BIBLIOGRAPHY
Primary Sources
Piagam Jakarta (Jakarta Chapter)
Pancasila (Five Principles)
Undang UndangDasar 1945 (Constitution of 1945)
Undang Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia Serikat (Constitution of the United States of the Republic of Indonesia)
Undang Undang Dasar Sementara 1950 (Indonesian Constitution 1950 -Provisional)
Undang Undang Dasar 1945 amandemen /f^ (Constitution 1945 - 4^ Amendment)
Dekrit Presiden 5 Juli 1959 (Presidential Decree issued on 5 July 1959)
Undang Undang Politik Nomor 3 tahun 1975 tentang Partai Politik dan GOLKAR (1975 Political Law Number 3 on Political Parties and GOLKAR)
Undang Undang Politik Nomor 3 tahun 1985 tentang Partai Politik dan GOLKAR (1985 Political Law Number 3 on Political Parties and GOLKAR)
221
Undang Undang Politik tahun 2002 tentang Partai Politik (2002 Political Law on Political Party)
Maklumat Pemerintah Indonesia tanggal i Nopember 1945 tentang Kebebasan Membentuk Partai (Indonesian Government's Act issued on 3 November 1945 on Freedom of Party Formation)
Secondary Sources
Books
Akira, Nagazumi, The Dawn of Indonesian Nationalism, the Early Years of the Budi Utomo, 1908 - 1918, Institute of the Developing Economics, Tokyo, 1972.
Alagappa, Muthiah, Political Legitimacy in Southeast Asia: The Quest for Moral Authority, Stanford University Press, California, 1995.
Alatas, Syed Farid, Democracy and Authoritarianism in Indonesia and Malaysia: The Rise of the Post-Colonial State, Macmillan Press, London, 1997.
Alfian, Hasil Pemilihan Umum 1955 untuk Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat (The Results of the 1955 Parliamentary Elections), Leknas, Jakarta, 1971.
222
_, Pemikiran dan Perubahan Politik Indonesia (Thoughts and Political Change in Indonesia), Gramedia, Jakarta, 1992.
Almond, Gabriel A. and J.S. Coleman (eds.), Introduction: A Functional Approach to Comparative Politics in The Politics of Developing Areas, Princeton, New Jersey, 1960.
Alrasyid, Harun, Hubungan antara Presiden dan MPR (Relation between President and General Assembly), Jakarta, Pelita llmu, 1968.
, Sekitar Proklamasi, Konstitusi dan Dekrit Presiden (Around the 1945 Proclamation, Constitution and Presidential Decree), Jakarta, Pelita llmu, 1968.
, Beberapa Pandangan tentang Pemily 1969 (Some Views on the 1969 General Election), Jakarta, Pelita llmu, 1969.
, Himpunan Peraturan Tata Negara (A Collection of Rule and State Regulation), Jakarta, Ul-Press, 1994.
Amal, Ichlasul, Teori-teori Mutakhir Partai Politik, PT Tiara Wacana Yogya. Yogyakarta, 1996.
Aminudin, Kekuatan Islam dan Pergulatan Kekuasaan di Indonesia: Sebelum dan Sesudah Runtuhnya Rezim Suharto (Islamic Power and the Struggle for Power in
223
Indonesia: Before and After the Fall of Suharto Regime), Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 1999.
Anderson, Benedict, Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, revised edition, Verso, London and New York, 1991.
Anderson, Benedict R. O'G., Language and Power: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia, Cornell UP, Itacha, 1990.
Andrain, Charles F., Political Life and Social Change, trans. Luqman Hakim, PT Tiara Wacana Yogya, Yogyakarta, 1992.
Arba MF, Syarofm, Demitoligisasi Politik Indonesia (De-mythologization of Politics in Indonesia), P.T Pustaka CIDESINDO, Jakarta, 1998.
Barker, Rodney, Political Legitimacy and the State, Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1990.
Beetham, David, The Legitimation of Power, Macmillan, London, 1992.
Bender, Leonard, et al. Crises and Sequences in Political Development, Princeton UP, New Jersey, 1971.
Bendix, Reinhard, Nation-Building and Citizenship: Studies of Our Changing Social Order, Doubleday and Co., Garden City, 1969.
224
Binder, Leonard, Crises of Political Development, Princeton University Press, New Jersey, 1971.
Birch, Anthony H., Concepts and Theory of Modern Democracy, Routledge, London and New York, 2001, 2"'' edition.
Biro Humas KPU, Pemilu Indonesia dalam Angka dan Fakta Tahun 1955-1999 (Indonesian Elections in Facts and Numbers 1955-1999). KPU, Jakarta, 2000.
Boileau, Julian M., Golkar: Functional Group Politics in Indonesia, CSIS, Jakarta, 1983.
Bottomore, Tom, Political Sociology, trans. Sahat Simamora, Rineka Cipta, Jakarta, 1992.
