ABSTRAK
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui content, structure dan hierarchy Schwartz’s Values pada siswa SMAN “X” Palangka Raya yang berlatar belakang budaya Dayak Ngaju. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode survei deskriptif. Value yang diteliti terdiri dari sepuluh tipe, yaitu benevolence, conformity, tradition, self direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, dan universalism (Schwartz, 1984). Alatukur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah alat ukur Schwartz Values yaitu Portrait Value Quetionnaire (PVQ), yang diterjemahkan dan dimodifikasi oleh Ni Luh Ayu Vivekananda, M.Psi., Psikolog. Populasi yang menjadi target dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang bersuku Dayak Ngaju di SMAN “X” Palangka Raya. Teknik penarikan sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan ukuran sampel sebanyak 222 responden. Kesepuluh Schwartz’s Value dapat teridentifikasi namun ternyata hanya dapat dikelompokkan ke dalam tujuh region, yaitu universalism value, power value, hedonism value, self direction value, achievement value, conformity value, dan tradition value. Selain itu, didapat adanya Schwartz’s Value dari posisi teratas sampai posisi terbawah secara berurutan adalah conformity, security, tradition, benevolance, universalism, achievement, self direction, hedonism, stimulation, power. Kepada SMA N “X” dapat mempertimbangkan kegiatan-kegiatan yang dapat mempertahankan values budaya Dayak Ngaju yang telah ada, dan mempertimbangkan untuk membuat kegiatan ekstrakulikuler atau menyediakan sanggar seperti sanggar tari daerah atau mengajari beberapa kesenian Dayak Ngaju seperti Karungut.
Kata Kunci: Schwartz’s Values, Dayak, Budaya.
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ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to determine the content, structure and hierarchy Schwartz's values in students SMAN "X" Palangkaraya cultural backgrounds of the Dayak Ngaju people. This research was conducted using the descriptive survey method. Value studied consisted of ten values, namely benevolence, conformity, tradition, self-direction, stimulation, hedonism, achievement, power, security, and Universalism (Schwartz, 1984). The measurement used in this research is a measurement tool that Schwartz Portrait Values Value Quetionnaire (PVQ), translated and modified by Ni Luh Ayu Vivekananda, M.Psi., Psik.. The target population in this study is that adolescents Ngaju Dayak tribes in SMAN "X" Palangkaraya. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, with a sample size of 222 respondents. The ten Schwartz's Value can be identified but it only can be grouped into seven regions: Universalism value, power value, value hedonism, self-direction value, value achievement, conformity value, and value tradition. Moreover, it was apparent that Schwartz's Value from the top to the bottom sequentially is can be seen as: conformity, security, tradition, benevolence, Universalism, achievement, self direction, hedonism, stimulation, power. SMAN "X" can consider activities that can maintain Dayak Ngaju cultural values that already exist, and consider making extracurricular activities or provide local dance studio to teach some art Dayak Ngaju, like Karungut.
Keywords: Schwartz's Values, Dayak, Culture.
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR JUDUL......................................................................................................................i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN ..................................................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS SKRIPSI ....................................................................... iii PERNYATAAN PUBLIKASI LAPORAN PENELITIAN ..................................................iv ABSTRAK ................................................................................................................................. v ABSTRACT ...............................................................................................................................vi KATA PENGANTAR ............................................................................................................ vii DAFTAR ISI.............................................................................................................................. x DAFTAR BAGAN ................................................................................................................ xiii DAFTAR TABEL ..................................................................................................................xiv DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................................... xv
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ....................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah .............................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan penelitian .............................................................................................. 7 1.3.1 Maksud Penelitian .................................................................................................. 7 1.3.2 Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian ............................................................................................................. 8 1.4.1 Kegunaan Teoretis ................................................................................................. 8 1.4.2 Kegunaan Praktis ................................................................................................... 8 1.5 Kerangka Pikir ...................................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Asumsi ................................................................................................................................ 17
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Value ................................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1 Pengertian Values ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1.2 Tipe-tipe Values ........................................................................................................ 18 2.1.3 Dinamika dan Struktur Values .................................................................................. 21 2.1.4 Second Order Value Type ......................................................................................... 25 2.1.5 Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Value .................................................................. 27 2.1.5.1 Latar Belakang Sosial ..................................................................................... 28 x Universitas Kristen Maranatha
