OVERVIEW HSE FOCUSED ON INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
ERA INDUSTRIALISASI
MANUSIA INTE ER-AKSI
TATA SOEMITRA
5 P - GAME 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
PERTUMBUHAN PENDUDUK (POPULATION) KENAIKAN PRODUKSI (PRODUCTION) PERTAMBAHAN PENGGUNAAN ENERGI (POWER) PERLUASAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN (PLACE) BERTAMBAHNYA PENCEMARAN (POLLUTION)
Latar belakang mengapa K K--3 sangat dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan industri : 1. Bahwa setiap aktifitas industri selalu mengandung bahaya dan resiko keselamatan dan kesehatan 2. Bahwa bahaya dan risiko tersebut akan menimbulkan konsekuensi 1900
2000
2023
ILLUSTRATION MODEL TECHNOLOGY & SURVIVAL RUN
3. Apabila K-3 tidak dikelola dengan baik, maka akan menimbulkan kerugian (Loss)
( BRAUN – 1976 )
WORRYING TRENDS • Kemajuan dan kecanggihan teknologi ternyata membawa: Æ Masalah baru. Æ Risiko tinggi. Æ Sering kejadian kecelakaan. Æ Bencana • Yang memberi efek negative jangka panjang terhadap: – KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT. – KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT. – KUALITAS TANAH, AIR, UDARA.
PRESSURE ON INDUSTRY TO IMPROVE OF MANAGING SAFETY, HEALTH, AND ENVIRONMENT • THE QUALITY OF LIFE • ADVANCING TECHNOLOGY SAFELY HAZARDS EVALUATION
• • • •
DEVELOP HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION DEVELOP POSSIBLE CONSEQUENCES DEVELOP MITIGATION SYSTEMS DEVELOP EMERGENCY ALARM SYSTEMS
1
PREVENTING • • • • •
INJURIES ACCIDENTAL DEATHS PRODUCTION DELAYS WASTE HUMAN MISERY
IMPROVING • • • • •
MORALE DAMAGE CONTROL DISABILITY CONTROL COST CONTROL TOTAL PROCESS SAFETY
Kita sering “UNDER ESTIMATE” terhadap bahaya, risiko, dan konsekuensinya, sehingga lingkungan kerja dan lingkungan hidup berada dalam posisi: “THE LOWER PRIORITY” Cepat atau lambat, akan memberikan pengaruh: Æ ACCIDENT RATE. RATE Æ SEVERITY RATE. ÆOCCURRENCE OF DANGEROUS, BERUPA: . INCIDENTS . DISASTERS
Prior to the first consequence, opportunity for the “supervisory system” to control the risk
Opportunity for “active control” of the occurrence
Development of conditions supporting possible event mechanisms
Pre Emergency
WHY Opportunity for damage control and rehabilitation
Initiation specific of event outcome mechanism
Event
Detected damage starts complete recovered or stabilized
• MORALE ASPECTS Value, Human Right • FISCAL ASPECTS Cost, Economic • LEGAL ASPECTS Compliance
Post Emergency
ASPEK LEGAL KK-3 • Basic Philosophy : HAK AZASI MANUSIA ** Basic Principle : Setiap tenaga kerja berhak mendapat perlindungan atas keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja
Occupational Health and Safety
Engineering Control Administrative Control Behavior Control Illness/ Disease
Health Moral Legal Fiscal
HAZARD
RISK
Property p y Damage
LOSS
Incident/ Accident
Safety OHS Integrated Management System
2
INTERAKSI INDIVIDU, HAZARD DAN POSSIBLE OUTCOME Individual
Hazard
Incident Accident Out Come
• Individual - Illness, Injury, Disability, Death
• Manage and controlling Hazards. • Manage and controlling Risk - Physical Environmental Risk - At Risk Behavior
• Workplace - Damage, Loss
• Environment - Damage, Loss, Degradation Pollution
ILLNESS INJURY DAMAGE
What is Health And Safety Culture
Person
PERSON • • • • • • •
Health Environment And Safety Culture
Behavior
ENVIRONMENT • • • • • •
Equipment, Tools Machines Engineering Management System Standard Operating Procedures
LOSS
Knowledge Skills Abilities B li f Belief Attitude Perception of Risk Value, Etc
BEHAVIOR • • • • •
Actively Caring Complying Coaching g Recognizing Communicating
3
TUJUAN AKHIR DARI KK-3 :
¾Tidak menderita cacat ¾Tidak menderita sakit ¾Tidak terjadi “Premature Death” ¾Usia harapan hidup tinggi ¾Memiliki kapasitas kerja yang tinggi ¾Mampu menikmati masa pensiun sekurang-kurangnya 10 tahun setelah purna karya
Yang berarti sehat : ¾FISIK ¾MENTAL ¾SOSIAL ¾SPIRITUAL Sehingga mendapatkan tingkat : yang tinggi.