Bourchier, David and John Legge (eds.). Democracy in Indonesia 1950s and 1990s, Centre of SEA Studies, Monash University, Victoria, 1994.
Bresnan, John, Managing Indonesia: The Modern Political Economy, Columbia University Press, New York, 1993.
Britton, Peter, Military Professionalism in Indonesia: Javanese and Western Traditions in the Army Ideology to the 1970's, trans. Tim Redaksi LP3ES, LP3ES, Jakarta, 1996.
225
Bryman, Alan, Quantity and Quality in Social Research, Allen & Unwin, Winchester, Mass., 1988.
Budiardjo, Miriam (ed.), Partisipasi dan Partai Politik (Participation and Political Party), Yayasan Obor Indonesia, Jakarta, 1988, (revised ed.).
, Demokrasi di Indonesia (Democracy in Indonesia), Gramedia, Jakarta, 1994.
, Dasar-dasar Ilmu Politik (Foundations of Political Science), Gramedia, Jakarta, 2001.
Butwell, Richard, Southeast Asia Today and Tomorrow: A Political Analysis, Frederick A. Praeger, New York 1961.
Cammack, P. et al. (eds.). Third World Politics: A Comparative Introduction. 2"*^ edition, Macmillan, London, 1993.
Chamber, William, The American Party System: Stages of Political Development, OUP, New York, 1976.
Chandra, Satish and Baladas Ghoshal (eds.), Indonesia: A New Beginning?. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 2002.
226
Chang, William, Kerikil-kerikil di Jalan Reformasi: Catatan-catatan dari Sudut Etika Sosial (Gravel Stones of Reform: Notes from the Social Ethic Comer), Kompas, Jakarta, 2002.
Christie, Clive I., A Modern History of Southeast Asia: Declonization, Nationalism and Separatism, I.B. Tauris Publishers, London and New York, 1996.
, Southeast Asia in Twentieth Century: A Reader, I.B. Tauris Publishers, London and New York, 1998.
Cipto, Bambang, Partai, Kekuasaan dan Militerisme (Party, Power and Militarism), Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 2000.
Coleman, J.S., and C.G. Roseberd (eds.), Political Parties and National Integration in Tropical Africa, University of California Press, Los Angeles, 1964.
Cord, Robert L., et. al., in Political Science: An Introduction, Prentice -Hall, New Jersey, 1985, 2nd edition.
Cribb, Robert (ed.). The Indonesian Killing of 1965-1966: Studies from Java and Bali, Monash University, Calyton, Victoria, 1990.
227
, Gangsters and Revolutionaries: The Jakarta People's Militia and the Indonesian Revolution, 1945-1949, University of Hawaii Press, Honolulu, 1991.
and Colin Brown, Modem Indonesia: A History Since 1945, Longman, Harlow, 1995.
Crouch, Harold, The Army and Politics in Indonesia, Conell UP, Ithaca, 1988 (Revised ed.).
Dahl, Robert A., Polyarchy: Participation and Opposition, Yale UP, New Haven, 1971.
Dahm, Bemhard, Sukarno and the Struggle for Indonesian Independence. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1969.
, History of Indonesia in the 20"* Century, trans. P.S. Falla, Praeger Publishers, London, 1971.
Denitch, Bodgan, Legitimacy of Regimes: International Frameworks for Analysis, Sage Publications, CA, 1979.
Dhakidae, Daniel, Partai-partai Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Political Parties). Kompas, Jakarta, 1999.
228
Diamond, Larry (ed.), Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries: Textbook Edition, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder and London, 1994.
, (ed.), Political Culture and Democracy in Developing Countries: Textbook Edition, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Boulder and London, 1994.
, Developing Democracy: Toward Consolidation, The John Hopkins UP, Baltimore and London, 1999.
Djik, C. van. Political Development, Stability and Democracy: Indonesia in the 1980s, Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, 1989.
Djiwandono, Soedjati J. and T.A. Legowo (eds.), Revitalisasi Sistem Politik Indonesia (Revitalization of Indonesian Political System), CSIS, Jakarta, 1996.
Doran, Christine (ed.), Indonesian Politics: A Reader, James Cook University of North Queensland, Australia, 1987.
Duverger, Maurice, Political Parties, Their Organization and Activity in the Modem State, Wiley, New York, 1954.
, Political Parties, John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1963.
229
, Political Parties: Their Organization and Activities in Modern State, Methen, London, 1967.
, Political Parties and Pressure Groups, (trans. Laila Hasyim), Bina Aksara, Y.K., 1984.
Easton, David, .,4 Frameworkfor Political Analysis, Prentice-Hall, New Jersey, 1979.
Ecip, S. Sinansari, Kronologi Situasi Penggulingan Suharto: Reportase Jurnalistik (The Chronological Situation of Suharto's Overthrow: A Journalism Report), Mizan, Bandung, 1998.
Emerson, Reupert, Representnative Government in Southeast Asia, Harvard University Press, Massachusetts, 1955.
