ABSTRAK PENGARUH KOPI LUWAK (Civet coffee) TERHADAP WAKTU REAKSI SEDERHANA PADA PEREMPUAN DEWASA Rislefia Amadina Sinaga, 2015, Pembimbing I: Sri Nadya J. Saanin., dr., Mkes Pembimbing II: Jo Suherman, dr., M. S, AIF Waktu reaksi adalah interval waktu dihitung mulai pemberian rangsang sampai terjadinya respon. Dalam kehidupan manusia waktu reaksi penting terutama pada aktivitas yang membutuhkan reaksi cepat, misalnya mengemudi dan perlombaan olahraga. Kafein dosis rendah sebagai zat stimulan dalam kopi luwak menstimulasi kerja saraf dalam mengurangi keletihan dan meningkatkan kewaspadaan sehingga konsentrasi meningkat menyebabkan waktu reaksi lebih singkat. Tujuan penelitian untuk menilai pengaruh meminum kopi luwak terhadap Waktu Reaksi Sederhana pada perempuan dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental kuasi dengan rancangan pemeriksaan pre-test dan post-test. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga puluh orang perempuan berusia 18-23 tahun. Data yang diukur adalah waktu reaksi sederhana untuk cahaya merah, kuning, hijau, biru serta suara nada tinggi dan rendah, sebelum dan sesudah meminum kopi luwak sejumlah 80 mg kafein dalam 100cc air 95°C. Analisis data menggunakan uji “t” berpasangan dengan α=0,05. Kemaknaan dinilai berdasarkan nilai p≤0,05. Hasil penelitian rerata waktu reaksi sederhana untuk cahaya warna merah, kuning, hijau, biru, suara nada rendah, dan tinggi sebelum dan sesudah meminum kopi luwak berturut-turut dalam detik 0,079; 0,089; 0,069; 0,086; 0,082; 0,075 yang menunjukkan percepatan waktu reaksi sederhana dengan perbedaan sangat signifikan (p<0,01). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kopi luwak mempersingkat waktu reaksi sederhana perempuan dewasa. Kata kunci : Civet coffee, waktu reaksi sederhana, kopi luwak
iii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF CIVET COFFEE ON SIMPLE REACTION TIME IN ADULT WOMEN Rislefia Amadina Sinaga, 2015, Tutor 1st : Sri Nadya J. Saanin., dr., Mkes Tutor 2nd: Jo Suherman, dr., M. S, AIF Reaction time is the time interval counted from the administration of stimulus until the occurence of respond. In everyday life, reaction time is important mainly in activities where fast reaction is necessary, such as driving and sport competitions. Low dose caffeine as the stimulating agent in civet coffee can rouse the nervous activity in reducing exhaustion and increasing awareness so that concentration will increase, leading to shorter reaction time. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of drinking civet coffee towards simple reaction time in adult women. This study used quasi experimental method with pre-test and post-test design. Subject of this research were thirty women aged eighteen to twenty-three years old. Measured data was simple reaction time for the color red, yellow, green, blue, and low and high tone sound, before and after drinking civet coffee with 80 mg of caffeine in 100 cc of 95°C water. Data was analyed with paired T test with α=0.05. Significance was assessed based on p≤0.05. The result were the average simple reaction time for red, yellow, green, blue, low pitch sound, and high pitch sound before and after drinking civet coffee respectively in seconds were 0.079; 0.089; 0.069; 0.086; 0.082; 0.075 which showed an acceleration in simple reaction time with highly significant differences. The conclusion was that civet coffee shortened simple reaction time in adult women. Keywords: Civet coffee, simple reaction time, kopi luwak
iv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR ISI
LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN..................................................................................... i SURAT PERNYATAAN........................................................................................ ii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. iii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................. iv KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI ......................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................... xii BAB I ...................................................................................................................... 1 PENDAHULUAN .................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................... 2 1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian................................................................................... 2 1.3.2 Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................................... 2 1.4 Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah .......................................................................... 3 1.4.1 Manfaat Akademik ................................................................................. 3 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ....................................................................................... 3 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis ............................................................... 3 1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran ............................................................................... 3 1.5.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................................ 4 BAB II ..................................................................................................................... 5 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 5 2.1 Otak ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Anatomi Otak .......................................................................................... 5
vii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
2.1.2 Formatio Reticularis ............................................................................... 6 2.1.3 Proses Pengolahan Stimulus Menjadi Respon dalam SSP ..................... 8 2.2 Waktu Reaksi .............................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Definisi Waktu Reaksi .......................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Sejarah Waktu Reaksi ........................................................................... 14 2.2.3
Klasifikasi Waktu Reaksi ................................................................ 15
