ABSTRAK PENGARUH JUS BUAH NAGA MERAH (Hylocereus polyrhizus) TERHADAP TEKANAN DARAH NORMAL PADA PEREMPUAN DEWASA Steffi Grafika, 2011. Pembimbing I : Pinandojo Djojosoewarno,dr.,drs.,AIF Pembimbing II: Endang Evacuasiany,dra.,Apt.,MS.,AFK Hipertensi merupakan salah satu penyakit yang banyak terjadi di masyarakat dan menjadi salah satu penyebab utama kerusakan pada organ tubuh dan kematian, terapi menggunakan herbal memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat, salah satunya adalah buah naga merah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh jus buah naga merah terhadap penurunan tekanan darah normal perempuan dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode prospektif eksperimental sungguhan, memakai rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), bersifat komparatif, dengan desain pretest dan post-test. Data yang diukur adalah tekanan darah sistol dan diastol, dalam satuan mmHg, pada 30 orang perempuan dewasa sebelum dan sesudah meminum jus buah naga merah. Pengukuran menggunakan metode gabungan auskultasi dan palpasi dengan posisi subjek percobaan duduk dengan kaki menyentuh lantai. Analisis data menggunakan uji “t” berpasangan dengan α = 0,05. Hasil rerata tekanan darah sistol sesudah minum jus buah naga merah sebesar 93 mmHg lebih rendah dari sebelum minum jus buah naga merah sebesar 101 mmHg (p<0,05), sedangkan hasil rerata tekanan darah diastol sesudah minum jus buah naga merah sebesar 67 mmHg lebih rendah dari sebelum minum jus buah naga merah sebesar 70 mmHg (p<0,05). Simpulan jus buah naga merah menurunkan tekanan darah normal pada perempuan dewasa. Kata kunci: buah naga merah, tekanan darah.
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF RED DRAGON FRUIT JUICE (Hylocereus polyrhizus) TO THE NORMAL BLOOD PRESSURE FOR AN ADULT FEMALE Steffi Grafika.2011.
1st Tutor: Pinandojo Djojosoewarno,dr.,drs.,AIF 2nd Tutor : Endang Evacuasiany,dra.,Apt.MS.,AFK
Hypertension is one of the most common diseases in society and the main causes of multiple organ damage and death, therapeutic using a herbal that utilize plants, one of them is red dragon fruit. The objectives of this research is to know the effect of red dragon fruit juice towards to blood pressure reduction in normal adult female. The methods of this research using prospective experimental method with complete random design, is comparative, design pre-test and post-test. This data are research by measuring the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, in mmHg, on 30 adult female before and after drinking the red dragon fruit juice. The measurement used palpation-auscultation method with subjects in sit position, with foot palm touch the floor. Data were analyzed by using paired “ t” test with α = 0,05. The post average systolic blood pressure after subjects drank red dragon fruit juice is 93 mmHg which is lower than it is before drinking red dragon fruit juice which is 101 mmHg (p<0,05), and the post average diastolic blood pressure after subjects drink red dragon fruit juice is 67 mmHg which is lower than it is before drinking red dragon fruit juice which is 70 mmHg (p < 0,05). Conclusion red dragon fruit juice has been proved to decrease the blood pressure an adult female. Key words: red dragon fruit, blood pressure.
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN ................................................................................... i SURAT PERNYATAAN ...................................................................................... ii ABSTRAK ........................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................... iv KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... v DAFTAR ISI ....................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. x DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ....................................................................................... xii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .......................................................................................... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .................................................................................. 2 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan ................................................................................... 2 1.4 Manfaat Karya Tulis .................................................................................. 2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis ........................................................... 3 1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ............................................................................... 4 1.7 Lokasi dan Waktu ..................................................................................... 4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Tekanan Darah .......................................................................................... 5 2.2 Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah ................................. 6 2.2.1 Faktor Utama ................................................................................... 6 2.2.2 Faktor Tambahan ............................................................................. 9 2.3 Pemeriksaan Tekanan Darah ................................................................... 15 2.3.1 Cara Langsung ............................................................................... 15 2.3.2 Cara Tidak Langsung ..................................................................... 16 2.4 Kelainan Tekanan Darah ......................................................................... 19 2.4.1 Hipertensi ....................................................................................... 19 vii
2.4.1.1 Hipertensi Primer................................................................. 20 2.4.1.2 Hipertensi Sekunder ............................................................ 21 2.4.2 Pengobatan Hipertensi ................................................................... 21 2.5 Buah naga merah ..................................................................................... 24 2.5.1 Taksonomi Buah Naga Merah ....................................................... 24 2.5.2 Sejarah Tanaman ............................................................................ 24 2.5.3 Deskripsi Tanaman ........................................................................ 25 2.5.4 Kandungan Gizi .............................................................................. 26 2.5.5 Sifat dan Khasiat ............................................................................ 27 2.5.6 Pengaruh Buah Naga Merah terhadap Tekanan Darah .................. 27
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Bahan dan Alat yang Digunakan ............................................................. 30 3.1.1 Bahan ............................................................................................. 30 3.1.2 Alat ................................................................................................. 30 3.2 Subjek Penelitian ..................................................................................... 30 3.3 Pembuatan Jus Buah Naga Merah ........................................................... 31 3.4 Metode Penelitian .................................................................................... 31 3.4.1 Desain Penelitian ........................................................................... 31 3.4.2 Variabel Penelitian ......................................................................... 32 3.4.3 Besar Sampel Penelitian ................................................................. 32 3.4.4 Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................ 33 3.4.5 Analisis Data .................................................................................. 34
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ....................................................................................... 35 4.2 Pembahasan ............................................................................................. 37 4.3 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ................................................................ 38 4.3.1 Hipotesis Penelitian ....................................................................... 38 4.3.2 Hal-hal yang Mendukung ............................................................... 38 4.3.3 Hal-hal yang Tidak Mendukung .................................................... 38
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4.3.4 Simpulan Hipotesis ........................................................................ 38
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ................................................................................................. 39 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 39
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ......................................................................................... 40 LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................ 42 DAFTAR RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................ 50
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2.1 Klasifikasi Hipertensi Usia Diatas 18 Tahun Menurut JNC VII ........ 20 Tabel 2.2 Kandungan Gizi dalam 100 gram Buah Naga Merah .......................... 26 Tabel 4.1 Tekanan Darah Sistol Sebelum dan Setelah Minum Jus Buah Naga Merah ............................................................................... 35 Tabel 4.2 Tekanan Darah Diastol Sebelum dan Setelah Minum Jus Buah Naga Merah ............................................................................... 36
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Bagan Pengaruh Renin-Angiotensin terhadap Tekanan Darah ....... 14 Gambar 2.2 Hylocereus polyrhizus ...................................................................... 24 Gambar 2.3 Pengaruh Buah Naga Merah dalam Menurunkan Tekanan Darah ... 29
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran I
Analisis Statistik Tekanan Darah Sebelum Dan Sesudah Minum Jus Buah Naga Merah ................................ 42
Lampiran II
Data Hasil Percobaan ............................................................ 44
Lampiran III
Surat Persetujuan ................................................................... 48
Lampiran IV
Data Orang Percobaan ........................................................... 49
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