Epstein, Leon D., Political Parties in Western Democracies, Praeger Publishers, New York, 1967.
Feierabend, Ivo K., Rosalind L. Feierabend and Ted Gurr, Anger, Violence and Politics, Prentice-Hall Inc., Englewood Cliff, N.J., 1972.
Feith, Herbert, The Wilopo Cabinet, 1952 - 1953: A Turning Point in PostRevolutionary Indonesia, Cornell Modem Indonesia Project, 1958.
230
, The Decline of Constitutional Democracy in Indonesa, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1964.
, and Lance Castles (eds.), Indonesian Political Thinking 1945-1965, Cornell UP, Ithaca, 1970.
, The Indonesian Elections of 1955, Cornell University Ithaca, New York, 1999.
Forrester, Geoff (ed.), Post-Suharto Indonesia: Renewal or Chaos, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1999.
Fowler, H. Ramsey and Jane E. Aaron (eds.), The Little, Brown Handbook, HarperCollins Publishers Inc., 1989,4'*' ed.
Funston, John (ed.). Governments and Politics in Southeast Asia, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 2001.
Geertz, Clifford, The Religion of Java, Free Press, Glencoe, Illinois, 1960.
Goshal, Baladas, Indonesian Politics 1955-59: The Emergence of Guided Democracy, K.P Bagchi & Co, New Delhi, 1982.
231
Haramain, A, Malik and MF Nurhuda Y, Mengawal Transisi: Refleksi atas Pemantauan Pemilu '99 (Guarding the Transition: Reflection on tfie 1999 Election Watch), JAMPPI-PB PMII, Jakarta, 2000.
Haris, Syamsudin, Demokrasi di Indonesia (Democracy in Indonesia), LP3ES, Jakarta. 1995.
, and Riza Sihbudi (Eds.), Menelaah Kembali Format Politik Orde Bant (Reevaluation of the Political Format of the New Order), Gramedia, Jakarta, 1995.
Hayes, Louis D., The Struggle for Legitimacy in Pakistan, Vanguard, Lahore, 1986.
Haynes, Jeff, Democracy in the Developing World: Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Middle East, Blackwell Publishers Inc., MA, 2001.
Heenan, Patrick and Monique Lamontagne, The Southeast Asia Handbook, Fitzroy Deorbom Publishers, London, 2001.
Hewison, Kevin J., Richard Robison and Garry Rodan (eds.). Southeast Asia in the 1990s: Authoritarianism, Democracy and Capitalism, Allen & Unwin Pty Ltd, New South Welsh, 1993.
Heywood, Andrew, Politics, Palgrave, NY, 2003, 2^ ed.
232
Hill, Hal (ed.), Unity in Diversity: Regional Economic Development in Indonesia since /P70, OUP, London, 1991.
Hindley, Donald, The Communist Party of Indonesia, 1951 - 1963, UCP, Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1964.
Hughes, Colin A., Political Stability and Political Behavior, Univ. of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 1968.
Hughes, John, The End of Sukarno: A Coup that Misfired, Angus and Robertson, London, 1968.
Huntington, Samuel P., Political Order in Changing Societies, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1968.
, The Third Wave: Democratization in the Late Twentieth Century, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, 1991.
Imawan, Riswandha, Membedah Politik Orde Baru (Understanding the Politics of the New Order), Yogyakarta, Pustaka Pelajar, 1998.
Indonesia 2001: An Official Handbook, National Communication and Information Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 2000.
233
Indonesia 2002: An Official Handbook, National Information Agency Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, 2001.
Indonesia, Departemen Penerangan, The Indonesian Revolution: Basic Documents and the Idea of Guided Democracy by the Department of Information, Department of Information, Djaicarta, 1960.
Issacson, Jason F. and Colin Rubenstein (eds.), Islam in Asia: Changing Political Realities, Transaction Publishers, New Brunswick, no year.
Jenkins, David, Suharto and His Generals: Indonesian Military Politics 1975 - 1983, Cornell Modem Indonesia Project,
\X\\BC&,
1984.
Johnson, Chalmers, Revolutionary Change, Little, Brown & Co., Boston, 1966.
Johnson, John J., The Role of The Military in Underdeveloped Countries, Princeton. UP, New Jersey, 1967.
Kahin, G. McTuman, Nationalism and Revolution in Indonesia, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1961.
Kahmi, Tim, Indonesia di Simpang Jalan (Indonesia in the Crossroad), Bandung, Mizan, 1998.
234
Karim, M. Rusli, Perjalanan Partai Politik di Indonesia (The Journey of Political Parties in Indonesia), Rajawali Press, Jakarta, 1983.
Kantapawira, Rusadi, Sistem Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Political System), Sinar Baru Algensindo, Bandung, 1999 (revised edition).
Kearney, Robert N. (ed.), Politics and Modernization in South and Southeast Asia, Schenkman Publishing Company, Cambridge, Mass., 1975.
