ABSTRAK
Setiap perusahaan memiliki sistem proses produksi yang merupakan kegiatan dalam keberlangsungan hidup perusahaan. Persediaan harus diperhatikan dalam suatu proses produksi karena berpengaruh langsung terhadap kelancaran produksi. Perusahaan kerupuk ikan Kelapa Gading yang memproduksi makanan olahan, faktor kadaluarsa bahan baku ikan segar merupakan permasalahan yang harus dipertimbangkan. Dikarenakan bahan bakunya merupakan ikan segar, maka perusahaan kelapa gading harus mempertimbangkan waktu penyimpanannya. Sering kali ikan yang didatangkan melebihi kebutuhan produksi sehingga ikan harus disimpan, penyimpanan tersebut akan berdampak pada peningkatan biaya. Dengan menggunakan EOQ mempertimbangkan waktu kadaluarsa bahan, diharapkan dapat meminimasi total biaya persediaan dan mengurangi bahan yang berlebih sehingga tidak menimbulkan banyaknya bahan yang kadaluarsa. Karena semakin sedikit ikan yang disimpan, maka semakin sedikit pula ikan yang kadaluarsa. Pada penerapan model diperusahaan kerupuk ikan Kelapa Gading, diperoleh hasil bahwa dapat meminimasi inventory. Yang sebelumnya pada bulan Februari 2011 – April 2013 memiliki rata-rata 71,44kuintal, setelah menerapkan EOQ tersebut dapat mengurangi inventory rata-rata pada bulan April 2013-April 2014 sebesar 23 kuintal ikan. Prosentase pencapaian produk kerupuk terhadap rencana pada bulan Mei 2013 sebesar 94.7% bulan Juni 2013 sebesar 96.5% blan Juli sebesar 97.3% dan bulan Agustus 2013 sebesar 95.9%, dengan prosentase rata-rata sebesar 96.09%. Kata kunci: Total biaya persediaan, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Singleitem, faktor kadaluarsa bahan.
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ABSTRAK
Every company has production process system wich is an activity for the company continuity. Supplies must be noticed in a production process because it directly effects to the production continuity. Kelapa Gading fish cracker company produces processed food, row matrial expiration factor must be considered. Because the material is fresh fish, so Kelapa Gading company must consider the storage time. Fish supplies often exceed the production needs so the fishes must be storeged, the storage will be take effect on production cost increases. By using EOQ, it considers the material expiriation can be minimalized the supplies cost total and decrease the exceed material so there will not be a lot spoiled material, the production cost increases. In applicating model on Kelapa Gading fish cracker company, obtained results that can be minimalized te inventory. Recently on February 2011-April 2013 ha average on 71,44 quintals, after applicate EOQ can decreasing the average inventory on April 2013-April 2014 amounted 23 quintals fresh fishes. The crackers production revenue percentage on May 2013 planning is at least 94.7%, on June 2013at 96.5%, July 2013 at 97.3% and on August 2013 at 95.9% with average percentage 96.09%. Keywords: Supplies cost total, Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), Single item, Materials expiration factor
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DAFTAR ISI HALAMAN JUDUL .............................................................................................. i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ............................................................................... ii KATA PENGANTAR .......................................................................................... iii DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... v DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... vii DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... viii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................ ix ABSTRACT .......................................................................................................... x BAB I
PENDAHULUAN................................................................................ I- 1
1.1.Latar Belakang masalah ........................................................................... I- 1 1.2.Perumusan Masalah .................................................................................. I-3 1.3.Batasan Masalah dan Asumsi ................................................................... I-3 1.3.1 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................. I-3 1.3.2 Asumsi ............................................................................................ I-3 1.4.Tujuan Penelitian ...................................................................................... I-4 1.5.ManfaatPenelitian ..................................................................................... I-4 1.6. Sistematika Penulisan .............................................................................. I-4 BAB II LANDASAN TEORI ......................................................................... II-1 2.1 Perencanaan dan Pengendalian Produksi (PPP) ...................................... II-1 2.2 Perencanaan Produksi ............................................................................. II-1 2.3 Pengendalian Produksi ............................................................................ II-2 2.4 Jenis-jenis Sistem Persediaan.................................................................. II-4 2.5 Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Persediaan ....................................... II-6 2.6 Peramalan(forecast) ................................................................................ II-9 2.6.1 Karakteristik Peramalan ................................................................. II-9 2.6.2 Prinsip-prinsip Peramalan ............................................................ II-10
