11. Halawani E. Antibacterial activity of timokuinon and thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa L. and their interaction with some antibiotics

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1. Yuwono. Staphylococcus aureus dan Methicilin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Palembang: Departemen Mikrobiologi FK Unsri; 2012. 2. Organization WH. Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Report on Surveillance World Health Organiztion; 2014. 3. Yuwono H, Biomed M. Pandemi Resistensi Antimikroba : Belajar dari MRSA; 2010;(1):2837–50. 4. Todar, Kenneth. Todar's online textbook of bacteriology. University of Wisconsin-Madison Department of Bacteriology; 2006. 5. Sulistyaningsih. Uji Kepekaan Beberapa Sediaan Antiseptik terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus aureus Resisten Metisilin (MRSA). Bandung : Universitas Padjajaran; 2010. 6. Hannan A, Saleem S, Chaudhary S, Barkaat M, Arshad MU. Anti bacterial activity of Nigella sativa against clinical isolates of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad; 2008;20(3):72–4. 7. Hosseinzadeh H, Bazzaz BSF, Haghi MM. Antibacterial activity of total extracts and essential oil of Nigella Sativa L. seeds in mice. Pharmacolgyonline; 2007;435:429–35. 8. Al-somat M, Al-adhal A, Ghanem N, Al-moyed K, Shopit A. Susceptibility of Clinical Bacterial Isolates and Control Strains to Nigella Sativa Oil; 2014. 9. Nagi AA, Mariana NS, Hana FZ, Rasedee A. Extraction of Essential Oil from Nigella sativa Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide : Study of Antibacterial Activity Laboratory Immunotherapeutic and Vaccine, Institute of Bioscience Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine and H. Am J Pharmacol Toxicol; 2008;3(4):225–8. 10. Ismaeil AS. Effect of Black Seed Alkaloids Against some Pathogenic Bacteria; 2011;22(4):9–16.

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11. Halawani E. Antibacterial activity of timokuinon and thymohydroquinone of Nigella sativa L. and their interaction with some antibiotics. Adv Biol Res (Rennes). 2009;3:148–52. 12. Amrullah A, Satari MH. Efektivitas Daya Antibakteri Habatussaudah terhadap Staphylococcus aureus Resisten Metisilin (MRSA). FKG Universitas Padjajaran; 2009. 13. Katzung, Bertram G. Farmakologi Dasar dan Klinik (Basic and Clinical Pharmacology) Edisi 10. Jakarta: EGC; 2012. 14. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pealler MA, Yolken RH. Manual of Clincal Microbology Vol. 1 Ed. 8th. Washington DC : ASM Press; 2003. 15. Büyüköztürk S, Gelincik A, Özşeker F, Genç S, Şavran FO, Kiran B, et al. Nigella sativa (black seed) oil does not affect the T-helper 1 and T-helper 2 type cytokine production from splenic mononuclear cells in allergen sensitized mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;100:295–8. 16. Saxena, R. Practical Hepatic Pathology: A Diagnostic Approach: A Volume in the Pattern Recognition Series. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012. 17. Perera J, Ranjithan C, Gamage S. Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Ceylon Med J; 2011;37:12–4. 18. Greenwood D, Slack RC, Barer MR, Irving WL. Medical Microbiology: A Guide to Microbial Infections: Pathogenesis, Immunity, Laboratory Diagnosis and Control. With STUDENT CONSULT Online Access. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2012. 19. Harvey, Richard A. Microbiology. Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. 20. Gordon RJ, Lowy FD. Pathogenesis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection. Clin Infect Dis; 2008;46(5):S350–9. 21. Biantoro

IK.

Methicillin-Resistant

Staphylococcus

aureus

Yogyakarta : Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Gadjah Mada; 2008.

(MRSA).

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22. Brooks GF, Butel JS, Morse SA. Mikrobiologi Kedokteran Jawetz, Melnick &

Adelberg. Jakarta: EGC; 2007. 23. Nielsen OL et al. A pig model of acute Staphylococcus aureus induced pyemia. Acta Vet Scand; 2009;51:14. 24. Fuda C, Suvorov M, Vakulenko SB, Mobashery S. The basis for resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics by penicillin-binding protein 2a of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Biol Chem; 2004;279(39):40802–6. 25. Al-Khalaf M.I KSR. Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity of Nigella sativa oil – A Review. Aust J Basic Appl Sci; 2013;7(7):505–14. 26. Sopia, Siti. Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella Sativa) terhadap Motilitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar Jantan Hiperlipidemia. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2009. 27. Khasanah N. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Jintan Hitam Terhadap Respon Proliferasi Limfosit Limpa Mencit BALB/C yang diinfeksi Salmonella typhimurium. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2009. 28. Sufrida Y, Edi J. Sembuhkan penyakit dengan habbatussauda. Jakarta: Agromedia Pustaka; 2006. 29. Sari AIP. Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Salmonella typhimurium In Vitro. Semarang: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro; 2009. 30. Putra, Nordiansyah. Effect Antimicrobacterial Nigella sativa for Inhibits Growth of Bacteria. Majority; 2015:4(4):70-3. 31. Paarakh PM. Nigella sativa Linn.- A comprehensive review. Indian J Nat Prod Resour; 2010;1(4):409–29. 32. Salem ML. Imunomodulatory and therapeutic properties of the Nigella sativa L. seed. International Immunopharmacology; 2005. p. 1749–70. 33. Johnson AG, Ziegler RJ, Hawley L. Essential Mikrobiologi dan Imunologi Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Binarupa Aksara; 2011.