MENGAPA PERLU HIGIENE INDUSTRI • Lingkungan kerja tidak akan pernah bebas dari bahaya terhadap kesehatan kerja • Bahwa pekerja merupakan modal utama dalam suatu perusahaan • Banyaknya kejadian akibat kerja
penyakit
maupun
injuri
• Perusahaan akan mengalami kerugian yang tidak ternilai jumlahnya jika terjadi peningkatan kejadian penyakit akibat kerja dan meningkatnya ketidakhadiran pekerja karena sakit yang diakibatkan oleh bahaya yang timbul ditempat kerja.
INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND HEALTH 3 (THREE) SKILLS INVOLVED :
QUALITY OF WORKING LIFE :
• Mulai dikeluarkannya peraturan-peraturan yang mengharuskan perusahaan untuk menjaga dan meningkatkan kesehatan pekerjanya - Undang-undang - Peraturan (nasional dan internasional) - Standar-standar - Regulasi - ISO - dll • Mengabaikan hak pekerja untuk tetap sehat berarti melanggar HAM • Higene industri merupakan suatu metode yang efektif dalam mengelola lingkungan kerja dan pekerja dalam menekan tingkat kejadin injury dan penyakit akibat kerja
SAFETY ENGINEERING MAIN CONCERN :
SAFETY ENGINEERING
SAFE CONSTRUCTION
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE
SAFE WORK PROCESSES
INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE
SAFE PRACTICES.
ENGINEERING CONTROL OF ENVIRONMENT
4
INDUSTRIAL MEDICINE MAIN CONCERN : EVALUATING OF PERSON’S FITNESS FOR JOB. MONITORING AND MAINTANANCE OF GOOD HEALTH OF EMPLOYEE.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE MAIN CONCERN : RECOGNITION OF HAZARDS. EVALUATION OF HAZARDS.
MINIMIZE CONSEQUENCE OF WORK RELATED INJURY
CONTROL OF HAZARDS :
AND DISEASE.
9 IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT.
HELP MINIMIZE WORK RELATED OR PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS. ADVISE MANAGEMENT ON ALL HEALTH RELATED MATTER
9 POLLUTENTS FROM WORK PROCESSES. HAZARDS COMMUNICATION.
AT WORKPLACE AND FROM WORK PROCESS.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE Definisi :
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE “GUARDIAN OF THE WORKPLACE”
Loss Control
ILMU dan SENI yang berperan dalam melaksanakan upaya pegenalan, pengukuran, pemantauan, evaluasi dan pengontrolan BAHAYA di Lingkungan Kerja, yang dapat muncul dari kegiatan operasi industri, industri yang mana bahaya tersebut dapat mengganggu : • KESEHATAN • KESELAMATAN • KENYAMANAN • EFESIENSI dikalangan pekerja dan atau masyarakat disekitar daerah kegiatan operasi tersebut.
