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Uitgangs s ituatie 2010

PKB Schiphol

SBT L Startnota Per s pectievennota Rui mtelij k-economis ch bel eid

Aannames 2010 - 2030

Her z i ening PKB Schiphol ONL luchthavens cenar io

Beleids ui tgangs punten

Inter actie r ui mtelijke ontwikkeling/luchthavenalter natief

Luchthavenalter natieven (Star tnoti tie MER)

T oets ings kader (globaal)

Optimalis er ing r uimtelijke ontwikkeling/ luchthavenalter natieven (“bes t fit”)

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Impact op ruimtelijke structuur

Impact op ruimtelijke structuur bij hoge ruimtedruk

milieu en veiligheid

Geen beperkingen meer aan ruimtegebruik door wegvallen milieu- en veiligheidszones boven land.

ruimtegebruik

In grote delen van Noord- en Zuid-Holland kan ruimte vrij komen voor invulling met nieuwe functies. De Aldus ter beschikking komende plekken - op Schiphol zelf en in delen van de voormalige geluid- en veiligheidszones - kunnen zich tot hoogwaardige locaties voor wonen en bedrijvigheid ontwikkelen. Een aanzienlijk deel van de gebieden die gelegen zijn in de voormalige geluid- en veiligheidszones zijn overigens vastgelegd door middel van de ‘bestemming groen’: bufferzones, Spaarnwoude, Groene Hart. Op Schiphol komt ruimte vrij voor nieuwe functies; deze ruimte is groter dan bij Noordzee I omdat ook de terminalfaciliteiten worden verplaatst; voormalige terminalfaciliteiten kunnen worden aangewend voor R&D-activiteiten, internationale beurzen en congressen en leisure-activiteiten.

Structurerende effecten wonen

Vrijkomende ruimte op Schiphol en omgeving biedt in potentie

Zowel bij minimale als bij maximale ruimtedruk is

de mogelijkheid om hoogwaardige woonmilieus te ontwikkelen.

de Haarlemmermeer een voor de hand liggende

Door hoge grondprijzen a.g.v. ontwikkeling van economische

locatie voor woningbouw, met kansen voor

activiteiten kan de woonfunctie onder druk komen te staan. De

differentiatie in woonmilieus.

gewenste kwaliteit van de woonmilieus kan gaan conflicteren met grote concentraties en dichtheden van luchthavengerelateerde bedrijvigheid. Omdat de Noordzeeluchthaven meerdere toegangspunten heeft, kunnen werknemers van de luchthaven in principe kiezen uit meerdere, potentiële woonplaatsen. De druk op Schiphol neemt daardoor af. Een en ander is echter afhankelijk van de kwaliteit van de verbindingen. bedrijvigheid

Vrijkomende ruimte op Schiphol is in potentie zeer geschikt als

Ontwikkeling van Schiphol tot een locatie waar

vestigingsplaats voor economische activiteiten.

naast het wonen de functie bedrijvigheid

Luchthavengerelateerde bedrijvigheid kan zich, dankzij de

dominant is, ligt voor de hand.

selectieve ontsluiting, verspreiden over meerdere centra en is niet meer exclusief op Schiphol georiënteerd. Selectieve ontsluiting kan ook voor de overige economische activiteiten een ‘decentraliserend’ effect hebben. Een en ander is sterk afhankelijk van de kwaliteit van de bereikbaarheid van het Noordzee-eiland vanuit Schiphol ten opzichte van die vanuit andere centra. Clustering van activiteiten tot internationaal centrum is niet waarschijnlijk. Centrum van nationaal niveau ligt meer voor de hand. groen

Binnen het streven naar een hoogwaardig vestigings- en

Door concurrerende ruimteclaims komt

woonklimaat is er behoefte aan ‘hoogwaardig’ groen

groenontwikkeling rondom Schiphol onder druk.

