ABSTRAK EFEK PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK HERBA PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) TERHADAP MEMORI JANGKA PENDEK WANITA DEWASA MUDA Padrepio Ragil Rahadi, 2013, Pembimbing I: dr.Sylvia Soeng,M.Kes., PA (K) Pembimbing II: dr.Decky Gunawan,M.Kes.AIFO Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) dikenal sebagai tumbuhan herba yang sudah lama dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman obat yang memiliki berbagai macam khasiat dan penggunaan, antara lain sebagai obat sariawan, penurun panas, anti keloid, dan mempercepat penyembuhan luka. Pada saat ini khasiat pegagan yang banyak diperbincangkan adalah sebagai peningkat daya ingat. Pegagan memiliki senyawa yang berefek melancarkan sirkulasi darah ke otak dan stimultan sistem saraf pusat (SSP). Stimulasi SSP akan meningkatkan kemampuan untuk mengingat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak herba pegagan (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) terhadap memori sederhana perempuan dewasa muda. Penelitian bersifat eksperimental sungguhan dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan desain pre-test dan post-test, terhadap 30 subjek penelitan (SP). Data yang diukur menggunakan metode LLOYD R. PETERSON dan MARGARET JEAN PETERSON yaitu jumlah soal yang benar dari rangkaian 15 soal yang dapat disebutkan kembali setelah waktu 6 detik disertai dengan menghitung sebanyak mungkin angka yang sudah disediakan dengan dikurangi angka tiga, sebelum dan sesudah minum dua kapsul pegagan 550mg. Dengan interval selama 45 menit. Analisis data menggunakan uji t berpasangan, dengan α = 0.05. Hasil penelitian rerata jumlah soal benar sebelum/sesudah meminum ekstrak herba pegagan selama pengamatan 45 menit terhadap memori jangka pendek adalah 10,04/13,37, menunjukkan peningkatan memori jangka pendek yang perbedaannya sangat signifikan (p<0,01). Simpulan ekstrak herba pegagan meningkatkan memori jangka pendek wanita dewasa muda. Kata kunci : herba pegagan, Centella asiatica, memori jangka pendek, wanita dewasa muda
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ABSTRACT THE EFFECT OF PEGAGAN HERB EXTRACT (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) ON YOUNG ADULT FEMALE SHORT TERM MEMORY Padrepio Ragil Rahadi, 2013,
1st Tutor: dr.Sylvia Soeng,M.Kes., PA (K) 2nd Tutor: dr.Decky Gunawan,M.Kes.AIFO
Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) is well known as herbs that is used as a medicine and has various effects, such as a remedy for oral thrush, antipyretic, anti keloid, the cure for ulcer, and fasten wound healing. On recent days the effect of pegagan is widely discussed is its ability to enchance memory. Gotu kola has some substrates that can increase blood circulation to the brain and central nervous system stimulatory (CNS). CNS stimulation will increase the ability to memorize. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) herbal extract on young adult female’s short term memory. This research was a true experimental method with complete randomized design (CRD) and pre-test and post-test and conducted to 30 subjects. The research was conducted using the method of R. LLOYD PETERSON and MARGARET JEAN PETERSON which is the number of three correct letters from a series of 15 questions that can be mentioned back within 6 seconds after counting the provided number minus three as much as possible, before and after taking two pills of 550mg of pegagan. with 45 minute intervals. Data was analyzed with paired t test, with α = 0.05, using computer software. The results showed the mean of correct answers for the question done before and after taking the pegagan (Centella asiatica (L)Urban) herbal extract for 45 minutes against the observation of short-term memory was 10.04 / 13.37, which shows very significant increase on short-term memory (p <0.01 ). The conclusions of this research is that pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) herbal extract can increase short-term memory of young adult women. Keyword: Herbs, Pegagan , Centella asiatica, short-term memory , young adult female
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DAFTAR ISI JUDUL ................................................................................................................i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN................................................................................ii SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................iii ABSTRAK ..........................................................................................................iv ABSTRACT ..........................................................................................................v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................vi DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ...............................................................................................xi DAFTAR GAMBAR ..........................................................................................xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang ...........................................................................................1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ..................................................................................2 1.3 Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................2 1.4 Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah .......................................................................2 1.4.1 Manfaat akademis ..............................................................................2 1.4.2 Manfaat praktis ..................................................................................2 1.5 Kerangka Pemikiran dan Hipotesis Penelitian ..........................................3 1.5.1 Kerangka Pemikiran ...........................................................................3 1.5.2 Hipotesis Penelitian ...........................................................................4
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Sistem Saraf Pusat ......................................................................................5 2.1.1 Otak .....................................................................................................5 2.1.1.1 Serebrum (Telencephalon) .........................................................5 2.1.1.2 Diensefalon ................................................................................6 2.1.1.3 Serebelum (Metencephalon) ......................................................6 2.1.1.4 Batang Otak ...............................................................................6
