BAU V 1 KES IMPULAN
1. Hubungan
amoksisilin
antara dengan
kombinas i
asani
aktivitas
k l a v u 1 anat
antibakteri
dan
terhadap
Staphylococcus aureus penghasil beta-laktamase adalah sebagai berikut
;
- H u b u n g a n a n t a r a arnoksisilin d e n g a n a k t i v i t a s bakteri
adalah
dalam bentuk
kuadratik
klavulanat akan meningkatkan aktivitas
dan
antiasam
antihakteri
d a r i arnoksisilin. 3 . Kombinasi
tidak
optinla1
asam klnvulanat
dan
amoksisilin
dapat ditentukan dari p e r s a r n a a n / h u h u n g a n
diperoleh.
yang
BAB VII SARAN-SARAN
Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai
1. Kadar
:
hambat minimal ko~nbinasi amoksisi 1 in clan t erhadap S t a p h y l o c o c c u s a u r e u s
klavulanat
asaln
penghas i 1
beta-laktamase.
2. Hubungan antara kombinasi amoksisilin dan asam klavulanat
dengan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap
bakteri
Gram positif lain penghasil beta-laktarnasc. 3. Hubungan
pengikat
antara
komhinasi amoksisilin
beta-laktamase
antibakteri
lainnya
dan
dengan
terhadap bakteri Gram positif
beta-laktamase.
senyawa aktivitas penghasil
S u d t u p e n e 1 i t i a r l ~ n e n g e ni ~h~u b u n g d n a n t a r a horn11 i n a \ i asarn k l a v u l a n a t d a n a m o h s i s i 1 i n d e n g i i n a k t i v i ~ : t s a n t 1 bakt er i t e r h a d d p S t a p h j - l o c o c c u s cluz-eus p e n g h a s i 1 b e t a l a k t a m a s e t e 1 a h d i 1 a k u h a n d e n g a n incnguhur c1ia1ne.terd a e r a h hambatan pertumhuhan yang t e r h e n l u k . Diameter d a e r d h h a m b a t a n p e l t u r n l ~ u h ~ i ~d ~i p e r o l c h den gar^ m e n g g u n a k a n rne t o d e " r l g a r Ovr r 1 a y " d e r l g a n reserv o i r c a k r a m k e r t a s . P e r s a r n a a n / h u b u n g n n ,\ c ~ n g t e r l l a i k j - a n g d i p e r o l e h a d a l a h Y = 0 , 8 0 6 5 X i t 0 , 3 3 1 ' Z,- - 0 , 0 1 5 s X I 2 + 20,3110 (n = 30, r = 0.9-52, F = lh-.Cl42). n n r i h u b u n g a n g a n g i l i p e i o l c h t c r ~ c h u ril i i o h c t u n t ul. men~ntukan koml~i~~a< s i i n ~ L c , ~ ~s iI I I ( l c ~ i i h l a ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ r ~ , ~ y a n g o p t i n i a l y a i ti1 clellgan had,^^ terkeci 1 l \ ~ e ~ n l )i c ia k t 11 i tas ant ibakt rr i yang i ~ ~ ~ ~ h s i ~ n n l D a r i h a s i 1 p e r h i t u n g a n t e r s c b i ~ t d i d a p . i t h a n 13;ihua k o m b i n a s i o p t i m a l d a r i a n l n h s i . z i l i l l ~ l a r ia s a n i h l a ~ u l a n a t t i d a h d a p a t d i tentuhan d a r i r ) e ~ - s a i n a ~ ~ r i / h u b u n gyaann g ( l i p e r o l e h . L I ~ C I I I I
.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Meyers, F . H , Jawetz E , Goldfien A , Review of Medical Pharmacology, 5 t h edition, Lange Medical Publications, Canada, 1 9 7 6 , halaman 529-531, 583-557. 2. Gan S . , Q~rrnakologi dan Terapi, edisi 3 , Bagian Farmakologi Fakultas Kedokteran U I , Jakarta, 1987, halarnan 525-526, 564-567, 5 8 7 . /-
-/
3. Bryan L.E., Godfrey A . J . , Beta laktam .4ntibiotics Mode of Action and B a c t e r i a l Resistance, Lori;! V.(ed), m i b i o t i c s in Laboratory Medicine, 3 edition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1941, halaman 601-603.
4. White A. I . , Antibiotics, Wilson C.0, Gisvold Ole, Doerge R.F.(ed), Text Book p f Organic Medical and Pharmaceutical C h e m i s t r y , 6 t n edition, J . B . Lippincott Company, Philadelphia Toronto, 1971, halaman 347-352. 5 . Eliopoulos G. M , , Moellering R. C., Antimicrobial Combinat ions, 1,orian V. (ed), Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 3~~ edition, The W i 1 liams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1991, h a l a m a n 4 3 3 - 4 3 3 , 452, 463-164.