(landschapsparken, recreatievoorzieningen). bereikbaarheid en mobiliteit

Door verdere ontwikkeling van wonen en bedrijvigheid neemt de mobiliteit rondom Schiphol en in de Randstad als geheel aanzienlijk toe. Door de selectieve ontsluiting van het Noordzee-eiland zal de mobiliteitsgroei zich verspreiden over meerdere centra en relaties. Relatieve verschillen in bereikbaarheid zullen bepalend zijn voor de aantrekkingskracht van centra voor wonen en bedrijvigheid. De ontwikkeling van Schiphol zal in belangrijke mate bepaald worden door de (extra) bereikbaarheid die geboden kan worden t.o.v. concurrerende centra (met name Amsterdam/Noordvleugel).

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De mate waarin (omvang/schaalniveau) Schiphol zich

Druk op akkerbouwactiviteiten.

ontwikkelt tot woon- en werklocatie is afhankelijk van beleidsambities (woningbouwopgave, gewenste kwaliteit, menging van functies) en concurrentie door andere centra. De ontwikkeling van Schiphol is sterk bepalend voor de inrichting van het gehele gebied. Bolllenstreek

De druk om te verstedelijken is vanuit de luchthavenontwikkeling

Verdergaande verstedelijking lijkt onvermijdelijk.

beperkt, tenzij er een toegangspoort op de shuttle-verbinding bij de tunnelmond (ter hoogte van Warmond) wordt gesitueerd. De selectieve ontsluiting van het Noordzee-eiland kan ertoe leiden dat ruimte voor bedrijvigheid met name rondom de centra met een directe verbinding met de Noordzeeluchthaven wordt gezocht. Eventuele woningbouwopgave is afhankelijk van de ruimtedruk en de ruimte die op Schiphol voor woningbouw wordt gereserveerd. Duinzone

In principe alleen doorsnijding van de duinzone door nieuwe infrastructuur (inpassingsopgave). Knooppuntontwikkeling bij het aanlandingspunt zal beperkt zijn, tenzij gekozen wordt voor een fors ingrijpen in de bestaande structuur/kwaliteiten.

Groene Hart

Door wegvallen van milieuzones ontstaat in binnenflankzone

Verdere verstedelijking in de Schipholregio en

ruimte voor groenontwikkeling in combinatie met (beperkte)

(nieuwe) knopen op de ring brengt het risico met

verstedelijking.

zich mee van aantasting van de grenzen van het Groene Hart.

Ontwikkeling knopen knooppunt Noordzee

Directe platformgebonden activiteiten (incl. tax-free, hotelfaciliteiten, restaurants) gaan in ieder geval naar het Noordzee-eiland. De mate waarin dit met zakelijke dienstverlening, toeleveranciers en leisure-activiteiten gebeurt is hoogst onzeker. Enerzijds speelt de relatief perifere ligging in combinatie met het onaantrekkelijk vestigingsklimaat een rol, anderzijds is er de potentiële aantrekkingskracht van de Noordzeelocatie. De ontwikkeling is afhankelijk van de kwaliteit van de bereikbaarheid met de belangrijkste centra en de aantrekkingskracht van concurrerende centra (toegangsknopen). Al met al is de onvoorspelbaarheid van de economische ontwikkelingen op de Noordzeeluchthaven groot.

knooppunt Schiphol

De betekenis van Schiphol als knooppunt neemt af. Primair door het creëren van meer toegangspoorten naast Schiphol, waardoor de exclusieve oriëntatie verdwijnt. Daarnaast neemt de betekenis van Schiphol als knooppunt af door de (mogelijke) trek naar het eiland van economische activiteiten. De ontwikkeling van Schiphol en omgeving als gecombineerde werk- en woonlocatie (gemengde functie) ligt voor de hand. De omvang/het schaalniveau is afhankelijk van beleidsambities en de ontwikkeling van concurrerende centra.

knooppunt Amsterdam

Amsterdam verliest aan bereikbaarheid, tenzij een rechtstreekse verbinding met het eiland wordt gerealiseerd. De positie ten opzichte van andere Randstad-centra is afhankelijk van de relatieve veranderingen in bereikbaarheid ten opzichte van deze centra. De ontwikkeling van Schiphol kan bedreigend zijn voor de ontwikkeling van Amsterdam.

