ABSTRAK Pembuatan aplikasi berbasis web menunjukkan peningkatan yang cukup besar. Untuk menunjang kebutuhan komputasi dari aplikasi berbasis web diperlukan adanya sebuah peladen (server) web dan aplikasi CMS yang baik. Peladen web perlu memiliki kemampuan jaringan dan komputasi yang baik agar dapat melayani penggunanya dengan baik. Membuat sebuah klaster komputer adalah salah satu cara untuk memenuhi kebutuhan daya komputasi yang besar. Sebuah klaster komputer terdiri dari beberapa komputer yang saling terhubung secara erat. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana kinerja sebuah situs web bila dipasang dengan klaster dibanding dengan sebuah peladen maka akan dibahas dalam laporan penelitian ini. Web yang diuji adalah aplikasi CMS berbasis web populer Wordpress dan Joomla. Konten web terdiri dari gambar dan teks. Pengujian menggunakan aplikasi Apache Jmeter. Tipe klaster yang diuji merupakan load balancer. Load balancer diharapkan dapat mempercepat waktu respon dan memperbesar kemampuan komputasi peladen web. Setelah melakukan pembuatan peladen tunggal dan klaster maka siap dilakukan pengujian. Dari pengujian didapatkan bahwa klaster dapat menghasilkan throughput dan waktu respon yang lebih baik. Kata kunci: Debian, klaster, Linux, peladen web, pembandingan
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ABSTRACT Web-based application creation showed considerable upturn. To support the computing needs of web-based applications it is required the existence of a web server and good CMS application. Web server needs to have a good networking and computing capabilities to be able to serve its users well. Creating a cluster computer is one way to meet the needs of huge computing power. A computer cluster is composed of several computers connected together in tandem. To find out how the performance of a web site when installed with cluster compared with a server it will be discussed in this research report. Tested web is popular CMS web base application Wordpress and Joomla. Web content consists of images and text. Tests conducted with Apache Jmeter. Tested cluster type is a load balancer. Load balancer is expected to speed up response times and increase the computing capabilities of web server. After creating single and cluster server then the test is ready to do. From the test it is founded that clusters can generate throughput and response time better than single server. Keywords: benchmarking , cluster, Debian, Linux, web server
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................... i PERNYATAAN ORISINALISTAS LAPORAN PENELITIAN ........................... ii PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN................................... iii PRAKATA ............................................................................................................. iv ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. vi ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................ xii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xv DAFTAR ISTILAH ............................................................................................. xvi BAB 1 PENDAHULUAN ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... 2 1.3 Tujuan Pembahasan ...................................................................................... 2 1.4 Ruang Lingkup .............................................................................................. 2 1.5 Sumber Data .................................................................................................. 3 1.6 Sistematika Penyajian ................................................................................... 3 BAB 2 KAJIAN TEORI ......................................................................................... 5 2.1.2 Linux sekarang ....................................................................................... 5 2.2 Debian ........................................................................................................... 6 2.2.1 Sejarah .................................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Debian Sekarang .................................................................................... 7 2.2.3 Arsitektur Populer .................................................................................. 8 2.2.4 Versi Populer.......................................................................................... 9
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2.3 Kinerja komputer ........................................................................................ 10 2.4 Klaster komputer ......................................................................................... 11 2.4.1 Node ..................................................................................................... 11 2.4.2 Jenis –jenis klaster................................................................................ 12 2.5 Peladen web (Web server) ........................................................................... 14 2.5.1 Apache.................................................................................................. 14 2.5.2 PHP ...................................................................................................... 15 2.6 Benchmarking ............................................................................................. 15 2.7 Apache Jmeter ............................................................................................. 15 2.7.1 Parameter Masukan .............................................................................. 15 2.7.2 Contoh Keluaran .................................................................................. 16 2.7.3 Modul Tambahan ................................................................................. 16 2.8 VMware vSphere ........................................................................................ 17 2.9 Content Management System (CMS) .......................................................... 17 2.9.1 Market Share ........................................................................................ 17 2.9.2 Wordpress ............................................................................................ 17 2.9.3 Joomla .................................................................................................. 17 2.10 HAProxy ................................................................................................... 18 2.11 Unison ....................................................................................................... 18 2.12 Penelitian serupa ....................................................................................... 19 BAB 3 ANALISIS DAN RANCANGAN SISTEM ............................................. 20 3.1 ANALISIS................................................................................................... 20 3.1.1 Pemilihan sistem operasi ...................................................................... 21 3.1.2 Pemilihan arsitektur sistem operasi ...................................................... 21 3.1.3 Aplikasi CMS ....................................................................................... 21 3.1.4 Pemilihan versi sistem operasi ............................................................. 21