6. Bryan L . E , Antimicrobial Drug Resistance, Academic Press, Inc, USA, 19S3, halaman 3-23, 51-55. 7. Buchanan, R.E. and and Gibbons, N.E Berpey's Manual of Detrrminat ive Bacteriology, g i h edition, Baltimore, The Williams and Wilkins, 1974, halaman 484-456.
E , Melnick J . L , Adelberg E.A, Review of Microbiology, 17th edition, Appleton and Lange, Canada, 19S7, halaman 139-140, 217-219, 221.
8 . Jawetz
Medical
9. Bonang G., Koeswardono E. S , Mikrobioloai Kedokteran untuk Laboratorium dan Klinik, PT. Gramedia, Jakarta, 1982, halaman 17, 71-77, 108-110.
10. Joklik, W . L . , et edition, Appleton halarnan 539-545.
al, Zinsser Microbilogy, Century Craft, New York, 1980,
11. Kingsbury D. T . , Wagner G . E , Segal G . P , Microbiology, A Wiley medical publication J o h n Wiley and Sons, New York, 1985, halaman 81-84. 12. Alcamo I.E, Laboratory Fundamenta'ls o f i\licrobiologv, Addison - Wesley pub1 i shing company Inc, Canada, 1983, halaman 17, 47-48, 75-76, 111-112. 13. Cappucino J.G., Sherman N., Microbiology a Laboratorium ~ a n u d ,The Benjamin / Cummings Publishing C o , Inc, California, 1957, halaman 68.
14. Wattimena 3 . R . , dkk, Farmakodinami &n antibiotik, Gadjah Mada University Press, karta, 1 9 0 1 , halaman 48-54, 66.
Terapi Yogya-
W. O . , Perlman D . , Antibiotic\ and Synthetic 15. Foye Antibacterial Foye W.O.(ed), Principles of Medical Chemistry, .3r"rdjtion, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia, 1989, halaman 684-637. 16. Hussar A . E , Holley H . L , Antibiotics and antibiotic Therapy, The Macmillan Company, New York, 1954, halaman 5 8 .
17. Coulson C . J , Molecul lar Drug Act ion, l S t edition, Taylor and Francis, London, 1988, halaman 61-63, 68. 18. Edward D , Antimicrobial Drug Action, I ' ~ edition, Macmillan Press, Ltd, 1980, halaman 110-120. 19. Martindale The Extra Pharmacopoeia, The Pharmac:eutical Press, London, 116-122, 397-198.
29 t l ' edition, 1989, halaman
20. Moffat A.C., dkk, Clarke's Isolation and Identification of Dlugs, 2"' edition, The Pharmaceutical Press, 19S6, halaman 348. 21. Micetich R. G . , dkk, Synthesis and Beta Laktamase Inhibitorv Properties of 2 f3 - [(1,2,3 - Triazol- 1 - vl) Methyl1 - 2 n - blethylpenarn - 3 (i - Carbonxylic Acid 1 , 1 - Dioxide and Related Triazolvl Derivatives, Journal of M e d i c a l Chemistry, volume 3 0 , No. 8 , 1987, halaman 1468-1370. 22. Hu o W . B , Russell A . D , Pharmaceutical 4 t R edition, Blackwell Scientific Oxford, 1977, halaman 264-265.
Microbiolonv, Pub1 ications,
23.
Suntoyo Y . , Analisis Regresi dan Universitas Brawijaya, Flalang, 1988.
Korelasi,
23. Ayres F . , Differential and integral Calculus (Theory and Problems), 4'" edition, Mc'. Graw-Hill, Inc, London 1972, halaman 279. 2 5 . Workman, R . G . ,
F a r r a r W. E . , Activity of Penicilliin Staphylococcus aureus as Studied b y the Iodometric Method, Journal of Infectious Diseases, volume 131, no, 4 , April 1970, halaman 4 3 3 - 4 3 5 .
nase -
26. Van Krimpen P.C., Van Bennekom W . P . , Bult A., A Study of The Metal Complexation Rehaviour of Some Penicillins, Cephalosporins and Their Derivaties, Pharmaceutisch Weekblad Scientific Edition, Volume 10, no. 6 , Desember 1988, halaman 261.
27. Mac Faddin J . F . , Biochemicak Test for Identification of Medical Bacteria, 2 n a edition, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore - London, 1980, halaman 4 8 2 . 2 8 . Barry A . L . ,
Procedures and Theoretical Consideration for Testing Antimicrobial Agents in Agar Media, Lo inn V (ed), Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 3'' edition. The Williams & Wilkins Company, Raltimore, 1991, halaman 12.
29. Acar Jacques F., Disk Susceptibility Test, L rian V (ed), Antibiotics in Laboratory Medicine, 3 sdition, The Williams & Wilkins Company, Baltimore, 1991, halaman 18-20.
,