INJURY AND ILLNESS
PEOPLE
STRUCK BY (I (Injury/Damage) j /D )
FALL ON SAME LEVEL (Injury/Damage) (I j /D )
ENVIRONMENT
EQUIPMENT
MATERIALS
EXPOSURE (Illness)
5
ILO ESTIMATES (ILC(ILC-2003) : • 6,000 workers die each day Æ 2,190,000/year as a result of work –related accidents and illnesses • 590,000 590 000 deaths are caused by 270 million accidents at work per year. • 1,600,000 deaths are caused by 160 million work-related diseases
RUANG LINGKUP RECOGNITION: Mengenal bahaya lingkungan yang berhubungan dengan pekerjaan ( Work Operation) dan pemahaman dari efek atau akibatnya terhadap para pekerja maupun masyarakat disekitarnya. EVALUATION: Mengevaluasi faktor bahaya dilingkungan kerja dengan melakukan pengukuran dan pemantauan kuantitatif untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh bahaya tersebut, sehingga menimbulkan gangguan kesehatan dan kehidupan para pekerja.
• Melakukan inspeksi daerah operasi perusahaan dan lingkungan secara berkala untuk mengenal dan mengukur serta memonitor bahaya yang mungkin akan mengancam kesehatan dan keselamatan. • Turut aktif mereview aspek HSE terhadap setiap rencana konstruksi, renovasi fasilitas produksi/ operasi agar tetap mematuhi / memenuhi aturan panduan Industrial Hygiene Engineering.
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENIST Seseorang yang memiliki latar belakang pendidikan formal seperti : • ENGINEERING • CHEMISTRY • PHYSIC • MEDICINE • BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE • RELATED DISCIPLINES Ditambah dengan pengalaman dan special training yang erat hubungannya dengan HSE.
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY: Pemilihan cara /metode pengontrolan yang efektif efesien untuk mengurangi atau menghilangkan dampak bahayanya. PERANAN DAN FUNGSI Membantu pimpinan secara professional dalam upaya memlihara tenaga kerja yang sehat, serta upaya memelihara/meningkatkan lingkungan kerja yang bersih, nyaman dan aman.
• Membuat, merencanakan, menerapkan dan melakukan evaluasi program kegiatan mengenai upaya mengurangi atau menghilangkan bahaya dilingkungan kerja, serta resiko dampaknya. • Mengkomunikasikan faktor bahaya lingkungan kerja beserta resikonya kepada employees, contractors, atau kelompok beresiko tinggi, melalui : HAZARD COMMUNICATION PROGRAM (HAZCOM) • Membantu pelaksanaan program pelatihan Health, Safety and Environment
6
PRIMARY RESPONSIBILITY
B. TO EMPLOYERS :
1. To : – respect confidences
A. IN GENERAL : 1. To protect the health of employee 2. To maintain an objective attitude toward : • • • •
RECOGNITION OF HEALTH HAZARDS EVALUATION OF HEALTH HAZARDS CONTROL & CORRECTIVE MEASURES HEALTH AND WELFARE OF WORKERS
3. To counsel employees regarding the health hazards and necessary precaution to avoid adverse health effects.
MAN
MEDICINE
– advise honestly – report findings – recommend accurately 2. To act responsibly in the application of healthful working environments of IH principle toward the attainments. 3. To hold responsibilities to the employer or client to the ultimate responsibility to protect the health of employees
WORKPLACE
SAFETY
HYGIENE
PREVENTION OF DESEASES
PREVENTION OF INJURIES
PREVENTION
TREATMENT
BASIC CONCEPT
WORKER & THE VARIED INFLUENCES THAT SURROUND HIM/HER RELEVANT LEGISLATION PHYSICAL MECHANICAL KINETICAL ELECTRICAL
OCCUPATIONAL HYGIENIST
HAZARD
METABOLISME
ENVIRONMENT
CLINICAL SIGNS
MODES OF ACTION
HAZARD EFFECTS
CHEMICAL
PERSONAL HEALTH SERVICE
WORKER BIOLOGICAL
PHYSICIAN
PSYCHOSOCIAL ERGONOMICS
7
EXPOSURE
OUTCOME
PLANNING
PREPLACEMENT EXAMS
ANTICIPATION
TOXICOLOGY
EXCESSIVE ?