Kim, C.I. Eugene and Lawrence Ziring, An Introduction to Asian Politics, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, 1979.
Kingsbury, Damien, The Politics of Indonesia, OUP, Melbourne, 1998.
Kittingan, Jeffrey G., Causes of Political Instability: A Framework for Analysis, Institute for Development Studies, Sabah, 1989.
Kolbe, Richard L., American Political Parties: An Uncertain Future, Harper & Row, New York, 1985.
Kompas, Tim Litbang, Partai-partai Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Political Parties), KOMPAS, Jakarta, 1999.
235
KPU, Biro Humas, Pemilu Indonesia dalam Angka dan Fakta Tahun 1955-1999 (Indonesian Elections in Facts and Numbers 1955-1999), KPU, Jakarta, 2000.
Kuntowijoyo, Identitas Politik Umat Islam (Political Identity of Muslims), Mizan, Bandung, 1997.
Labovitz, Sanford and Robert Hagedom (eds.). Introduction to Social Research, Mcgraw-Hill Book Company, New York, 1971.
LaPalombara, J. and Myron Weiner (eds.). Political Parties and Political Development, Princeton UP, New Jersey, 1966.
Lea, David and Colete Miluard (Eds.), A Political Chronology of Southeast Asia and Oceania, Bibliocraft Ltd., Dudee, 2001 (First ed.).
Lev, Daniel S., The Transition to Guided Democracy: Indonesian Politics, 1957 - 59, Monograph Series, Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1966.
Legge, John D., Sukarno: A Political Biography, Praeger, New York, 1972.
Liddle, R. William (ed.). Political Participation in Modern Indonesia, Yale University SEA Studies, New Haven, 1973.
236
, Partisipasi dan Partai Bolitik (Participation and Political Parties), Grafiti, Jakarta, 1992.
, Pemilu-pemilu Orha: Pasang Surut Kekuasaan Politik (Elections of the New Order: The Roller Coaster of the Political Power), P.T Pustaka LP3ES, Jakarta, 1994.
(ed.), Crafting Indonesian Democracy, Mizan, Bandung, 2001.
Linz, Juan J., The Breakdown of Democratic Regimes, John Hopkins UP, Baltimore, 1978.
Lipset, S. M., Political Man, Mercury Brooks, London, 1964.
Maclntyre, Andrew, Business and Politics in Indonesia, Allen & Unwin, St Leonards New South Wales, 1991.
Mackie, J.A.C, Indonesia: The Making of a Nation, Australian National University, Canberra, 1980.
Mahasin, Aswab and Ismed Natsir, Cendikiawan dan Politik (Scholar and Politics), LP3ES, Jakarta, 1984.
Manheim, Jarol B. and Richard C. Rich, Empirical Political Analysis: Research Methods in Political Science, Longman, New York, 1995.
237
Manning, Chris and Peter van Dierman (eds.), Indonesia in Transition: Social Aspects ofReformasi and Crisis, ISAS, Singapore, 2000.
Markoff, John, Waves of Democracy, Social Movements and Political Change trans. An Setyaningrum, Pustaica Peiajar, Yogyakarta, 2002.
Maryanov, Gerald S., Decentralization in Indonesia as a Political Problem, Cornell Modem Indonesia Project Interim Ref)ort Series, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1958.
Mashad, Dhurorudin, Korupsi Politik, Pemilu dan Legitimasi Pasca Orde Baru (Political Corruption, Election and Legitimation after the New Order), P.T Pustaka CIDESINDO, Jakarta 1999.
McCloud, Donald G., Southeast Asia: Tradition and Modernity in the Contemporary World, Westview Press, Oxford, 1995.
McVey, Ruth T. (ed.), Indonesia, South East Asia Studies, Yale Univ.. 1967.
Mody, Nawaz B., Indonesia under Suharto, Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1987.
Moertopo, Ali, Strategi Politik Nasional (National Political Strategy). CSIS, Jakarta, 1980.
238
Myrdal, Gunnar, Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of Nations, Vintage Books, New York, 1972.
Nata, Abudin (ed.), Problematika Islam di Indonesia (Problems of Islam in Indonesia), Grasindo, Jakarta, 2002.
Nazir, Mohd., Metode Penelitian (Research Method), Ghalia Indonesia, Jakarta, 1988.
Nishihara, Mashashi, GOLKAR: The Indonesian Elections of 1971, Cornell Univ. Modem Indonesia Project, Ithaca, 1972.
Noer, Deliar, The Modernist Muslim Movement in Indonesia, 1900-1942, Oxford University Press, Singapore, 1973.
, Islam, Pancasila dan Asas Tunggal (Islam, Pancasila and Single Ideology), Yayasan Perkhidmatan, Jakarta, 1983.
, Pengantar ke Pemikiran Politik (A Guide to Political Thoughts), Jakarta, Rajawali, 1983.