knooppunten Randstad

De drie grote steden verliezen eveneens aan bereikbaarheid, tenzij dit door een rechtstreekse verbinding met het eiland wordt gecompenseerd. Zie verder Amsterdam. De kwaliteit van de bereikbaarheid wordt sterk bepalend voor ontwikkelingspotenties.

knooppunten Nederland

Overige knooppunten verliezen in elk geval aan bereikbaarheid. Voor sommige centra (met name in het oosten en zuiden) kan de kritische grens van bereikbaarheid overschreden worden, met als gevolg oriëntatie op andere luchthavens (Brussel, Dusseldorf). Concurrentiepositie overige knooppunten t.o.v.

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Impact op ruimtelijke structuur

milieu en veiligheid

Geen beperkingen meer aan ruimtegebruik door wegvallen milieu- en veiligheidszones boven land

ruimtegebruik

In grote delen van Noord- en Zuid-Holland kan ruimte vrij komen voor invulling met nieuwe functies. De Aldus ter beschikking komende plekken - op Schiphol zelf en in delen van de voormalige geluid- en veiligheidszones - kunnen zich tot hoogwaardige locaties voor wonen en bedrijvigheid ontwikkelen. Een aanzienlijk deel van de gebieden die gelegen zijn in de voormalige geluid- en veiligheidszones zijn overigens vastgelegd door middel van de ‘bestemming groen’: bufferzones, Spaarnwoude, Groene Hart Op Schiphol komt ruimte vrij voor nieuwe functies; deze ruimte is groter dan bij Noordzee I en Noordzee II omdat de terminalfaciliteiten en een deel van de luchthavengerelateerde bedrijvigheid worden mee-verplaatst c.q. mee-verhuizen. De mate waarin dit laatste gebeurt is onzeker (zie verder onder knooppunt Noordzee). Voormalige terminalfaciliteiten kunnen worden aangewend voor R&D activiteiten, internationale beurzen en congressen en leisureactiviteiten.

Structurerende effecten wonen

bedrijvigheid

groen

bereikbaarheid en mobiliteit

!

Vrijkomende ruimte op Schiphol en omgeving biedt in potentie de mogelijkheid om een hoogwaardig woonmilieu te ontwikkelen. Door hoge grondprijzen a.g.v. ontwikkeling economische activiteiten kan woonfunctie onder druk komen te staan. Wanneer een deel van de huidige Schipholgerelateerde bedrijvigheid voor een bedrijfslocatie op het eiland kiest, ontstaat er meer ruimte voor de woonfunctie, deels door herbestemming en herinrichting van bedrijfslocaties, deels door een afnemende vraag naar ruimte voor bedrijvigheid. Omdat de Noordzee-locatie een decentrale ontsluiting heeft kunnen werknemers van de luchthaven en luchthavengerelateerde bedrijvigheid kiezen uit meerdere, potentiële woonplaatsen. Vrijkomende ruimte op Schiphol is in potentie zeer geschikt als vestigingsplaats voor economische activiteiten. Luchthavengerelateerde bedrijvigheid zal zich voor een deel verplaatsen naar het multifunctioneel eiland; de mate waarin dit gebeurt is zeer onzeker. Economische activiteiten kunnen zich, dankzij de decentrale ontsluiting, verspreiden over meerdere centra. De oriëntatie op Schiphol neemt al met al af. De vraag is welke ‘intrinsieke’ aantrekkingskracht Schiphol nog heeft voor economische activiteiten. Bereikbaarheid wordt een sterk bepalende kwaliteit. Clustering van activiteiten tot internationaal centrum is niet waarschijnlijk. Centrum van nationaal of regionaal niveau ligt meer voor de hand. Er zijn naar verhouding veel mogelijkheden voor groenontwikkeling. Ook hier zal de groenontwikkeling plaatsvinden binnen het streven naar een hoogwaardig vestigings- en woonklimaat (landschapsparken, recreatievoorzieningen). Door de decentrale ontsluiting (rail, autoweg) van het multifunctioneel eiland zal de groei van de mobiliteit zich verspreiden over meerdere centra en relaties. In de

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Impact op ruimtelijke structuur bij hoge ruimtedruk

Zowel bij minimale als bij maximale ruimtedruk is de Haarlemmermeer een voor de hand liggende locatie voor woningbouw, met kansen voor differentiatie in woonmilieus.

