DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Abalaka, S.E. 2013. Evaluation of the haematology and biochemistry of Clarias gariepinus as biomakers of environmental pollution in Tiga Dam Nigeria. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 56:371-376. Abdulkhalek, N.K.M., V.H. Zaki and M.A.A. Yousef. 2008. Effect of some immunostimulants on health status and disease resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). International Symposium on Tilapia in Aquaculture, 1074-1088. Abreu, J.S., C.M. Marzocchi-Machado., A.C. Urbaczek., L.M. Fonseca and E.C. Urbinati. 2009. Leukocytes respiratory burst and lysozyme level in Pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887). Brazilian Journal Biology, 69:11331139. Acharya, G and P.K. Mohanty. 2012. Haematological and serum biochemical parameters in diferent sexes of Walking catfish Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758). International Journal of Science and Research, 3:1914-1917. Adewoye, S.O. 2010. Haematological and biochemical changes in Clarias gariepinus exposed to Trephosia vogelii extract. Pelagia Research Library, 1:74-79. Affandi, R dan U.M. Tang. 2002. Fisiologi Hewan Air. Universitas Riau Press. Riau. 217. Agbabiaka, L.A., F.N. Madubuike and B.U. Ekenyem. 2013.Haematology and serum characteristics of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus B) feed graded levels on tigernut based diet. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 3:988-995. Ahmadi, K., M. Banaee., A.R. Vosoghei., A.R. Mirvaghefei and B. Ataeimehr. 2012. Evaluation of the immunomodulatory effects of Silymarin extract (Silybum marianum) on some immune parameters of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Acta Ichthyologica Et Piscatoria, 42:113-120. Ahmadifar, E., G.A. Takami and M. Sudagar. 2009. Gowth performance, survival and immunostimulation of Beluga (Huso-huso) juvenile following dietary administration of alginic acid (Ergosan). Pakistan Journal of Nutrition, 8:227-232. Akinrotimi, O.A., U.U. Gabriel and S.V. Ariweriokuma. 2012. Haematotoxicity of Cypermethrin to African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) under laboratory conditions. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Technology, 1:20-25. Akinyemi A.A., S.O. Obasa., A.O. Agbon., F.I. Adeosun., W.O. Abdul and A.A. Idowu. Haematological parameters of infected an non-infected cultured Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1882) broodstock. Journal of Science and Multidisciplinary Research, 4:47-55. Alamanda, I.S., N.S. Handajani dan A. Budiharjo. 2007. Penggunaan metode hematologi dan pengamatan endoparasit darah untuk penetapan kesehatan ikan Lele dumbo (C. Gariepinus) di kolam budidaya Desa Mangkubumen Boyolali. Jurnal Biodiversitas,8:34-38. Alifuddin, M. 1999. Peran immunostimulan (Lipopolisakarida, Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan levamisol) terhadap peningkatan respons imunitas ikan Jambal siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus). Tesis. Prog Studi Ilmu Perairan. Prog Pascasarjana IPB, Bogor, 50. Alifuddin, M. 2002. Imunostimulasi pada hewan akuatik. Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia, 1: 87-92.