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2.6.3 Klasifikasi Peramalan................................................................... II-11 2.6.4 Metode-metode Peramalan........................................................... II-14 2.6.5 Ukuran Akurasi hasil Peramalan.................................................. II-17 2.6.6 Verifikasi dan pengendalian peramalan ....................................... II-19 2.6.7 Peta Moving Range ...................................................................... II-20 2.7 EOQ (Economic Order Quantity) ........................................................ II-22 2.8 Model EOQ Single-item dengan waktu kadaluarsa bahan .................... II-23 BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ...................................................... III-1 3.1.Objek Penelitian ..................................................................................... III-1 3.2.Data-data yang dibutuhkan .................................................................... III-1 3.3.Teknik Pengumpulan data ..................................................................... III-2 3.4.Kerangka Penelitian ............................................................................... III-3 3.5.Pengolahan Data ................................................................................... III-6 3.6.Analisis Hasil ......................................................................................... III-7 BAB IV PENGOLAHAN DATA .................................................................... IV-1 4. 1 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................ IV-1 4. 2 Pengolahan Data .................................................................................. IV-5 4.2.1.Diagram pencar ........................................................................... IV-5 4.2.2. Verifikasi hasil peramalan ......................................................... IV-9 4.2.3. Perhitungan Total Inventory Cost dengan Metode EOQ mempertimbangkan waktu kadaluarsa bahan .................................... IV-12 4. 3Analisis Hasil ....................................................................................... IV-18 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................... V-1 5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. V-1 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ V-1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
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DAFTAR TABEL
1. Tabel 4.1 Data penjualan produk kerupuk ikan tahun 2011-2013 ............... IV-2 2. Tabel 4.2 Data penjualan produk kerupuk ikan dalam kuintal .................... IV-3 3. Tabel 4.3 Tingkat kesalahan peramalan ....................................................... IV-7 4. Tabel 4.4 Hasil perhitungan moving range .................................................. IV-9 5. Tabel 4.5 Hasil peramalan untukperiode mendatang ................................. IV-11 6. Tabel 4.6 Persediaan ikan segar tahun 2011-2013 ..................................... IV-15 7. Tabel 4.7 Rencana Persediaan ikan segar tahun 2013-2014 ...................... IV-16 8. Tabel 4.8 Persediaan ikan segar tahun 2013-2014 ..................................... IV-17 9. Tabel 4.9 Prosentase pencapaian produk kerupuk terhadap rencana ......... IV-17
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
1. Gambar 2.1 Pola Data Random ................................................................... II-12 2. Gambar 2.2 Pola Data siklus ....................................................................... II-12 3. Gambar 2.3 Pola Data musiman ................................................................. II-13 4. Gambar 2.4 Pola Data trend ........................................................................ II-13 5. Gambar 3.1 Kerangka penelitian.................................................................. III-5 6. Gambar 4.1 Plot permintaan produk ............................................................ IV-5 7. Gambar 4.2 Grafik peramalan Decomposition model ................................. IV-6 8. Gambar 4.3 Grafik peramalan Winter’s model ............................................ IV-6 9. Gambar 4.4 Grafik ploting data aktual dan hasil peramalan metode winter’s model ........................................................................................................... VI-8 10. Gambar 4.5 Peta kendali Moving range .................................................... VI-10
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