De dominante positie van luchthavengerelateerde activiteiten neemt af. Er zijn kansen aanwezig voor de ontwikkeling van Schiphol tot een locatie waar naast het wonen de functie bedrijvigheid dominant aanwezig is.

Groenontwikkeling zal vooral worden gezien als een integraal onderdeel in het bewerkstelligen van een hoogwaardig woon- en vestigingsmilieu.

! Noordvleugel wordt het wegenstelsel ontlast door het gedeeltelijk wegvallen van het luchthavengebonden verkeer. Anderzijds wordt de kwetsbare buitenflank, en dan met name de kuststrook, bedreigd door nieuwe ontsluitende infrastructuur.

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Bolllenstreek

De dominante positie van luchthavengerelateerde activiteiten neemt af. Er zijn kansen aanwezig voor de ontwikkeling van een ‘gemengd’ Schiphol (combinatie van wonen en werken) in de Haarlemmermeer. De omvang/het schaalniveau van dit Schiphol is afhankelijk van beleidsambities (woningbouwopgave, gewenste kwaliteiten, menging van functies). De ontwikkeling van Schiphol is sterk bepalend voor de inrichting van het gehele gebied. Eventuele woningbouwopgave is afhankelijk van de ruimtedruk en de ruimte die in de Haarlemmermeer voor woningbouw wordt gereserveerd.

Duinzone

Doorsnijding van de duinzone door nieuwe ontsluitende infrastructuur (inpassingsopgave).

Groene Hart

Door het wegvallen van milieuzones ontstaat in de binnenflankzone ruimte voor groenontwikkeling in combinatie met (beperkte) verstedelijking.

Ontwikkeling knopen knooppunt Noordzee

De mate waarin met name zakelijke dienstverlening, vestigingen van toeleveranciers en leisure-activiteiten zich op het eiland zullen ontwikkelen is hoogst onzeker. Enerzijds speelt de relatief perifere ligging in combinatie met het onaantrekkelijk vestigingsklimaat een rol, anderzijds is er de potentiële aantrekkingskracht van de Noordzeelocatie. De ontwikkeling van het knooppunt is afhankelijk van de kwaliteit van de bereikbaarheid met de belangrijkste centra en van de aantrekkingskracht van concurrerende centra (andere knooppunten). Al met al is de onvoorspelbaarheid van de economische ontwikkelingen op de Noordzeeluchthaven groot.

Wanneer een deel van de bedrijvigheid inderdaad naar het eiland mee-verhuist, neemt de betekenis van Schiphol af. De vraag is welke ‘intrinsieke’ aantrekkingskracht Schiphol dan nog heeft voor economische activiteiten. De kwaliteit van de bereikbaarheid wordt sterk bepalend voor de aantrekkingskracht van Schiphol. De clustering van activiteiten tot een internationaal centrum is niet waarschijnlijk. Het knooppunt Schiphol als centrum van nationaal of regionaal niveau ligt meer voor de hand. knooppunt Amsterdam Het Noordzee-eiland kan zich tot concurrent ontwikkelen, afhankelijk van de aantrekkingskracht die een eilandlocatie heeft. Het Noordzee-eiland kan zich tot concurrent ontwikkelen, knooppunten afhankelijk van de aantrekkingskracht die de eilandlocatie Randstad heeft. knooppunt Schiphol

knooppunten Nederland

Binnen de Randstad nemen de vestigingsmogelijkheden voor bedrijvigheid toe, waardoor de druk op ontwikkeling (in knooppunten) buiten de Randstad afneemt.

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Verdere verstedelijking rond Schiphol en (nieuwe) knopen op de ring brengt risico met zich mee van aantasting grenzen van het Groene Hart.

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