2.2.4 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Waktu Reaksi ............................... 17 2.3 Kopi Luwak ................................................................................................. 24 2.3.1 Sejarah Kopi Luwak ............................................................................. 25 2.3.2 Jenis kopi dan Pengolahannya .............................................................. 27 2.3.3 Kandungan Kopi ................................................................................... 34 2.3.4 Manfaat Kopi Luwak ............................................................................ 35 2.3.5 Efek Samping Kopi ............................................................................... 35 2.4 Kafein .......................................................................................................... 36 2.4.1 Senyawa Kafein .................................................................................... 36 2.4.2 Farmakodinamik ................................................................................... 37 2.4.3 Mekanisme Kerja .................................................................................. 38 2.4.4 Farmakokinetik ..................................................................................... 39 BAB III ................................................................................................................. 41 BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN ............................................................. 41 3.1 Alat dan Bahan ............................................................................................ 41 3.1.1 Alat........................................................................................................ 41 3.1.2 Bahan .................................................................................................... 41 3.2 Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................................... 41 3.3 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... 42 3.4 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 42 3.4.1 Desain Penelitian .................................................................................. 42 3.4.2 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 43 3.4.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel Penelitian ............................................. 43 3.4.4 Perhitungan Besar Sampel .................................................................... 43 3.5 Prosedur Penelitian ...................................................................................... 44
viii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
3.5.1 Pengumpulan Bahan ............................................................................. 44 3.5.2 Persiapan Bahan Uji.............................................................................. 44 3.5.3 Pelaksanaan Penelitian .......................................................................... 44 3.6 Analisis Data ............................................................................................... 46 3.7 Hipotesis Statistik ........................................................................................ 46 3.8 Kriteria Uji .................................................................................................. 46 3.9 Aspek Etik Penelitian .................................................................................. 46 BAB IV ................................................................................................................. 48 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................................. 48 4.1 Hasil............................................................................................................. 48 4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 49 4.3 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian .................................................................... 50 BAB V................................................................................................................... 51 SIMPULAN DAN SARAN .................................................................................. 51 5. 1. Simpulan .................................................................................................... 51 5. 2 Saran ........................................................................................................... 51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 52 LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 54 RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................... 63
ix Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel
Halaman
Tabel 2.1. Hasil Penelitian Kandungan Kopi Arabika Luwak ............................ 34 Tabel 4.1. Rerata Waktu Reaksi pada Perempuan Dewasa ................................ 48
x Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar
Halaman
Gambar 2.1. Anatomi Otak ................................................................................. 5 Gambar 2.2. Formatio Reticularis ....................................................................... 8 Gambar 2.3. Sensibilitas Sel Kerucut ................................................................ 10 Gambar 2.4. Jaras Penglihatan ............................................................................ 11 Gambar 2.5. Proses Pengolahan Suara ................................................................ 13 Gambar 2.6. Hubungan Intensitas Stimulus Dengan WRS ................................ 17 Gambar 2.7. Hubungan Tingkat Kewaspadaan Dengan WRS .......................... 18 Gambar 2.8. Perongkol ....................................................................................... 28 Gambar 2.9. Pemberian Kopi sebagai Pakan Luwak .......................................... 30 Gambar 2.10. Biji Kopi dari Feses Luwak .......................................................... 30 Gambar 2.11. Pencucian Biji Kopi Luwak ......................................................... 31 Gambar 2.12. Proses Sortirasi dan Pengkelasan Kopi Luwak ............................ 32 Gambar 2.13. Kopi Luwak Setelah Disangrai .................................................... 33 Gambar 2.14. Struktur Caffeine ......................................................................... 37
xi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran
Halaman
Lampiran 1. Informed Consent ........................................................................... 54 Lampiran 2. Lembar Kerja .................................................................................. 55 Lampiran 3. Data Hasil Penelitian ...................................................................... 57 Lampiran 4. Data Hasil Pengolahan SPSS.......................................................... 59 Lampiran 5. Surat Keputusan Komisi Etik Penelitian ........................................ 61 Lampiran 6. Foto Penelitian ................................................................................ 62
xii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