2.1.5.2 Sikap dan Perilaku .......................................................................................... 29 2.1.5.3 Agama ............................................................................................................. 30 2.1.5.4 Relasi Sosial.................................................................................................... 30 2.1.6 Transmission Values ................................................................................................. 31 2.1.7 Strategi Akulturasi .................................................................................................... 35 2.2 Remaja ................................................................................................................................ 36 2.2.1 Pengertian Remaja .................................................................................................... 36 2.2.2 Tahap-Tahap Masa Remaja ...................................................................................... 32 2.2.3 Karakteristik Masa Remaja ....................................................................................... 37 2.2.4 TugasPerkembangan Pada Masa Remaja ................................................................. 39 2.2.5 Perkembangan Moral ................................................................................................ 40 2.3 Kebudayaan......................................................................................................................... 43 2.3.1 Definisi Kebudayaan................................................................................................. 43 2.3.2 Wujud Kebudayaan................................................................................................... 44 2.3.3 Unsur-Unsur Kebudayaan......................................................................................... 45 2.3.4 Elemen Budaya ......................................................................................................... 45 2.4 Dayak .................................................................................................................................. 47 2.4.1 Dayak Ngaju ............................................................................................................. 48 2.4.2 Kepercayaan Suku Dayak Ngaju .............................................................................. 50 2.4.3 Rumpun Suku Dayak Ngaju ..................................................................................... 52 2.4.4 Susunan dan Tingkatan Masyarakat ......................................................................... 52 2.4.5 Adat dan Tradisi Dayak Ngaju ................................................................................. 53 2.4.5.1 Adat Kematian ................................................................................................ 55 2.4.5.2Kayau ............................................................................................................... 57 2.4.5.3 Kesenian Adat Dayak Ngaju .......................................................................... 58 2.4.5.4 Bahasa Dayak Ngaju....................................................................................... 61
BAB III METODOLOGI PENELITIAN 3.1 Rancangan Penelitian .......................................................................................................... 62 3.2 Variabel Penelitian dan Definisi Operasionl....................................................................... 62 3.2.1 Variabel Penelitian .................................................................................................... 62 3.2.2 Definisi Operasional ................................................................................................. 62 3.3 Alat Ukur ............................................................................................................................ 64 xi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
3.3.1 Kuesioner .................................................................................................................. 64 3.3.2 Prosedur Pengisian .................................................................................................... 66 3.3.3 Sistem Penilaian ........................................................................................................ 66 3.3.4 Data Penunjang ......................................................................................................... 67 3.3.5 Validitas dan Realibilitas .......................................................................................... 67 3.3.5.1 Validitas .......................................................................................................... 67 3.3.5.2 Realibilitas ...................................................................................................... 68 3.4 Populasi dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampel ......................................................................... 68 3.4.1 Populasi .................................................................................................................. 68 3.4.2 Karakteristik Populasi ............................................................................................ 68 3.4.3 Teknik Penarikan Sampel ....................................................................................... 69 3.5 Teknik Analisis ................................................................................................................... 69
BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Gambaran Sampel Penelitian .............................................................................................. 70 4.1.1 Jenis Kelamin Responden....................................................................................... 70 4.1.2 Usia Responden ...................................................................................................... 71 4.1.3 Pendidikan Responden ........................................................................................... 71 4.1.4 Agama Responden .................................................................................................. 72 4.1.5 Suku Bangsa Responden ........................................................................................ 72 4.1.6 Transmisi Budaya Responden ................................................................................ 73 4.2 Hasil Penelitian ................................................................................................................... 74 4.2.1 Content ................................................................................................................... 74 4.2.2 Structure ................................................................................................................. 76 4.2.3 Hierarchy................................................................................................................ 77 4.3 Pembahasan......................................................................................................................... 78 4.3.1 Content ................................................................................................................... 78 4.3.2 Structure ................................................................................................................. 81 4.3.3 Hierarchy................................................................................................................ 84 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ............................................................................................................................. 89 5.2 Saran ................................................................................................................................... 90 DAFTAR PUSTAKA xii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR RUJUKAN LAMPIRAN DAFTAR BAGAN
Bagan 1.1 Kerangka Pikir Bagan 2.1 Schwartzs’ Mode of Individual Level Motivational Types of Value Bagan 2.2 Vertical, Horizontal, dan Oblique dari Transmisi Budaya dan Akulturasi Bagan 3.1 Rancangan Penelitian Bagan 4.1 Multidimentional Space
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1 Kisi-kisi Potrait Values Questionnaire Tabel 3.2 Validitas Alat Ukur Tabel 3.3 Reliabilitas Alat Ukur Tabel 4.1 Jenis Kelamin Responden Tabel 4.2 Usia Responden Tabel 4.3 Pendidikan Responden Tabel 4.4 Agama Responden Tabel 4.5 Suku Bangsa Responden Tabel 4.6 Pengelompokam Responden Berdasarkan Transmisi Budaya Tabel 4.7 Korelasi Antar Values Tabel 4.8Hierarchy Values
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1
Kuesioner Data Pribadi dan Data Penunjang
Lampiran 2
Potrait Value Questionnaire
Lampiran 3
Tabel Validitas dan Reliabilitas
Lampiran 4
Tabel Frekuensi
Lampiran 5
Tabel Crosstab Data Penunjang
Lampiran 6
Tabel Validitas
Lampiran 7
Tabel Reliabilitas
Lampiran 8
Tabel Data Mentah Kuesioner
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