53
Altun, S., A. Kubilay., S. Ekici., B.I. Didinen and O. Diler. 2010. Oral vaccination against Lactococcus in Rainbow trout (O. mykiss) using sodium alginate and poly (lactide-co-glycolide) carrier. Kafkas University 16 (Suppl-B): S211-S217, 1-7. Andayani, S., Mardoedi., E. Sanoesi., A.E. Wilujeng dan H. Suprastiani. 2014. Profil hematologis beberapa spesies ikan air tawar. Nasional Conference. Geen Technolgy 3. Anderson, D.P. 1992. Immunostimulants, ajduvants and vaccine carrier in fish: application to aquaculture. Ann. Rev. Fish Dis, 2: 281-307. Anderson, D.P. 2004. Immunostimulants, vaccines and environmental stressors in aquaculture: NBT assays to show neutrophil activity by these immunomodulators. 320-328. Anwar, F., A. Djunaedi dan G.W. Santosa. 2013. Pengaruh konsentrasi KOH yang berbeda terhadap kualitas alginat rumput laut cokelat Sargassum duplicatum J. G Agardh. Journal of Marine Research, 2: 7-14. Aslan, L. 1998. Budidaya Rumput Laut. Edisi Revisi. Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Atmaja, W.S., A. Kadi., Sulistijo dan R. Satari. 1996. Pengenalan Jenis-Jenis Rumput Laut Indonesia. Puslitbang Oseanologi. LIPI, Jakarta. Ayala., M.D., A. Garcia-Alcazar., M. Arizcum., L. Abdel and O. Lopez-Albors. 2011. Effect of sodium alginate dietary in body parameters and muscle gowth of Gilthead Sea bream Sparus Aurata L. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 12: 627-633. Bachtiar, Y. 2006. Panduan Lengkap Budidaya Lele Dumbo. Agromedia Pustaka, Jakarta. Baratawijaya, K.G. 2004. Immunologi Dasar. Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. 588. Basmal, J., B.S.B. Utomo., Tazwir., Murdinah., T. Wikanta., Marraskuranto dan R. Kusumawati. 2013. Membuat alginat dari rumput laut Sargassum. Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pengolahan Produk dan Bioteknologi Kelautan dan Perikanan, Kerja Sama dengan Penebar Sawadaya, Jakarta. 92. Biller-Takahashi, J.D., L.S. Takahashi., C.M. Marzocchi-Machado., F.S. Zamuzzo and E.C. Urbinati. 2014. Disease resistanse of Pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887) Feed with ß-glucan. Brazilian Journal Biology, 74: 698-703. Campos-Vallette, M.M., N.P. Chandia., E. Clavijo., D. Leal., B. Matsuhiro., I.O. Osorio-Roman and S. Torres. 2009. Characterization on sodium alginate and its block fractions by surface-enhanced raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy, 41: 758-763. Chamidah., A., Y. Marsono., E. Harmayani dan Haryadi. 2013. Pengaruh metode ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik crude Laminaran dari Sargassum duplicatum. Agritech, 33: 251-257. Chandia, N.P., B. Matsuhiro., E. Mejias and A. Moenne. 2004. Alginic acid in Lessonia vadosa: partial hydolysis dan elicitor properties of the polymannuronic acid fraction. Journal of Applied Phycology, 16: 127-133. Cheng, A.C., Y.Y. Chen and J.C. Chen. 2008. Dietary administration of sodium alginate and ĸ-carrageenan enhaces the innate immune response of Brown-Marbled grouper Ephinephelus fuscoguttatus and resistance againt Vibrio alginolyticus. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, 121: 206-215. Cheng, W and J. Yu. 2013. Effects of the dietary administration of sodium alginate on the immune responses and disease resistance of Taiwan Abalone, Haliotis diversicolor supertexta. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 34: 902-908. 54
Cheng, W., C. Liu ., S. Yeh and J. Chen. 2004. The immune stimulatory effect of sodium alginate on the White shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 17: 41-51. Chiu,Shieh-Tsung., R. Tsai., J. Hsu., C. Liu and W. Cheng. 2008. Dietary sodium alginate administration to enhance the non-specific immune responses, and disease resistance of the juvenile Grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus. Aguaculture, 277: 66-72. Darmawan, M., Tazwir dan H. Nurul. 2006. Pengaruh perendaman rumput laut coklat segar dalam berbagai larutan terhadap mutu natrium alginat. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan, 9: 26-38. Dauhan, R.E.S., E. Efendi dan Suparmono. 2014. Efektifitas sistem akuaponik dalam mereduksi konsentrasi amonia pada sistem budidaya ikan. Jurnal Rekayasa dan Teknologi Budidaya Perairan, 3: 297-302. Dietrich, C.P., G.G.M. Fariasa, L.R.D. de Abreu, E.L. Leitea, L.F. da Silva, H.B. Naderb. 