ABSTRAK Husnul Athiyah 34.1.1.11411 Perdagangan yang dilakukan dalam perekonomian kontemporer tidak hanya bersifat nasional namun telah berkembang menjadi perdagangan Internasional. Dalam suatu bisnis selalu terdapat persaingan, sehingga membuat setiap negara saling berlomba-lomba untuk menguasai pasar internasional. Tetapi cara-cara yang ditempuh untuk menguasai pasar ini dilakukan dengan kecurangan yang mengakibatkan rusaknya mekanisme pasar yang disebut diskriminasi harga, bentuk diskriminasi harga yang biasa dilakukan adalah dumping, yakni suatu praktik tentang harga, dimana perusahaan mengenakan harga yang lebih rendah terhadap barang-barang yang di ekspor ke luar negri dari pada harga dipasar negara tersebut. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana praktik dumping dalam perdagangan internasional, dan juga untuk mengetahui apakah kebijakan pemerintah sesuai dengan kebijakan Umar bin Khathab dan Yahya bin Umar sebagai solusi untuk menghadapi praktek dumping pada zaman modern ini. Jenis penelitian ini adalah jenis penelitian kepustakaan (Library Research), dengan metode penelitian kualitatif, yaitu jenis penelitian yang data-datanya di peroleh dari data-data, yaitu berupa buku, undang-undang, dan sebagainya. Adapun untuk menganalisis data penulis menggunakan analisis deskriptif, yaitu analisis yang berusaha untuk menggambarkan dan menganalisis secara mendalam berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, sedangkan model pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sejarah dan sosial. Adapun kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini adalah: Praktek dumping dalam perdagangan Internasional sering kali disebut sebagai salah satu tindakan perdagangan yang tidak adil, karena dumping adalah suatu praktek menjual suatu produk dengan harga yang lebih murah dibandingkan dengan harga produksi yang sama yang ada di dalam negri. Terdapat beberapa jenis dumping pada umumnya antara lain, sporadic dumping, , persistent dumping, predatory dumping. Ada variable sebab akibat yang diajukan oleh GATT untuk melarang tindakan dumping, yakni dumping yang dilakukan oleh suatu negara yang less than fair value dianggap dapat menyebabkan “ kerugian material” ( material injury) terhadap industri dalam negara importir. Dan Solusi menurut Umar bin Khatab dalam menghadapi praktek Dumping dalam Perdagangan Ialah bahwa pemerintah dan pejabat harus berperan dalam pengawasan tentang harga di pasar, dan Pemerintah berhak bertindak apabila terjadi kecurangan yang mana merugikan pihak konsumen maupun produsen, agar dapat terwujudnya kemaslahatan bersama. Yahya bin Umar juga berpendapat bahwa penetapan harga tidak diperbolehkan. Pemerintah, sebagai institusi formal yang memikul tanggung jawab menciptakan kesejahteraan umum, berhak melakukan intervensi harga ketika terjadi suatu aktivitas yang dapat membahayakan kehidupan masyarakat luas. Yahya juga menyatakan bahwa pemerintah tidak boleh melakukan intervensi, kecuali dalam dua hal, yaitu: apabila para pedagang tidak memperdagangkan barang dagangan terentu yang sangat di butuhkan masyarakat, dan juga para pedagang melakukan praktik dumping yang dapat menimbulkan persaingan yang tidak sehat serta dapat mengacaukan stabilitas harga pasar. Dan solusi atau kebijakan yang dimilki Umar bin Khathab dan Yahya bin Umar, sesuai dengan beberapa kebijakan GATT dalam permasalahan praktek dumping.
Kata Kunci: Dumping, Solusi, Umar bin Khathab, Yahya bin Umar
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ABSTRACT Husnul Athiyah 34.1.1.11411 In the business always there is competition to make each country mutual competed to dominate the international market. But in the ways That taken to control the market is misconducts which resulted in the destruction of market mechanism that called by discrimination price, discrimination price that usually done is dumping, that a practice about price,when the company give the lower price than in domestic market for the goods. The objective of this research is to know how the practice of dumping in international trade and also to know the government policy in accordance with the policy of Umar bin Al-Khattab and Yahya bin Umar as solution to confront the practice of dumping in modern times. The type of this research is the type of library research, with qualitative research method, that the type of research that stores its data in obtain from data, there are in the form of the book, laws and so on. Now to analyze the data the author uses descriptive analysis, the analysis to describe and analyze in depth based on data that are acquired, while model approach that is used is the history and social approach. The result of this reseach there are: Practice dumping in international trade that always called by an unfair trade, because dumping is a practice to sell a product with the cheaper prices than with production prices with the similary goods in the country. There are several types of dumping such as, sporadic dumping, persistent dumping, predatory dumping. There is a variable for the result by the GATT to prohibit the actions of dumping, that dumping done by a country that less than fair value is considered to cause " material loss" to industry in the importer countries. And the solution offered by Umar Ibn Al-Khattab in facing the practice of Dumping in the Trade is that the government and officials have an important role in the supervision of the price in the market, and the Government is entitled to act when an iniquity which harm the consumers and producers to reach the welfare. The government as a formal institutions that bear the responsibility of creating the public welfare, to perform the intervention of the price when there is an activity that can be harmful to life all the society. He stated that the government cannot intervene, except in two things, there are: when the Seller don’t sell the goods which need of the community and the Seller who do dumping that can disrupt the stability of the market price. And the solution or policy that Umar bin Al-Khattab and Yahya bin Umar, in accordance with several GATT policy in the problems of dumping charges.