, Pemikiran Politik di Negeri Barat (Political Thought in the Western Societies), Bandung, Mizan, 1996.
239
Nordlinger, Eric A. (ed.), Politics and Society: Studies in Comparative Political Sociology, Prentice Hall Inc., New Jersey, 1970.
Notosusanto, Nugroho, et al. (eds.), Pejuang dan Prajurit (Fighter and Soldier), Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 1991.
, The Peta Army During the Japanese Occupation of Indonesia, Tokyo: Waseda University, 1979.
Palmujoki, Eero, Regionalism and Globalism in Southeast Asia, Palgrave, New York, 2001.
Pamungkas, Sri Bintang, Dari Orde Baru ke Indonesia Baru Lewat Reformasi Total (From the New Order to the New Indonesia Through Total Reform), Erlangga, Jakarta, 2001.
Penders, CLM and Ulf Sundhaussen, Abdul Maris Nasution: A Political Biography, Univ of Queensland Press, Brisbane, 1985.
Pilihan Artikel Prisma, Analisa Kekuatan Politik di Indonesia (Analysis of Political Power in Indonesia), Jakarta, LP3ES, 1988.
Przewroski, Adam, et al. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and WeilBeing in the World, 1950-1990, Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 2000.
240
Pye, Lucian W. and Mary W. Pye, Asian Power and Politics: the Cultural Dimensions of Authority, Harvanl University Press, London, 1985.
Rabasa, Angd and Peter Chalk, Indonesia's Transformation and the Stability of Southeast Asia, RAND, Santa Monica, C.A, 2001.
Rahman, Arifin, Sistem Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Political System), Penerbit SIC, Surabaya, 2001.
Ramage, Douglas E., Politics in Indonesia, Routledge, London, 1995.
Ranadireksa, Hendarmin, Visi Politik: Amandemen UUD 1945 Menuju Konstitusi yang Berkedaulatan Rakyat (Political Vision: The Amendment of 1945 Constitution into a Soverign People Constitution), Pancur Siwah, Jakarta, 2002.
Randall, V., Political Parties in the Third World, Sage Publications, London, 1988.
Rauf, Maswadi, Perkembangan Ilmu Politik di Indonesia (Development of Political Science in Indonesia), Jakarta, Ghalia, 1983.
, Indonesia dan Komunikasi Politik (Indonesia and Political Communication), Jakarta, Gramedia, 1993.
241
Ranuwidjaja, Usep, Hukum Tata Negara di Indonesia: Dasar-dasamya (Laws in the Indonesian Administration: The Basic), Jakarta, Ghalia, 1982.
Reeves, David, Golkar of Indonesia: An Alternative to the Party System, OUP, New Yoric, 1985.
Ricklefs, M.C., ^4 History of Modern Indonesia, Macmillan, Lx)ndon, 1990.
Robertson, David, The Penguin Dictionary of Politics, Penguin Books, London, 1986.
Roeder, O.G., The Smiling General: Sukarno of Indonesia, Gunung Agung, Jakarta, 1969.
Rostow, D.A, ^ World of Nations, Brookings Instituions, 1967.
Rush, Michael and Philip Althoff, An Introduction to Political Sociology, trans. Kartini Kartono, PT. RajaGrafindo Persada, Jakarta, 2001.
Ryanto, Edi and Suharsono (eds.), Partai Politik Era Reformasi (Political Parties in the Reform Era), P.T.ABADl, Jakarta, 1998.
Said, Saiim, Genesis of Power: General Sudirman and the Indonesian Military in Politics 1945 - 49, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1993.
242
Saidi, Ridwan, Islam, Pembangunan Politik dan Politik Pembangunan (Islam, Development of Politics and Politicjd Development), Jakarta, Pustaka Panji Mas, 1983.
, Islam dan Moralitas Pembangunan (Islam and the Morality of Development), Jakarta, Pustaka Panji Mas, 1983.
, Pemuda Islam dalam Dinamika Politik Bangsa: 1925-1984 (Muslim Youth in the Dynamics of National Politics: 1925-1984), Jakarta, Rajawali, 1984.
Sanit, Arbi, Sistem Politik Indonesia: Kestabilan, Peta Kekuatan Politik dan Pembangunan (Indonesian Political System: Stability, Political Map and Development), C.V. Rajawali, Jakarta, 1981.
, Partai, Pemilu dan Demokrasi (Party, Elections and Democracy), Pustaka Pelajar, Yogyakarta, 1997.
Santoso, Amir and M. Riza Sihbudi (Eds.), Politik, Kebijakan dan Pembangunan (Politics, Policy and Development), Dian Lestari Grafika, Jakarta, 1993.
Saripudin (ed.), Begawan Politik: Deliar Noer 75 Tahun (Political Saint: 75 Years of DeliarNoer), Panitia Penerbitan Buku 75 Tahun Prof Dr. Deliar Noer, Jakarta, 2001.
Sartori, G., Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis, Vol. I, Cambridge UP, New York, 1976.
