Presentations
CHAPTER V
46
CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTIONS
49
5.1
Conclusion
49
5.2
Suggestions
50
Bibliography
52
Appendices
53
a. Figure 1 Table of Phrases used in Formal and Informal Speech
a
b. Figure 2 Table of Participants’ Conversational Maxim Flouting
b
c. Figure 3 Table of Flouting of Maxim Quality
c
d. Figure 4 Table of Flouting of Maxim Quantity
d
e. Figure 5 Table of Flouting of Maxim Manner
e
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f. Figure 6 Table of Percentage of Flouting of Maxim in Research Method in i
Linguistics 1 Students’ Presentations g. Transcription of Speaker 1
j
h. Transcription of Speaker 2
l
i. Transcription of Speaker 3
n
j. Transcription of Speaker 4
p
k. Transcription of Speaker 5
s
l. Transcription of Speaker 6
u
m. Transcription of Speaker 7
w
n. Transcription of Speaker 8
y
o. Transcription of Speaker 9
aa
p. Transcription of Speaker 10
ad
q. Transcription of Speaker 11
af
r. Transcription of Speaker 12
ag
s. Transcription of Speaker 13
ai
t. Transcription of Speaker 14
al
u. Transcription of Speaker 15
an
v. Transcription of Speaker 16
ap
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ABSTRACT
There are many ways people do in order to deliver their ideas. People deliver their ideas in written and orally. Speech is one of the communication ways used by people to deliver their ideas or messages so other people can understand them. In speech, surely there are unwritten rules that make the conversation effective and efficient. That rule made by Grice about Grice Conversational Maxim (Yule, 1996:37) that contains four principles which are quality, quantity, manner, and relevant. Therefore, this study analyzes the maxim flouting in Research Method 1 students’ presentations and find out the kinds of the maxim flouting that mostly occur in Research Method Linguistics 1 students’ presentations. The writer chose 16 students from the total 19 students presenting their research proposal in Research Method I in Linguistics. In order to analyze the data, the writer uses Grice Conversational Maxim as the main theory. The result of the study shows that the students did maxim flouting of manner 47 times (73.43%) because the students gave ambiguous sentences, unnecessary repetitions and their speeches were not brief and order. The students did maxim flouting of quantity 11 times (17.18%) because the students gave information without any evidence. Then, the students did maxim flouting of quantity six times (9.37%) because the students gave information that is not required by the audiences. The students did those maxims flouting unintentionally. Last, the writer does not find maxim flouting of relevant (0%) because the students use maxim of relevant so their presentations run smoothly.
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ABSTRAK
Manusia melakukan berbagai macam cara untuk mengemukakan pendapat mereka. Manusia mengemukakan pendapat mereka melalui tulisan atau lisan. Berbicara adalah cara yang terbaik dilakukan manusia untuk menyampaikan pesan atau ide mereka agar dapat dipahami oleh orang lain. Dalam berbicara tentunya ada peraturan yang tidak tertulis agar tercipta suatu pembicaraan yang efektif dan efisien. Peraturan tersebut diciptakan oleh Grice mengenai Conversational Maxim yang meliputi empat kategori yaitu, quality, quantity, manner dan relevant. Oleh karena itu, skripsi ini bertujuan untuk mencari pelanggaran maksim apa saja yang muncul ketika orang berbicara di depan umum dan pelanggaran maksim apa yang sering muncul dalam pembicaraan tersebut. Penulis memilih 16 mahasiswa dari jumlah total 19 mahasiswa melakukan presentasi Research Method I in Linguistics sebagai subjek penelitian. Teori yang digunakan untuk menganalisa adalah Conversational Maxim Grice. Dari hasil yang didapat oleh penulis sebanyak 64 data (100%), beberapa mahasiswa sering melanggar maksim manner sebanyak 47 pelanggaran (73,43%) karena beberapa mahasiswa berbicara hal yang ambigu, pengulangan dan pembicaraan yang tidak efisien. Beberapa mahasiswa melanggar maksim quality sebanyak 11 pelanggaran (17,18%) karena beberapa mahasiswa berbicara tanpa dukungan bukti yang kuat. Lalu, beberapa mahasiswa melanggar maksim quantity sebanyak enam pelanggaran (9,37%) karena beberapa mahasiswa memberikan informasi yang tidak dibutuhkan para hadirin. Semua pelanggaran tersebut dilakukan para mahasiswa secara tidak disengaja Terakhir, penulis tidak menemukan pelanggaran maksim relevant (0%) sebab para mahasiswa menggunakan maksim relevant untuk memperlancar presentasi mereka.
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