Keywords : Dumping, solution, Umar bin Khathab, Yahya bin Umar
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To Honorable, Dean of Syari’ah Faculty University of Darussalam Gontor Darussalam Islamic Boarding School Gontor Ponorogo Bismillahirrahmanirrahim AssalamualaikumWr.Wb. I have to honour to present this thesis written by: Name
: Husnul Athiyah
Reg. Number : 34.3.3 11411 The Title
: Dumping Practice In International Trade According to Umar bin Khathab and Yahya bin Umar
It has been processed and corrected to meet the partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of licentiate in Islamic Economics in the Faculty of Syari’ah. There for we expect that the thesis can be examined soon. Wassalamu’alaikumWr.Wb.
Mantingan, 3𝑟𝑑 of Ramadhan 1438 29𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 Mei 2017
Supervisor,
(Andi Triyawan, M.A.)
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CERTIFICATION
The Faculty of Syari’ah University of Darussalam Gontor, Darussalam Islamic Boarding School GontorPonorogo has received a thesis written by: Name
: Husnul Athiyah
Reg. Number
: 34.3.3 11411
The Title
:Dumping Practice In International Trade According to Umar bin Khathab and Yahya bin Umar
Dean of Syari’ah Faculty
(Imam Kamaluddin, Lc.M.Hum)
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DECISION OF THE TEAM The committee of the team in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of licentiate in faculty of Syari’ah University of Darussalam Gontor, Darussalam Islamic Boarding School Gontor Ponorogo, declared that the thesis written by: Name
: Husnul Athiyah
Reg. Number
: 34.3.3 11411
The Title
: Dumping Practice In International Trade According to Umar bin Khathab and Yahya bin Umar
The committee has decided to grant her passed in this examination. Hence, she is eligible for the degree of licentiate of Islamic Economics the Faculty of Syari’ah.
Mantingan, 8𝑡ℎ of Ramadhan 1438 3𝑟𝑑 of Juni 2017 Chairman,
Secretary
( Andi Triyawan, M.A)
( Mufti Afif, M.A)
The team of Thesis Examination: 1stExaminer: Ahmad Fajaruddin, M.A
(_____________________)
2ndExaminer: Mufti Afif, M.A
(_____________________)
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DECLARATION I who signed here under: Name
: Husnul Athiyah
Reg. Number
:34.3.3.11411
Faculty
: Syari’ah
Departement
: Islamic Economics
The Tittle
: Dumping Practice In International Trade According to Umar bin Khathab and Yahya bin Umar
Declaire that this thesis is the result of my own research, except where otherwise stated. I also declare that this has not been previously or concurrently submitted as a whole for any other degrees at University of Darussalam Gontor or other institutions. When, otherwise found that this is a plagiarism, I am already to accept any punishment according to academic regulations of university. Mantingan, 29𝑡ℎ of May 2017 The Researcher,
(Husnul Athiyah)
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MOTTO
بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم " O you who believe (who are âmenû)! Do not eat up your property among yourselves falsely (unjustly) except that it be trading by your mutual consent. And do not (commit suicide) kill yourselves (one another). Surely Allah is Most Merciful to you.” ( An-Nisa : 89)
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DEDICATION
Uncountable thanks to My Lord Almighty, Allah SWT who has given me all great things in this life. My beloved parents, Mr.Drs.H. Fuady Ahmad and Mrs. Hj. Subandiyah who always pray and support me anytime anywhere, and who was believe me to finish this thesis For my beauty sister Mrs.Nur Afifah and Mrs. Siti Hurriyah, L.c. who strengthen me in my weakness and my beloved brother Mr. Ahmad Syakar Farhani, Mr. Arief Khozin, And Mr. Said Nashiruddin who always support me. For All my cuties Nephew who have be my supporter to this thesis, and who always ask me when to come back home This research couldn’t be completed without Mr.Andi Triawan, M.A who not only as my supervisor but also encourage me throught out my academic progam My Gutapat for being my family, my sister during my life in Gontor My EKIS’s mates, for being my best partner in my academic progam My Room Bread Bavarage Factory, who always support me, help me and Understand me in everything My beloved Sister Mrs. Fithrotin Bahriyah who always support me and advise when i feel down For My best friend Mr. Abdul Aziz, who always give me support and console me everytime i need, who have being teacher, supervisor to do this thesis
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT In the name of Allah the most merciful and the most beneficent, praise be to Him, the Lord of the worlds, the King of the universe, owner of the day judgement.Pray and peace sure upon the last Prophet Muhammad PUHB, his family, companions and entire followers. By the mercy, blessing and help of Allah Almighty, I could possible accomplish the writing of this humble thesis. Therefore I would like to extend my deep gratitude to those whom in the course of graduate study at University of Darussalam Gontor. To my thesis supervisor Mr.Andi Triawan, M.A, who has offered me useful suggestion for completing of this thesis. He has edited this and suggested many improvements along writing process and motivated me in many other academic aspects during my study at UNIDAGontor. In addition, I wish to extend my appreciation due to: 1. The head master of Darussalam Modern Islamic