ANALYSIS
HEALTH EFFECTS ?
POSITIVE ?
POSITIVE ? YES YES CONTROL
OUTCOME MONITORING
EPIDEMIOLOGY
CONTROL
YES
HEALTH HAZARD
YES
TREAT
COMPANY POLICY
INFORM EMP
BELOW REGULATED LEVEL
HAZARD
MAINTENANCE PROGRAMS
CONTROL
HOUSEKEEPING
PROGRAM
STANDARD
AUTHORITY/RESPONSI LITY ASSIGMENT
EMPLOYEE ORIENTATION, INVOLVE MENT TRAINING AND EDUCATION
ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION EVALUATION OF PROGRAM EFFECTIVENESS
SUPERVISION PROGRAM ENFORCEMENT
CONTROL
MEDICAL EXAM
ENGINEE RING CONTROL
ABOVE REGULATED LEVEL
INTERIM PERSO NAL PROTECT
ENGINEE RING CONTROL
LABEL
NEGATIVE
• Employee Relation • EEO • Comp. & Benefits
• Engineering • Manufacturing • Environment Control • Product safety •Training
THE FOUR BASIC METHODS OF COTROLLING OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS 1
HAZARDS
INDIVIDUAL
2
HAZARDS
INDIVIDUAL
Elimination of The Hazards
DECREASING
ADEQUATE PHYSICAL & ECONOMIC RESOURCES SAFETY COMMIITTEES
• Manufacturing • Purchasing •R&D • Medical
• Manufacturing • Legal
PROGRAM OBJECTIVE
MONITORING PROGRAMS
EVALUATION
MONITOR ENV
OCCUPTIO NAL DISEASE ?
WORKERS COMPENSATION
HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION HAZARD EVALUATION
RECOGNITION
FUNCIONAL INPUT
EXPOSURE MONITORING
SURVEILLANCE
INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE PROCESS INDUSTRIA AL HYGIENE PROCESS
INTEGRATED STRATEGY FOR PREVENTING OCCUPATIONAL DISEASE AND INJURY
ORDER OF
3
HAZARDS
INDIVIDUAL
Isolation of the hazards
HAZARDS
INDIVIDUAL
Protection of individual
EFFECTIVENESS
4
Removal of individual From exposure
CONTROL TECHNOLOGY Principles :
Practices :
1. At the source of the hazards 2. In the workplace environment 3. At the point exposure of the individual • • • •
Monitoring of process Control of exposure levels Training and education Effective management
•
Professional competence
The control consist of :
• Engineering design • Monitoring & Evaluation • Work practices • PPE
Other factor :
• Toxicity – short/long term • Route of exposure • Time of exposure • Physical state of pure component and mixture • Biological indices
8
The major area relating to protection of :
5. Protecting :
1. Anticipate, Identify, Evaluate
of Hazardous Condition and Practices
2. Develop Hazard Control
- Design - Method - Procedure
- Work force - General Public
• People • Property • Environment
- Environment 6. Study
- Material - Structure
Resources to Control
- Code
Hazard of :
- Operation
- Tools - Equipment
- Program 3. Implement, Administer, Advise Other on hazard control program
- Machinery
4. Measure, Audit, Evaluate
- Others
The effectiveness of hazard control program
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT 7. Define interaction between people and :
• • • • •
Physical factors Chemicals factors Biological factors Ergonomics factors Psychological factors
THE PPE PROCESS : • IDENTIFY THE HAZARD WITH DETAILED EXAMINATION • MACTH THE PPE TO THE HAZARD/SPECIFIC HAZARD. • GAIN EMPLOYEE ACEPTANCE FOR PPE. ¾ COMFORT. ¾ APPEARANCE. ¾ SELECTION. • MUST MEET PERFORMANCE STANDARDS
REASONS FOR UPGRADING PPE : • ADDITIONAL OR MORE SEVERE HAZARDS. • CHANGE IN WORK-INCREASED EXPOSURE. • EMPLOYEE REQUEST.