1995. A new approach for the characterization of polysaccharides from algae: presence of four main acidic polysaccharides in three species of the class Phaeophycea. Plant Science, 108: 143-153 Draget, K.I, StØker T. M, Gudmund Skjåk-Bræk, dan Olav S. 2006. Food Polysaccharides and Their Application 2nd. Taylor & Francis Group Effendie, H. 2003. Telaah Kualitas Air. Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Effendie, M.I. 1979. Metode Biologi Perikanan. Yayasan Dewi Sri. Bogor, 112. Eissa, I.A.M., A.F. Badran and A.M. Abd-Elmoez. 2009. Dietary sodium alginate as an immunostimulant in cultures Oreochromis niloticus and its resistance against Aeromonas hydrophiila. SCVMJ, 15: 19-32. Erhunmwunse, N.O and M.O. Ainerua. 2013. Characterization of some blood parameters of African catfish (Clarias Gariepinus). Amaerican-Eurasian Journal of Toxicological Science, 5:72-76. Esteban, M.A. 2012. Review article: An verview of the Immunological defenses in fish skin. International Scholarly Research Network Immunology, 1-29. Fadhil, R., J. Endan., F.S. Taip and M.S. Ja’far. 2011. Biological performance of Asian Catfish (Clarias batrachus) cultured in recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture Aquarium Conservation and Legislation International Journal of The Bioflux Society (AACL BIOFLUX), 4: 684-690. FAO. 1997. Sodium Alginate. Prepared at the 49th JECFA (1997). FNP 52 Add 5. Fujaya, Y. 2004. Fisiologi Hewan Air. Rineka Cipta. Jakarta, 179. Gabriel, U.U., G.N.O. Ezeri and O.O. Opabunmi. 2004. Influence of sex, source, health status and acclimation on the haematology of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1882). African Journal of Biotechnology, 3: 463-467. Ghaednia, B., M.R. Mehrabi., M. Mirbaksh., V. Yeganeh., P. Hoseinkhezri., G. Garibi and J.A. Ghaffar. 2011. Effect of hot water extract of brown seaweed Sargassum galucescens via immersion route on immune response of Fenneropenaeus indicus. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 10: 616-630. Hamid, S.H.A., F.A.M. Ahmed., I.M.A. Mohammed and S.I.M. Ali. 2013. Physical and chemical characteristics of blood of two fish species (Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias lezera). World’s Veterinary Journal, 3:17-20. Harikrishnan, R., Man-Chul, Kim., Ju-Sang, Kim., Yong-Jae, Han., Ik-Soo, Jang., C. Balasundaram and Moon-Soo, Heo. 2010. Immunomodulatory effect of sodium alginate enriched diet in kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus against Streptococcus iniae. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 30:543-549. 55
Husni, A., Subaryono., Pranoto, Y., Tazwir dan Ustadi. 2012. Pengembangan metode ekstraksi alginat dari rumput laut Sargassum sp. sebagai bahan pengental. Agrititech 32: 1-8. Irianto, A. 2005. Patologi Ikan Teleostei. Gadjah Mada University Press. Yogyakarta, 256. Isnansetyo, A., H.M. Irpani., T.A. Wulansari and N. Kasanah. 2014. Oral administration of alginate from a tropical Brown Seaweed Sargassum sp. to enhance non-spesific defense in Walking Catfish (Clarias sp.). Aquacultura Indonesiana, 15: 49-55. Ispir, U and M. Dorucu. 2004. Effect on the levamisole on the immune system of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum). Turkey Journal Vet. Animal Science, 29: 1169-1176. Johnny, F., D. Roza dan I. Mastuti. 2010. Aplikasi immunostimulan untuk meningkatkan imunitas non-spesifik ikan Kerapu macan Epinephelus fuscoguttatus terhadap penyakit infeksi di Hatcheri. Prosiding Forum Inovasi Teknologi Akuakultur. 945-949. Khairuman dan K. Amri. 2002. Budidaya Lele Lokal secara Intensif. Agomedia Pustaka, Jakarta. Kim, K.W., S.S. Kim., S. Khosravi., S. Rahimnejad and K.Y. Lee. 2014. Evaluation of Sargaasum fusiforme and Ecklonia cava as dietary additives for Olive floundes (Paralichthys olivacues). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 14: 321-330. Kirk dan Othmer. 1994. Encyclopedia of chemical technology. 4th ed. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 1091p Kumar, V., S. Kumar., P.K. Pandey., R.P. Raman., K. Pani-Prasad., S. Roy., A. Kumar and K. Kumar. 2013. Gowth and hemato-immunological response to dietary Icarrageenan in Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) juveniles. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture- Bamidgeh. IJA, 971: 1-12. Kumari, J and P.K. Sahoo. 2006a. Dietary immununostimulants influence specific immune response and resistance of healthy and immunocompromised Asian Catfish Clarias batrachus to Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Disease of Aquatic Organisms, 70: 63-70. Kumari, J and P.K. Sahoo. 