243
Schaar, John H., Legitimacy in the Modem State, Transactions Publishers, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 2000.
Schattschneider, E.E., Party Government, Rinehart, New York, 1942.
Schwarz, Adam, A Nation in Waiting: Indonesian in the 1990s, Allen & Unwin and Boulder, CO: Westview Press, St Leonards, NSW, 1994.
Scott, Roger, The Politics of New States: A General Analysis with Case Studies from Eastern Asia, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd., 1970.
Seri Penerbitan Studi Politik, Evaluasi Pemilu Orde Baru (Evaluation of the New Order's Elections), Mizan, 1997.
, Mengubur Sistem Politik Orde Baru (Burying the New Order's Political System), Mizan, Jakarta, 1998.
Shaplen, Robert, Time Out of Hand: Revolution and Reaction in Southeast Asia, Harper & Row Publishers, New York, 1969.
Simbolon, Parakriti T., Menjadi Indonesia (To be Indonesia), Kompas, Jakarta, 1995.
244
Singarimbun, Masri (ed.), Metode Penelitian Survey (Survey Research Method), LP3ES, Jakarta, 1987.
Singh, Bilveer, Succession Politics in Indonesia: The 1998 Presidential Elections and the Fall of Suharto, Macmillan, Lx)ndon, 2000.
Singh, Lalita Prasad, Power Politics and Southeast Asia, Radiant Publisher, New Delhi, 1979.
Silalahi, Hary Tjan, Konsesus Politik Nasional Orde Baru: Ortodoksi dan Aktualisasinya (National Political Concensus of the New Order: Orthodoxy and its Actualization), CSIS, Jakarta, 1990.
Smith, B.C., Understanding Third World Politics: Theories of Political Change and Development, Macmillan Press, London, 1996.
Soemantri, Sri, Partai Politik, Sistem Kepartaian dan Sistem Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia (Political Party, Party System and Electoral System in Indonesia). Yayasan Pendidikan Bunda, Bandung, 1969.
Soltau, Roger H., An Introduction to Politics, Longmans Green & Co., London, 1961.
Sonata, Thamrin, UU Politik, Buah Reformasi Setengah Hati (Political Law, Result of a Half Hearted Reform), Yayasan PARIBA, Jakarta, 1999.
245
Sudarsono, Yuwono (Ed.), Pembangunan Politik dan Perubahan Politik (Political Development and Changes), Gramedia, Jakarta, 1976.
Suhardiman, Pembangunan Politik Satu Abad (PoMcal Development in a Millenium), Yayasan Lestari Budaya, Jakarta, 1996.
Suharto, Suharto: My Thoughts, Words, and Deeds: An Autobiography, (Ed., Muti'ah Lestimo; trans., Sumadi.), Citra Lamtoro Gung Persada, Jakarta, 1991.
Sukama, Sistem Politik Indonesia (Indonesian Political System), Vol. I, II, III, IV, Mandar Maju, Bandung, 1992.
Sukarno, Sukarno: An Authobiography as told to Cindy Adams, The Bobbs-Merril CO., Inc., Indianapolis, 1965.
Sukma, Rizal, Indonesia and China: The Politics of a Troubled Relationship, Routledge, London and New York, 1999.
and J. Kristadi (eds.), Hubungan Sipil Militer dan Transisi Demokrasi di Indonesia: Persepsi Sipil dan Militer (The Civilian-Military Relationship and the Transition into Democracy in Indonesia: Civilian and Military Perception), CSIS, Jakarta, 1999.
246
Sundhaussen, Ulf, The Road to Power: Indonesian Military Politics, 1945-1967, Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1982.
Surbakti, Ramlan, Memahami Umu Politik (Understanding Political Science), Gramedia, Jakarta, 1992.
Suryadinata, Leo, Military Ascendency and Political Culture: A Study of Indonesia's Golkar, Center for International Studies, Ohio Univ., 1989.
, Peranakan Chinese Politics in Java 1917 - 1942, Singapore UP, 1981 (Revised Ed.).
Swearer, Donald K., The Third World: Southeast Asia, The Dushkin Publishing Group, Inc., Connecticut, 1984.
Tilman, Robert O. (ed.), Man, State and Society in Contemporary Southeast Asia, Pall Mall Press, London, 1969.
Vandenbosch, Amry and Richard Butwell, The Changing Face of Southeast Asia. Schenkman Publishing Company, Cambridge, Mass., 1975.
Vanhanen, Tatu, Prospect of Democracy: A Study of 172 Countries, Routledge, London and New York, 1997.
247
Vasil, Raj, Governing Indonesia: National Development and Democracy, ButterworthHeinemann Asia, Singapore, 1997.
Vatikiotis, Michael R.J, Indonesian Politics Under Soehato: Order, Development and Pressure for Change, Routledge, London, 1993.
, Political Change in Southeast Asia: Trimming the Banyan Tree, Routledge, London, 1996.