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34. Amirudin R. Fisiologi dan Biokimia Hati. Dalam: Sudoyo AW, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata MK, Setiati S, Editor. Ilmu Penyakit Dalam Jilid I Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Pusat Penerbitan IPD FKUI; 2009. p. 627-33. 35. Kresno SB. Imunologi: Diagnosis dan Prosedur Laboratorium Edisi Kelima. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Indonesia; 2010. 36. Murray RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwel VW. Biokimia Harper Edisi 27. Jakarta: EGC; 2009. 37. Clorinda FR.

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Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro. Jember: Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Jember; 2012. 38. Satari MH, Wartadewi FGR. Sensitivity Test Cefoxitin (Second Generation of Cephalosporin) and Cefepime (Fourth Generation of Cephalosporin) Towards Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjajaran. 39. Tsao SM, Hsu CC, Yin MC. Garlic extract and two diallyl sulphides inhibit methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in BALB/cA mice. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003;52(6):974–80. 40. Goldman E, Lorrence HG. Practical handbook of microbiology 2nd ed. Florida : CRC Press; 2015. 41. Johnson TR, Christine LC. Laboratory Experiments in Microbiology. Philadelphia : Benjamin-Cummings Publishing Company; 2003. 42. Jamil AS, Adi B, Prasaja B, Ariani A, Hardi Z. Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Biji Nigella sativa terhadap Viabilitas Bakteri Probiotik Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo. Pharmacy, Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 11(02);2014.

58

Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance

59

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data

Means Report JumlahKuman Kelompok

Mean

Std. Deviation

Median

Minimum

Maximum

K

83800,00

123651,526

50000,00

1000

300000

P1

13960,00

10642,509

9000,00

6300

32000

P2

640,00

1163,185

100,00

0

2700

P3

734,00

1284,924

130,00

0

3000

24783,50

67054,880

2850,00

0

300000

Total

Graph

60

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan)

JumlahKuman

Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic JumlahKuman

,357

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

df

Shapiro-Wilk

Sig. 20

,000

Statistic ,406

df

Sig. 20

,000

61

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan)

JumlahKuman Kruskal-Wallis Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

K

5

15,80

P1

5

14,80

P2

5

5,20

P3

5

6,20

Total

20

Test Statisticsa,b JumlahKuman Chi-Square

13,349

df

3

Asymp. Sig.

,004

a. Kruskal Wallis Test b. Grouping Variable: Kelompok

NPar Tests : K vs P1 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

K

5

6,20

31,00

P1

5

4,80

24,00

Total

10

62

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan) Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

9,000

Wilcoxon W

24,000

Z

-,731

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

,465 ,548b

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

NPar Tests : K vs P2 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

K

5

7,80

39,00

P2

5

3,20

16,00

Total

10

Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

1,000

Wilcoxon W

16,000

Z

-2,410

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

,016 ,016b

63

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan)

NPar Tests : K vs P3 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

K

5

7,80

39,00

P3

5

3,20

16,00

Total

10

Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

1,000

Wilcoxon W

16,000

Z

-2,402

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

,016 ,016b

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

NPar Tests : P1 vs P2 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

P1

5

8,00

40,00

P2

5

3,00

15,00

Total

10

64

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan) Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

,000

Wilcoxon W

15,000

Z

-2,619

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed)

,009 ,008b

Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

NPar Tests : P1 vs P3 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

P1

5

8,00

40,00

P3

5

3,00

15,00

Total

10

Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

,000

Wilcoxon W

15,000

Z

-2,611

Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

,009 ,008b

65

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan)

NPar Tests : P2 vs P3 Mann-Whitney Test Ranks Kelompok

JumlahKuman

N

Mean Rank

Sum of Ranks

P2

5

5,00

25,00

P3

5

6,00

30,00

Total

10

Test Statisticsa JumlahKuman Mann-Whitney U

10,000

Wilcoxon W

25,000

Z Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Exact Sig. [2*(1-tailed Sig.)] a. Grouping Variable: Kelompok b. Not corrected for ties.

-,529 ,597 ,690b

66

Lampiran 2. Hasil Analisis Data (lanjutan)

Grafik Bar dan Boxplot Data dengan Log

67

Lampiran 3. Hasil Penelitian 1. Hasil Kelompok Kontrol

Mencit 1

Mencit 2

Mencit 3

Mencit 4

Mencit 5

68

Lampiran 3. Hasil Penelitian (lanjutan) 2. Hasil Kelompok P1

Mencit 1

Mencit 2

Mencit 3

Mencit 4

Mencit 5

69

Lampiran 3. Hasil Penelitian (lanjutan) 3. Hasil Kelompok P2

Mencit 1

Mencit 2

Mencit 3

Mencit 4

Mencit 5

70

Lampiran 3. Hasil Penelitian 4. Hasil Kelompok P3

Mencit 1

Mencit 2

Mencit 3

Mencit 4

Mencit 5

71

Lampiran 4. Dokumentasi

72

Lampiran 5. Biodata Mahasiswa BIODATA MAHASISWA Identitas Nama

: Ajrina Luthfita Bayu Putri

NIM

: 22010111130095

Tempat/tanggal lahir : Semarang, 3 Juli 1995 Jenis Kelamin

: Perempuan

Alamat

: Jl. Arya Mukti Timur IX/384 Semarang

Nomor HP

: 085740610384

E-mail

: [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD

: SD Pedurungan Tengah 3 Semarang

Lulus tahun : 2007

2. SMP

: SMP Negeri 2 Semarang

Lulus tahun : 2009

3. SMA

: SMA Negeri 3 Semarang

Lulus tahun : 2011

4. FK UNDIP

: Masuk tahun 2011