Boarding School Gontor, K.H. Abdullah Syukri Zarkasyi, M.A, K.H.HAsan Abdullah Sahal and K.H.Syamsul Hadi Abdan, who had sincerely educated me up to now. 2. The rector of Darussalam University Gontor, Prof.Dr.K.H. Amal Fathullah Zarkasyi, M.A, Dr.K.H. Hamid Fahmi Zarkasyi, M.A, H.Setiawan Bin Lahuri, Dean of Economic and Management Faculty Mr.KhoirulUmam, M.Ec and the chief of Islamic Economic Department Mr.Royyan Ramdhani Djayusman, M.A, for their measure to make the faculty of Economic and Management as pilot project of other faculties 3. The vice head master of Darussalam Gontor for Girls campus 3 Mr.Aris Helmy Hulaimy S.Th.I and the vice director of ITTC Gontor for Girls Campus 3 Mr.Muhammad Abdullah Bajuri, Lc, who have struggles all their life in educating us to be woman as ever. 4. Then I would like to thank my best father Drs.H. Fuady Ahmad and my beauty mom Hj. Subandiyah for giving me very crucial experiment about life, love and sacrifice.
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And also my sista afifah, yayah and my best brother Aan, arif , said who always support and help me in every condition. Finally, I should like to offer my deepest respect and grateful to all my companions for their support and help to complete this thesis, may Allah gives great rewards in this world and hereafter. Gontor, 29th of May 2017 The Researcher
Husnul Athiyah
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TABLE OF CONTENT Indonesia Abstract…………………………………………………………….... ..i English Abstract………………………………………………………………… ii Letter of Dean…………………………………………………………………… iii Letter of the Faculty…………………………………………………………….. iv Decision Team…………………………………………………………………… v Declaration………………………………………………………………………. vi Motto…………………………………………………………………………… vii Dedication……………………………………………………………………… viii Acknowledgement……………………………………………………………… ix Table of Content………………………………………………………………… xi CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION A.
Background of Study............................................................................ ..1
B.
Problem of Study.....................................................................................5
C.
Purpose of Study.....................................................................................6
D.
Literature Review....................................................................................7
E.
Theoritical Framework...........................................................................11
F.
Methods of Study...................................................................................16
G.
System of Study.....................................................................................19 CHAPTER TWO
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THEORETICAL FOUNDATION A.
Dumping.............................................................................................21 1. The Definition of Dumping...........................................................21 2. The Types of Dumping in International Trade................................25 3. The Purpose and Result of negative Dumping................................32 4. The Determination of Dumping in GATT-WTO.............................35 5. The Loss Determination of Dumping in GATT-WTO....................37 6. The Dumping practice at the Khalifah Period................................42 B. International Trade..........................................................................46 1. Definition...............................................................................46 2. The Benefits of International Trade........................................48 C. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and World Trade Organization (WTO)........................................................................50
CHAPTER THREE DUMPING PRACTICE IN INTERNATIONAL TRADE ACCORDING UMAR BIN KHATHAB AND YAHYA BIN UMAR A. Price Mechanism...............................................................................55 1. Price mechanism According To Yahya bin Umar....................55 2. Price Mechanism According to Umar bin Khattab...................56 B. The concept of Dumping in International Trade According to Umar bin Khattab and Yahya bin Umar .........................................................................61
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1. The Biography of Umar bin Khattab and Yahya bin Umar.......61 a. The biography of Umar bin Khattab.............................61 b. The Biography of Yahya bin Umar..............................64 2. The Thought of Umar bin Khathab and Yahya bin Umar about Dumping Practice in International Trade..............................................66 a. Umar Ibn Al-Khattab Thoughts about the practice of Dumping in International Trade...................................................66 b. Yahya bin Umar thought about the practice of Dumping in International Trade.......................................................73 3. The Solution Of Umar Bin Al-Khattab And Yahya Bin Umar To Face The Dumping Practice In This Modern Era .................................77 CHAPTER FOUR CLOSING A. Conclusion............................................................................................92 B. Suggestion.............................................................................................95 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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