2006b. Dietary ß-1,3 glucan potentiates innate immunity and disease resistance of Asian Catfish Clarias batrachus. Journal of Fish Diseases, 29: 95-101. Kumari, J and P.K. Sahoo. 2006c. Non-specifik immune response of healty and immunocompromised Asian catfish (Clarias batrachus) to several immunostimulants. Aquaculture, 255:133-141. Kurniawan, A. 2010. Penyakit Akuatik. Univeversitas Bangka Belitung Press. Pangkalpinang, 225. Leal, D., B. Matsuhiro., M. Rossi and F. Caruso. 2008. FT-IR spectra of alginic acid block fractions in three species of brown seaweeds. Carbohydrate Research, 343: 308-316. Li, B., F. Lu,. X. Wei and R. Zhao. 2008. Fucoidan: structure and bioactivity. Review Molecules, 13: 1671-1695. Liu., C.H., S.P. Yeh., C.M. Kuo., W. Cheng and C.H. Chou. 2006. The effect of sodium alginate on the immune response of Tiger Shirmp via dietary administration: activity and gene transcription. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 21: 442-452. McHugh, D.J. 1987. Production and utilization of products from commercial seaweeds. food and agriculture organization of the united nations, Roma. 56
Mona, M.H., T. Rizk-El-Yased., W.M. Salama and M.L. Younis. 2015. Efficacy of probiotics, prebiotics and immunostimulant on gowth performance and immunological parameters of Procambarus clarkii juveniles. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 69: 17-25. Mushollaeni, W. 2011. Karakterisasi natrium alginat dari Sargassum sp., Turbinaria sp. dan Padina sp.. Jurnal Teknologi dan Industri Pangan, 22: 26-32. Mutia, T., R. Eriningsih dan R. Safitri. 2011. Membran alginat sebagai pembalut luka primer dan media penyampaian obat topikal untuk luka yang terinfeksi. Jurnal Riset Industri, 2: 161-174. Myburgh, J.G., C.J. Botha., D.G. Booyse and F. Reyers. 2008. Provisional clinical chemistry parameters in the African Sharptooth Catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Artikel, 79: 156-60. Najiyati, S. 2007. Beberapa Metode Pembenihan Air Tawar. Kanisius, Yogyakarta. Nan, F.H., A.S. Agus-Putra., B. Margie and M.C. Lee. 2015. The effects on Curcuma zedoaria and Zingiber zerumbet on non-specific immune responses of Grouper Epinephelus coioides. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 14: 598-611. Pawar, S.N and K.J. Edgar. 2012. Alginate derivatization: a review of chemstry, properties and applications. Biomaterials, 33: 3279-3305. Perera, H.A.C.C and A. Pathiratne. 2008. Enhancement of immune responses in Indian carp Catla catla following administration of levamisole by immersion. Disease in Asian Aquaculture, 4: 129-142. Rasyid, A. 2003. Algae coklat (phaeophyta) sebagai sumber alginat. Oseanologi dan Limnologi Indonesia, 28: 33-38. Rasyid, A. 2005. Beberapa catatan tentang alginat. Oseanologi dan Limnologi Indonesia, 1: 9-14. Rasyid, A. 2009. Perbandingan kualitas natrium alginat beberapa jenis alga coklat. Oseanologi dan Limnologi Indonesia, 35: 57-64. Rasyid, A. 2010. Ekstraksi natrium alginat dari alga coklat Sargassum echinocarphum. Oseanologi dan Limnologi Indonesia, 36: 393-400. Rasyid, R. 2001. Potensi Sargassum asal Perairan Kepulauan Spermonde sebagai bahan baku alginat. Widyariset, 2. Rode, A. 2004. Isolierung und charakterisierung von bakteriellen extrazellularen polymeren subtanzen aus biofilmen. Dissertation. Von der Fakultat Fur Naturwissenschaften der Universitat Duisburg-essen, Campus Duisburg. Germany. 166 Saanin, H. 1984. Taksonomi dan Kuntji Identifikasi Ikan. Penerbit Binatjipta, Bandung. Sakai, M. 1999. Current research status of fish immunostimulants. Aquaculture, 172: 63-92. Salasia, S.I.O., D. Sulanjari dan A. Ratnawati. 2001. Studi hematologi ikan air tawar. Jurnal Biologi, 2: 770-723. Satrisno P.A., Windarti and R.M. Putra. 2013. Blood condition of Clarias batrachus from the Kampar and Siak Rivers, Riau Province. Journal of Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. University Riau, 1-15. Secombes, C.J and T.C. Flecher. 1992. The role of phagocytes in the protective mechanisms of fish. Annual Review of Fish Diseases, 2: 53-71. Simatupang, N dan D. Anggaini. 2013. Potensi tanaman herbal sebagai antimikrobial pada Ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias sp.). Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesai, 1: 216-255.