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3.2 Gambaran Keseluruhan ............................................................................... 22 3.2.1 Antarmuka Perangkat Keras ................................................................ 22 3.2.2 Antarmuka Perangkat Lunak................................................................ 23 3.2.3 Komputer dan peran masing-masing ................................................... 23 3.3 Disain Peladen Tunggal .............................................................................. 24 3.4 Disain Klaster .............................................................................................. 25 3.5 Disain antarmuka perangkat keras Secara perangkat lunak ........................ 26 3.5.1 PC Nomor satu dan dua........................................................................ 26 3.5.2 PC Nomor tiga...................................................................................... 27 3.6 Skenario umum pengujian........................................................................... 27 BAB 4 IMPLEMENTASI ..................................................................................... 28 4.1 Pembuatan Server tunggal........................................................................... 28 4.1.1 Pemasangan Apache2........................................................................... 28 4.1.2 Pemasangan PHP5 ............................................................................... 29 4.1.3 Pemasangan MySQL Server ................................................................ 29 4.1.4 Pemasangan Wordpress ....................................................................... 30 4.1.5 pengaturan Wordpress .......................................................................... 30 4.1.6 Pemasangan Joomla ............................................................................. 31 4.2 Pembuatan Klaster ...................................................................................... 32 4.2.1 Pengaturan Load Balancer Server ....................................................... 32 4.2.2 Pemasangan Database Server .............................................................. 36 4.2.3 Pengaturan Web server ......................................................................... 37 4.2.3.1 Pemasangan Apache2.................................................................... 37 4.2.3.2 Pemasangan PHP5 ........................................................................ 38 4.2.3.3 Pemasangan Unison ...................................................................... 38 4.2.3.4 Pemasangan Wordpress ................................................................ 39
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4.2.3.5 Pemasangan Joomla ...................................................................... 41 4.2.4 Parameter Apache Jmeter ..................................................................... 43 BAB 5 PENGUJIAN............................................................................................. 45 5.1 parameter pengujian .................................................................................... 45 5.1.1 Data halaman web yang akan diuji....................................................... 45 5.1.2 Pengaturan parameter pengujian .......................................................... 47 5.2 Bandwidth saat pengujian ........................................................................... 47 5.3 Thread yang berjalan saat pengujian........................................................... 48 5.4 Distribusi waktu respon............................................................................... 51 5.5 Waktu Respon ............................................................................................. 54 5.6 Throughput .................................................................................................. 56 BAB 6 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................................... 60 6.1 Simpulan ..................................................................................................... 60 6.2 Saran............................................................................................................ 61 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 62
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Hasil Survei komunitas Linux di situs web Reddit.com [6]................ 6 Gambar 2.2 Grafik rilis Debian [7] ......................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.3 Arsitektur Populer 12 bulan terakhir [6] ............................................. 9 Gambar 2.4 versi Debian populer 12 bulan terakhir [6] ....................................... 10 Gambar 2.5 Contoh High availability clusters ..................................................... 12 Gambar 2.6 Contoh high performance cluster ...................................................... 13 Gambar 2.7 Contoh load balancing cluster .......................................................... 14 Gambar 2.8 tampilan Apache meter dengan plugin .............................................. 15 Gambar 2.9 contoh waktu respon meter ............................................................... 16 Gambar 3.1 rancangan peladen tunggal ................................................................ 24 Gambar 3.2 klaster yang akan diuji....................................................................... 25 Gambar 3.3 gambaran isi PC nomor 1 dan 2 ........................................................ 26 Gambar 3.4 gambaran isi PC nomor 3 .................................................................. 27 Gambar 4.1 web server server tunggal .................................................................. 28 Gambar 4.2 pengaturan database Wordpress ....................................................... 30 Gambar 4.3 halaman depan konfigurasi Joomla ................................................... 31 Gambar 4.4 Joomla database................................................................................. 31 Gambar 4.5 selesai konfigurasi ............................................................................. 32 Gambar 4.6 pengumpul log ................................................................................... 33 Gambar 4.7 defaulet variable ................................................................................ 