ABSTRAK
Laporan keuangan pada dasarnya adalah hasil dari proses akuntansi yang dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk berkomunikasi antara data keuangan aktivitas suatu perusahaan dengan pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan. Dengan mengadakan analisis terhadap pos-pos neraca akan dapat diketahui gambaran tentang posisi keuangannya, sedangkan analisis terhadap laporan laba ruginya akan memberikan gambaran mengenai hasil atau perkembangan usaha perusahaan yang bersangkutan. Penelitian dilakukan pada PT Mayora Indah Tbk. yang berlokasi di Jakarta. PT Mayora Indah Tbk. merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang industri makanan, kembang gula, dan biskuit. Sedangkan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah laporan keuangan PT Mayora Indah Tbk.. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif analitis. Dari hasil analisis terhadap laporan keuangan PT Mayora Indah Tbk. penulis dapat menilai kondisi kinerja keuangan perusahaan dengan tepat tetapi masih ada keterbatasan dalam analisis rasio tersebut. PT Mayora Indah Tbk. periode tahun 2004-2007 kondisi kinerja keuangan perusahaan tidak stabil karena ada yang meningkat dan menurun dari tahun ke tahun. Kinerja keuangan perusahaan periode tahun 2004-2007 melalui analisis likuiditas, leverage, aktivitas, dan profitabilitas periode terbaik dan terburuk dapat diketahui.
Kata-kata kunci: Analisis laporan keuangan, kinerja keuangan perusahaan.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL.....................................................................................................i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN.....................................................................................ii HALAMAN PERNYATAAN....................................................................................iii ABSTRAK...................................................................................................................iv KATA PENGANTAR.................................................................................................v DAFTAR ISI..............................................................................................................vii DAFTAR GAMBAR..................................................................................................xi DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................................xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN............................................................................................xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang Penelitian............................................................................1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah....................................................................................3 1.3 Maksud dan Tujuan Penelitian....................................................................4 1.4 Kegunaan Penelitian....................................................................................4 BAB II KAJIAN PUSTAKA DAN KERANGKA PEMIKIRAN 2.1 Laporan Keuangan......................................................................................6 2.1.1 Pengertian Laporan Keuangan...........................................................6 2.1.2 Tujuan Laporan Keuangan................................................................7 2.1.3 Pemakai Laporan Keuangan..............................................................8 2.1.4 Asumsi Dasar Laporan Keuangan...................................................10
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2.1.5 Karakteristik Kualitatif Laporan Keuangan.....................................11 2.1.6 Unsur-unsur Laporan Keuangan......................................................16 2.1.7 Sifat dan Keterbatasan Laporan Keuangan......................................20 2.2 Analisis Laporan Keuangan.......................................................................23 2.2.1 Pengertian Analisis Laporan Keuangan............................................24 2.2.2 Analisis Rasio...................................................................................25 2.2.3 Keterbatasan Analisis Rasio.............................................................27 2.2.4 Penggolongan Angka Rasio..............................................................29 2.2.5 Klasifikasi Analisis Rasio.................................................................30 2.2.6 Pengukuran Prestasi Perusahaan.......................................................34 2.2.7 Kinerja Perusahaan...........................................................................44 2.2.8 Analisis Laporan Keuangan Terhadap Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan.......................................................................45 2.3 Kerangka Pemikiran..................................................................................45 BAB III OBJEK DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Objek Penelitian......................................................................................50 3.2 Metode Penelitian...................................................................................50 3.2.1 Teknik Pengumpulan Data............................................................51 3.2.2 Teknik Pengolahan Data................................................................51 3.2.3 Variabel Penelitian.........................................................................52 BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian.......................................................................................53 4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan.......................................................53
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4.2 Pembahasan............................................................................................55 4.2.1 Analisis Rasio PT Mayora Indah Tbk...........................................55 4.2.1.1 Rasio Likuiditas.................................................................55 4.2.1.1.1 Current Ratio......................................................56 4.2.1.1.2 Cash Ratio...........................................................57 4.2.1.1.3 Acid Test Ratio...................................................58 4.2.1.1.4 Working Capital To Total Assets Ratio..............59 4.2.1.2 Rasio Leverage..................................................................60 4.2.1.2.1 Total Debt To Equity Ratio................................61 4.2.1.2.2 Total Debt To Total Assets.................................62 4.2.1.2.3 Long Term Debt To Ratio..................................63 4.2.1.3 Rasio Aktivitas...................................................................64 4.2.1.3.1 Total Assets Turnover.........................................65 4.2.1.3.2 Receivable Turnover...........................................66 4.2.1.3.3 Average Collection Period..................................68 4.2.1.3.4 Inventory Turnover.............................................69 4.2.1.3.5 Average Day’s Inventory....................................70 4.2.1.3.6 Working Capital Turnover..................................71 4.2.1.4 Rasio Profitabilitas.............................................................73 4.2.1.4.1 Gross Profit Margin...........................................73 4.2.1.4.2 Operating Income Ratio......................................75 4.2.1.4.3 Operating Ratio...................................................76 4.2.1.4.4 Net Profit Margin................................................77
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4.2.1.4.5 Earnings Power of Total Invesment...................78 4.2.1.4.6 Net Earnings Power Ratio/ROI..........................79 4.2.1.4.7 Rate of Return for The Owners..........................81 4.2.2 Evaluasi Kinerja Keuangan Perusahaan........................................82 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Kesimpulan...............................................................................................84 5.2 Saran.........................................................................................................85 DAFTAR PUSTAKA.................................................................................................87 LAMPIRAN...............................................................................................................88 SURAT KETERANGAN RISET.............................................................................95 RIWAYAT HIDUP....................................................................................................96
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Nomor Gambar
Judul Gambar
Halaman
1
Pemisahan Pengembalian Atas Aktiva...............................................42
2
Kerangka Pemikiran...........................................................................49
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DAFTAR TABEL
Nomor Tabel
I
Judul Tabel
Halaman
Piutang Usaha Rata-Rata PT Mayora Indah Tbk. Tahun 2005 – 2007......................................................................................67
II
Persediaan Rata-Rata PT Mayora Indah Tbk Tahun 2005 – 2007......................................................................................69
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Nomor Lampiran
Judul Lampiran
A
Laporan Laba Rugi Konsolidasi PT Mayora Indah Tbk.
Halaman
Tahun 2007,2006,2005, dan 2004.....................................................89 B
Neraca Konsolidasi PT Mayora Indah Tbk. Tahun 2007,2006,2005, dan 2004.....................................................91
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