57
Singh, R.P., V. Gupta and P. Kumari. 2011. Purification and partial characterization of an extracellular alginate lyase from Aspergillus oryzae isolated from brown seaweed. Journal Applied Phycology, 23: 755-762. Skjermo, J., A.M. Rokstad., I. Salvesen., G. Skjak-Braek and O. Vadstein. 2002. Immunostimulation in marine larval rearing. ICES, 6: 1-6. Sohn, K.S., M.K. Kim., J.D. Kim and I.K. Han. 2000. The role of immunostimulants in monogastric animal and fish. Review Journal Animal Sciense, 13: 1178-1187. Spangeberg, B., C.F. Poole and C. Weins. 2011. Quantitative Thin-Layer Chromatogaphy A Practical Survey. Verlag, C.H. ISBN: 978 3 642 10727 6. 41. Tambunan, A.P.M., Rudiyansyah dan Harlia. Pengaruh konsentrasi Na2CO3 terhadap rendemen natrium alginat dari Sargassum cristaefolium asal Perairan Lemukutan. JKK, 2: 112-117. Uribe, C., H. Folch., R. Enriquez and G. Morgan. 2011. Innate and adaptive immunity in teleost fish: A review. Veterinari Medicine, 10: 486-503. Vonti, O. 2008. Gambaran darah ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio Linn) Sinyonya yang berasal dari daerah Ciampea-Bogor. Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan Institut Pertanian Bogor. Skripsi. Whittington, R.J., B.L. Munday., M. Akhlaghi., G.L. Reddacliff and J. Carson. 1994. Humoral and peritoneal cell responses of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to ovalbumin, Vibrio anguillarum and freund's complete adjuvant following intraperitoneal and bath immunisation. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 4: 475488. Widyartini, D.S., A.I. Isnan dan Sulistyani. 2012. Keanekaragaman morfologi rumput laut Sargassum dari pantai permisan cilacap dan potensi sumberdaya alginatnya untuk industri. Prosiding Seminar Naional. Purwokerto, 61-66. Wijaya, O., B.S. Rahardja dan Prayogo. 2014. Pengaruh padat tebar ikan Lele terhadap laju pertumbuhan dan survival rate pada sistem akuaponik. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 6: 55-58. Winarno, F. G. 1990. Teknologi Pengolahan Rumput Laut. Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta. Yanto, H., H. Hasan dan Sunarto. Studi hematologi untuk diagnosa penyakit ikan secara dini di sentra produksi budidaya ikan air tawar Sungai Kapuas Kota Pontianak. Jurnal Akuatika, 6: 11-20. Yeh, S.P., C.A. Chang and C.Y. Chang. 2008. Dietray sodium alginate administration affects fingerling gowth and resistance to Sterptococcus sp. and Iridovirus, and juvenile non-specific immune response of the orange-spotted grouper Ephinephelus coioides. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 25: 19-27. Yulianto, K. 2007. Penelitian Isolasi Alginat Alga Laut Coklat dan Prospek Menuju Industri. Prosiding Seminar Riptek Kelautan Nasional. 104-108. Zaelanie, K., T. Susanto dan B.W. Simon. 2001. Ekstraksi dan pemurnian alginat dari Sargassum fillipendula kajian dari bagian tanaman, lama ekstraksi dan konsentrasi isopropanol. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian, 2: 13-15.
58