Vidich, Arthur J. and Ronald M. Glassman (eds.). Conflict and Control: Challenge to Legitimacy of Modem Governments, Sage Publications, London, 1979.
Waddell, J.R.E., An Introduction to Southeast Asian Politics, John Wiley & Sons Australia Pty. Ltd., Adelide, 1972.
Ward, Kenneth E., The Foundation of the Partai Muslimin Indonesia, Cornell Modem Indonesia Project, Ithaca, 1970.
Widjaja, Albert, Budaya Politik dan Pembangunan Ekonomi (Political Culture and Economic Development), LPSES, Jakarta, 1988.
Weiner, Myron and Ergun Od>uden (eds.). Competitive Elections in Developing Countries, Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, 1987.
248
Widjojanto, Bambang, Saldi Isra and Marwan Mas (eds.), KonstUmi Baru Melalui Komisi Konstitusi Independen (The New Constitution through an Independent Commission for Constitution), Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 2002.
Williams, Robert and Robin Theobald, Corruption in the Developing World, Edward Edgar Publishing Ltd., Cheltenham and Northampton, UK and USA, 2000.
Wilopo, Zaman Pemerintahan Partai-partai Politik (The Era of Party Government), Idayu, Jakarta, 1978.
Witoelar, Rachmat, Political Developments in Indonesia, Institute of Policy Studies, Singapore, 1989.
Yasunaka, Akio, The Sequence of "Crises" in Indonesia, Institute of Developing Studies, Tokyo, 1976.
Articles
Bird, Judith, "Indonesia in 1998: The Pot Boils Over", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XXXIXX, No. 2, March/ April 1999.
Budiman, Arief, "The Student Movement in Indonesia: A Study of the Relationship Between Culture and Structure", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XVIII, No. 6, June 1978.
249
Cheong, Yong Mun, "Indonesia: Questions of Stability", Southeast Asian Affairs 1978, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1978.
Crouch, Harold, "Patrimonialism and Military Rule in Indonesia", World Politics, XXXI(4),July,571-87, 1987.
, "Indonesia: Democratization and the Threat of Disintegration", Southeast Asian Affairs, ISEAS, Singapore, 2000, pp. 115 - 133.
Dhakidae, Daniel, "Pemilihan Umum Saksi Pasang Naik dan Pasang Surut" in Prisma No.9, 1981,pp. 25-26.
, "Pemilihan Umum di Indonesia" (General Elections in Indonesia), Seri Prisma, LP3ES, Jakarta, 1986.
, "Partai politik dan Sistem Kepartaian di Indonesia" (Political Party and Party System in Indonesia), in Pilihan Artikel Prisma, Analisa Kekuatan Politik di Indonesia (Analysis of Political Power in Indonesia), Jakarta, LP3ES, 1988, pp. 189-225.
Djiwandono, Soedjati J., "Progress in Democratic Experiment in Indonesia", Southeast Asian Affairs 1989, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1989.
250
Emmerson, Donald K., "Understanding the New Order: Bureaucratic Pluralism in Indonesia", Asian Survey, 23, No. 11, November 1983,1220-41.
"Empat Tokoh Reformasi Akhimya Bertemu" (The Four Reform Leaders Finally Meet), Kompas, 11 November 1998.
Feith, Herbert, "Toward Elections in Indonesia", Pacific Affairs, September 1954, pp. 147-48.
, "Suharto's Search for a Political Format", Indonesia 6. October 1968.
Goshal, Baladas, "Indonesia in 1985: A Year of Trials", Southeast Asian Affairs 1986, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1986.
Halldorson, Jon, "A Higher Profile of Indonesia", Southeast Asian Affairs 1989, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1989.
Hansen, Gary E., "Indonesia 1974: A Momentous Year", Asian Suvey, UCP, vol XV, No. 2, February 1974.
, "Indonesia 1975: National Resilience and Continuity of the New Order Struggle" Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XVI, No. 2, February 1976.
251
Haseman, John B., "Indonesia's Armed Forces", Southeast Asian Affairs 1999, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1999.
Hein, Gordon R., "Participation and Stability in Indonesia", The Indonesian Quarterly, vol. VI, No. 3, July 1978, CSIS, Jakarta, 1978.
, "Indonesia in 1981: Countdown to the General Elections", Asian Survey, 22, No. 2, February 1982, 200-11.
_, "Indonesia in 1988: Another Five Years of Suharto", Asian Survey, 29, No. 2, February 1989, 119-28.
, "Indonesia in 1989: A Question of Openness," Asian Survey, 30, No. 2, February 1990,221-30.
Hindley, Donald, "Pantjasila Democracy and the 1971 Elections", Asian Survey vol. Xll, no. 1, January 1971.
Kaisiepo, Manuel, "Stabilitas dan Konflik dalam Perspektif Politik dan Sosiologis" (Stability and Conflict in the Political and Sociological Perspectives), Kompas, 24 Oktober 1984.
