ABSTRAK. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

ABSTRAK Tekanan air dalam saluran keluaran merupakan salah satu faktor yang perlu diperhatikan karena banyak aplikasi yang membutuhkan tekanan air minimum agar dapat bekerja. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut, dibuat suatu sistem yang dapat mengendalikan tekanan air untuk tetap berada dalam batas tekanan yang ditentukan. Desain sensor tekanan air berdasarkan hukum fisika yang diperlukan, yaitu hukum Paskal, Bejana Berhubungan dan hukum Boyle. Untuk mendeteksi tekanan air melalui ketinggian air, sensor dibuat dengan menerapkan hukumhukum fisika yang telah disebutkan. Sistem pengendali tekanan air dibuat dengan menggunakan PLC Twido tipe TWDLMDA20DRT. Dengan plant yang diatur adalah Altivar 18, motor pompa 1 fasa dan saluran keluaran. Hasil pengujian terhadap sistem menunjukkan tekanan air berada dalam batas tekanan. Yang menjadi kendala adalah keterbatasan alat dan dana sehingga pengendalian tekanan air hanya dapat diterapkan pada satu saluran keluaran saja.

Universitas Kristen Maranatha |

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ABSTRACT Water pressure in the outlet is one factor that must be considered to be look for because many application need minimum water pressure to work. To overcome the problem that has been mentioned, a system has been realized to make the water pressure in the limit pressure needed. The sensor has been designed based on physics law, it is Pascal law, Bernoulli law, and Boyle law. Air pressure sensor is used to be the sensor indicator w hich can’t pro duce an electrical sign al. The plant which is controlled is the motor pump by manipulate the motor pump input frequency. The water pressure in the outlet change as the revolution of the motor pump changed. S ystem ’s test result show that the w ater pressure is in the lim it pressure. The problem is minimum budget and source to make the system to control every outlet.


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DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK............................................................................................i KATA PENGANTAR.........................................................................ii DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................iv DAFTAR TABEL...............................................................................vi DAFTAR GAMBAR.........................................................................vii BAB I PENDAHULUAN I.1

Latar Belakang.............................................................................................1

I.2

Identifikasi Masalah.....................................................................................1

I.3

Tujuan..........................................................................................................2

I.4

Pembatasan Masalah....................................................................................2

I.5

Sistematika Pembahasan..............................................................................2

BAB II LANDASAN TEORI II.1

Hukum Pascal...............................................................................................4

II.2

Bejana Berhubungan....................................................................................5

II.3

Hukum Boyle...............................................................................................6

II.4

Programmable Logic Controller..................................................................6 II.4.1 Perangkat Lunak PLC......................................................................8 II.4.2 Cara Kerja PLC..............................................................................10 II.4.3 Modul Ekspansi Analog.................................................................11

II.5

Inverter untuk Motor Induksi.....................................................................12

II.6

Motor Induksi Satu Fasa............................................................................14

BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI III.1

Diagram Kerja Sistem................................................................................15

III.2

Cara Kerja Pengontrol................................................................................17

III.3

Sensor Ketinggian Air................................................................................19

III.4

Metoda Pipa Vertikal Tertutup...................................................................21

III.5

Cara Kerja Inverter.....................................................................................24


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BAB IV HASIL PENGUJIAN IV.1

Hasil Pengujian Tanpa Sistem Kontrol......................................................26

IV.2

Hasil Pengujian dengan Sistem Kontrol....................................................27 IV.2.1 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Atas Dibuka Penuh.................................27 IV.2.2 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Tengah Dibuka Penuh............................27 IV.2.3 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Bawah Dibuka Penuh.............................28

BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN IV.1

Kesimpulan................................................................................................29

IV.2

Saran...........................................................................................................29

DAFTAR PUSTAKA...........................................................................................30 LAMPIRAN A : Diagram Ladder Program LAMPIRAN B : Data Sheet Transistor D313


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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 3.1 Hubungan Frekuensi Masukan Motor Pompa, Putaran Motor Pompa, Tekanan dan Ketinggian Air..................................................................................25 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Pengujian Tanpa Sistem Kontrol..................................................27 Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Atas dibuka Penuh..........................................28 Tabel 4.3 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Tengah dibuka Penuh.....................................29 Tabel 4.4 Hasil Pengujian Saluran Bawah dibuka Penuh......................................29


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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Gambar Aplikasi Hukum Pascal..........................................................4 Gambar 2.2 Bejana Berhubungan............................................................................5 Gambar 2.3 Gambar Aplikasi Hukum Boyle...........................................................6 Gambar 2.4. Struktur Dasar PLC.............................................................................7 Gambar 2.5 Diagram Tangga...................................................................................9 Gambar 2.6a. Rangkaian relai suatu instalasi motor................................................9 Gambar 2.6b. Diagram Tangga Ekivalen...............................................................10 Gambar 2.7 Gambar Fisik Modul Ekspansi Analog..............................................11 Gambar 2.8 Gambar Fisik Inverter........................................................................12 Gambar 2.9 Diagram Blok Cara Kerja Inverter.....................................................13 Gambar 2.10. Gambar fisik pompa dengan motor 1 fasa......................................14 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Alir Sistem...........................................................................15 Gambar 3.2 Diagram Blok Model..........................................................................16 Gambar 3.3 Algoritma Kerja Program...................................................................18 Gambar 3.4 Sensor Ketinggian Air........................................................................19 Gambar 3.5 Metoda Pipa Vertikal Tertutup...........................................................22 Gambar 3.6 Sensor Tekanan..................................................................................23 Gambar 3.7 Gambar dari Model Sistem Regulasi Tekanan Air............................24 Gambar 3.8 Gambar Rangkaian Inverter...............................................................26


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ABSTRAK. Universitas Kristen Maranatha

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