REASONS FOR DOWN GRADING PPE : • LESS SEVERE HAZARDS. • CHANGE IN WORK-LESS EXPOSURE.
ONE PROGRAM FOR ALL REASONS Safety and health program effective by doing the following : • Being committed to making the program work • Holding employees accountable for following safe work practices. • Keeping employees involved in the program • Identifying and controlling all workplace hazards • Investigating all near miss accidents and incidents • Educating and training employees about safe work practices • Reviewing the regularly to ensure that is stays effective
Efforts: To assure for every working man and woman in the nation safe and healthful working conditions. Enlarging scope and importance of occupational diseases. Continuing development of epidemiology, epidemiology clinical, clinical and toxicological information relating to their causation and diagnosis. Physician must be able to recognize work-related diseases and injuries, so as to take appropriate action and to assure that patient care is coordinated with management of the environment.
9
THROUGH:
OHS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
1. Realistic Long-term Objectives.
• INTEGRATED INTO ASPECT OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS
2. Multidisciplinary Preventive Elements.
• INTEGRATED TO ORGANIZATIONAL OBJECTIVES
3 Surveillance of work environment and health 3. of workers.
• INTEGRATED TO QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
4. Appropriate, relevant, protection, maintenance, and health promotion element.
• INTEGRATED TO DESIGN, EQUIPMENT AND PRODUCTIVE PROCESS • INTEGRATED TO EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR OR TO CORPORATE CULTURE
YOUR WORKPLACE SAFETY AND HEALTH PROGRAM Management Commitment
Hazard Control
Accountabillity
MANAGEMENT COMMITMENT Develop a written policy hazardous chemical containers train employees about chemical hazards and inform contractor about hazardous chemicals used the workplane
ACCOUNTABILLITY
Hazard Identification
Determine who should be responsible for identifying hazardous chemicals, maintaining MSDS, and ensuring chemical containers are porperly labeled
HAZARD CONTROL Identify and list hazardous chemicals in the workplane. Periodically update the list or keep it
HAZARD CONTROL * Develop a method of informing employees * Properly label, tag or mark hazardous chemicals * Maintain a material safety data sheet each hazardous chemical use in the workplace
Hazardous Materials and Its Hazard Communication
Required R i d Programs
ACCIDENT AND INVESTIGATION
Education and Training
Employee Involvement
Investigate accidents or near miss incident involving exposure to hazardous chemicals. Determine what caused and accident and how to prevent it
EDUCATION AND TRAINING Inform and train employees
EVALUATION Evaluation
Accident Investigation
HAZARDS • • • • • •
Mechanical, Kinetic, Electric Physical Biological Chemical Ergonomics Psychosocial
Periodically review accident report and training record
EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT Get employee involvement in helping you identify hazards
The problem and prospective in the field of Occupational Safety and Health: The dangers. Acute effects. Chronic effects. Latent and Subtle effect. from the flood of products and raw materials, thousands of new chemicals, physicals and biological combination into the environment. The primary function of the institutions is to access the extent of and mean for: 1. Preventing diseases and injuries. 2. Minimize, reduce health hazards in the workplace. 3. Disseminate the information.
10
The new measures will promote the development of : 1. A preventative safety and health culture through the elevation of occupational safety and health programs. 2. The promotion of safer and healthier working environments through preventive measures.
GOAL
ENVIRONMENTAL’ POEM
g “HSE” r getting “HSE” right
IF YOU LOVE YOUR CHILDREN IF YOU WISH THEM TO BE HAPPY LOVE YOUR EARTH WITH TENDER CARE AND PASS IT ONTO THEM DIVERSE AND BEAUTIFUL SO THAT THEY 10,000 YEARS HENCE MAY LIVE IN A UNIVERSE STILL DIVERSE AND BEAUTIFUL AND FIND JOY AND WONDER IN BEING ALIVE
• NO ACCIDENT • NO HARM TO PEOPLE • NO PROPERTY DAMAGE • NO ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE
11