34 Gambar 4.8 penambahan node web server............................................................ 35 Gambar 4.9 membuat pengaturan HAProxy permanen ........................................ 35 Gambar 4.10 pengaturan mysql ............................................................................ 36 Gambar 4.11 tambah pengguna mysql .................................................................. 37 Gambar 4.12 web server bekerja dengan baik ...................................................... 37 Gambar 4.13 sinkronisasi berkas .......................................................................... 39 Gambar 4.14 pengaturan Wordpress. .................................................................... 40 Gambar 4.15 pemasangan Wordpress ................................................................... 41 Gambar 4.16 halaman depan konfigurasi Joomla ................................................. 42 Gambar 4.17 Joomla database............................................................................... 42
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Gambar 4.18 selesai konfigurasi ........................................................................... 43 Gambar 5.1 contoh parameter ............................................................................... 45 Gambar 5.2 jaringan komputer penguji ................................................................ 47 Gambar 5.3 Thread Aktual Joomla ....................................................................... 48 Gambar 5.4 Thread Aktual Wordpress ................................................................. 49 Gambar 5.5 Thread Aktual Tunggal ..................................................................... 50 Gambar 5.6 Thread Aktual Klaster ....................................................................... 50 Gambar 5.7 distribusi waktu respon Joomla ......................................................... 51 Gambar 5.8 distribusi waktu respon Wordpress ................................................... 52 Gambar 5.9 distribusi waktu respon tunggal......................................................... 52 Gambar 5.10 distribusi waktu respon klsater ........................................................ 53 Gambar 5.11 distribusi waktu respon.................................................................... 53 Gambar 5.12 waktu respon Wordpress ................................................................. 54 Gambar 5.13 waktu respon Joomla ....................................................................... 55 Gambar 5.14 waktu respon tunggal ...................................................................... 55 Gambar 5.15 waktu respon klaster ........................................................................ 56 Gambar 5.16 Throughput Wordpress .................................................................... 57 Gambar 5.17 Throughput Joomla ......................................................................... 57 Gambar 5.18 Throughput tunggal ......................................................................... 58 Gambar 5.19 Throughput klaster .......................................................................... 58 Gambar 0.1 Instalasi awal ................................................................................... A-1 Gambar 0.2 pilih bahasa ..................................................................................... A-1 Gambar 0.3 pilih lokasi ...................................................................................... A-2 Gambar 0.4 pengaturan keyboard ....................................................................... A-2 Gambar 0.5 pengaturan hostname ....................................................................... A-3 Gambar 0.6 pengaturan nama domain ................................................................ A-3 Gambar 0.7 pengaturan sandi root ..................................................................... A-4 Gambar 0.8 ulangi sandi root .............................................................................. A-4 Gambar 0.9 memasukan nama lengkap ............................................................. A-5 Gambar 0.10 mengisi username ......................................................................... A-5 Gambar 0.11 pilih zona waktu ............................................................................ A-6 Gambar 0.12 partisi harddisk ............................................................................. A-7
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Gambar 0.13 pilih harddisk................................................................................ A-7 Gambar 0.14 pilihan partisi ................................................................................ A-8 Gambar 0.15 pratinjau hasil partisi .................................................................... A-8 Gambar 0.16 scan dvd ........................................................................................ A-9 Gambar 0.17 pilih perangkat lunak .................................................................. A-10 Gambar 0.18 pengaturan jaringan node1 ......................................................... A-11 Gambar 0.19 pengaturan sumber program ....................................................... A-12
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 penelitian serupa ................................................................................... 19 Tabel 3.1 Komputer yang digunakan saat pengujian ............................................ 22 Tabel 3.2 komputer dan pengaturan dasar ............................................................ 23 Tabel 4.1 parameter Apache Jmeter ...................................................................... 43 Tabel 5.1 halaman web yang akan diuji. ............................................................... 46 Tabel 5.2 parameter pengujian .............................................................................. 47 Tabel 5.3 Rata-rata waktu respon.......................................................................... 54 Tabel 0.1 pengaturan jaringan ........................................................................... A-11
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DAFTAR ISTILAH Bandwidth
Peladen
Throughput
Lebar pita. sejumlah data yang dapat di pindahkan dari satu titik ke titik lain dalam satu satuan waktu tertentu. Satuan waktu yang digunakan biasanya detik. Semakin besar angka maka semakin baik. [1] Server. Sebuah sistem komputer yang digunakan dalam arsitektur Clien-server yang dapat memberikan fungsionalitas tambahan untuk program atau peranti yang di sebut klien. [2] Kapasitas di mana sesuatu dapat diproduksi atau diproses. Semakin besar angka maka semakin baik.
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