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2.1.2 Medula Spinalis ..................................................................................7 2.1.3 Fisiologi Otak ......................................................................................7 2.1.3.1 Area Asosiasi (Prefrontal) ..........................................................7 2.1.3.2 Pikiran, Kesadaran, dan Ingatan ................................................9 2.2 Belajar dan Memori ....................................................................................9 2.2.1 Belajar ................................................................................................10 2.2.2 Memori ..............................................................................................10 2.2.2.1 Definisi Memori........................................................................10 2.2.2.2 Klasifikasi Memori ...................................................................11 2.2.3 Proses Konsolidasi Ingatan ................................................................13 2.2.4 Penyimpanan Memori ........................................................................14 2.2.5 Tahapan Proses Memori ....................................................................15 2.2.6 Dasar Molekular Memori ..................................................................16 2.3 Formatio Reticularis ...................................................................................18 2.4 Obat Bahan Alam ......................................................................................19 2.5 Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L) Urban) .......................................................20 2.5.1 Klasifikasi Pegagan .............................................................................22 2.5.2 Khasiat Pegagan ..................................................................................22 2.5.3 Uji Toksisitas Herba Pegagan .............................................................23 2.5.4 Kandungan Bahan Aktif .....................................................................24 2.6 Hubungan Ekstrak Herba Pegagan Teradap Memori Jangka Pendek ........24
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Bahan, Alat, Subjek, Lokasi, dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................25 3.1.1 Bahan dan Alat Penelitian ..................................................................25 3.1.2 Subjek Penelitian ...............................................................................25 3.1.3 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian .............................................................26 3.2 Metode Penelitian ......................................................................................26 3.2.1 Desain Penelitian ...............................................................................26 3.2.2 Variabel Penelitian .............................................................................26
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3.2.2.1 Definisi Konsepsional Variabel .................................................26 3.2.2.2 Definisi Oprasional Variabel .....................................................27 3.2.3 Besar Sampel Penelitian ....................................................................27 3.3 Prosedur Penelitian ....................................................................................27 3.3.1 Persiapan Penelitian ............................................................................27 3.3.2 Prosedur Kerja ....................................................................................27 3.4 Analisis Data ..............................................................................................29 3.5 Aspek Etika Penelitian ................................................................................29
BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ...........................................................................................30 4.2 Pembahasan ................................................................................................32 4.3 Pengujian Hipotesis Penelitian ...................................................................32
BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan .....................................................................................................34 5.2 Saran ...........................................................................................................34
Daftar pustaka ...................................................................................................35 Lampiran ...........................................................................................................38 Riwayat Hidup ..................................................................................................44
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Potensi Ketoksikan Akut Senyawa Uji Berdasarkan Kriteria Loomis (1978) .................................................................... 23 Tabel 4.1 Hasil Benar Soal Memori Peterson and Peterson Sebelum dan Sesudah Perlakuan ..................................................... 30 Tabel 4.2 Hasil uji ‘t’ Test Berpasangan Jumlah Benar Test Memori Jangka Pendek Metode Peterson dan Peterson Pada Wanita Dewasa Muda Selama Pengamatan 45 Menit................................................................................................ 31
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Serebrum, Diensefalon, Serebelum, dan Batang Otak ................. 6 Gambar 2.2 Area Asosiasi Korteks Serebri ..................................................... 8 Gambar 2.3 Tahapan Proses Memori .............................................................. 16 Gambar 2.4 Mekanisme Habituasi dan Fasilitasi ............................................. 18 Gambar 2.5 Formatio Reticularis .................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.6 Tanaman Pegagan ........................................................................ 21 Gambar 2.7 Daun Pegagan ............................................................................... 21 Gambar 2.8 Hubungan ekstrak Herba Pegagan Terhadap Memori Jangka Pendek .............................................................................................................. 24
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
Lampiran 1. Surat pernyataan persetujuan untuk ikut serta dalam penelitian (informed consent) ...................................................................... 38 Lampiran 2. Lembar Kerja Penelitian .............................................................. 39 Lampiran 3. Data Hasil Penelitian ................................................................... 40 Lampiran 4. Data Hasil Pengolahan SPSS Jumlah Benar Soal Peterson and Peterson Sebelum dan Sesudah Perlakuan .................................. 41 Lampiran 5. Surat Keputusan Komisi Etik Penelitian .................................... 42 Lampiran 6. Dokumentasi ............................................................................... 43
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