252
King, Dwight Y., "Partai Politik di Tingkat Lokal" (Political Party at the Local Level), Kompas, 12/06/2001.
Lanti, Irman G., "Indonesia: The Year of Continuing Turbulence", Southeast Asian Affairs 2002, ISEAS, Singapore, 2002, pp. 111 - 129.
Legowo, T.A., "The 1999 General Election", The Indonesian Quarterly vol. XXVII, No. 2, Second Quarter, 1999.
Lev, Daniel S., "Indonesia 1965: The Year of the Coup", Asian Survey, UCP, no. 6, February, 1966.
Liddle, R. William, "The 1977 Indonesian Election and New Order Legitimacy", Southeast Asian Affairs 1978, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1978.
, "Indonesia 1977: The New Order's Second Parliamentary Election", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XVIII, No. 2, February 1978.
, "Depolarizing Indonesian Politics", Asian Wall Street Journal, 31 December 1985.
, "Indonesia in 1987: The New Order at the Height of Its Power", Asian Survey, 28, No. 2, February 1988, 180-91.
253
, "Indonesia in 1999: Democracy Restored", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XL, No. 1, January/ February 2000.
, "Indonesia in 2000: A Shaky Start for Democracy", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XLI, No. 1, January/ Februaiy 2001.
Lubis, Mochtar, "Party Confusion in Indonesia", Far Eastern Survey, 29 October 1952.
Malley, Michael S., "Indonesia in 2001: Restoring Stability in Jakarta", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XLII, No. 1, January/Febmary 2002.
"Mengenang Tragedi Nasional Tiga Puluh Tujuh Tahun Lalu" (Remembering the National Tragedy 37 Years Ago), Kompas, Monday, 30 September 2002.
Morfit, Michael, "Pancasila: The Indonesian State Ideology According to the New Order Government", i45'/art Survey, August 1981, pp. 838-51.
National Democratic Institute for International Affairs, The 1999 Presidential Election, MPR General Session and Post-Election Developments in Indonesia, National Democratic Institute, Washington, November 28, 1999.
Olson, Mancur, "Rapid Growth as a Destabilizing Force", Journal of Economic History, Vol. 23, (December 23, 1963), p.532.
254
Said, Salim, "Suharto's Armed Forces: Building a Power Base in New Order Indonesia, 1966-1998". Asian Survey, vol. XXXVIII, No. 6, University of California Press, June 1998.
Samson, Allan A., "Islam in Indonesian Politics", Asian Survey 8, UCP, no. 12, Desember 1968.
Samson, Allan A., "Indonesia 1973: A Climate of Concern", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XIV, No. 2, February 1974.
, "Indonesian in 1972: The Solidification of Military Control", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. 14, No. 2, February 1973, (pp. 127-139).
Sartori, Giovanni, European Political Parties: The Case of Polarized Pluralism, in Political Parties and Political Development edited by J. LaPalombara and Myron Weiner, Princeton UP, New Jersey, 1966, pp. 137-176.
Smith, Anthony L., "Indonesia: Transforming the Leviathan" in John Funston (ed.). Governments and Politics in Southeast Asia, ISEAS, Singapore, 2001.
Soesastro, Hadi, "The Indonesian Economy under Abdurrahman Wahid", Southeast Asian Affairs 2000, ISEAS, Singapore, 2000, pp. 134-144.
255
Sukma, Rizal, "Indonesia: A Year of Politics and Sadness" in Derek da Cunha and John Funston, Southeast Asian Affairs 1998, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1998.
Suryadinata, Leo, "A Year of Upheaval and Uncertainty", Southeast Asian Affairs 1999, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1999.
, "Chinese Politics in Post-Soehato's Indonesia: Beyond the Ethnic Approach?", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XLl, No. 3 May/ June, 2001.
Thayer, Carlyle A., "Southeast Asia: Challanges to Unity and Regime Legitimacy", Southeast Asian Affairs 1999, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore, 1999.
The Indonesian Quarterly, Political Issues of the Nineteen Nineties and Their Influence on the Party System in Indonesia, vol. XX, No. 1, First Quarter, 1992.
, The Increasing Challenge of Regime's Legitimacy, vol. XXIV, no. 3, Third Quarter, 1996.
, The Tension Between Democratisation and Status Quo Movements, vol. XXIV, No. 4, Fourth Quarter, 1996.
, Political Dynamics Prior to the 1998 Special Session of People s Consultative Assembly, vol. XXVI, No. 4, Fourth Quarter, 1998.
256
, Some Concerns over Indonesia's Economic Recovery, vol. XXX, No. 3, Third Quarter, 2000.
_, President Wahid's Second Chance, vol. XXVIII, No.3, Third Quarter, 2000.
, Indonesia: A 'Broken-Backed' Slate?, vol. XXIX, No. 4. Fourth Quarter, 2001.
Wahab, Solichin Abdul, Peta Politik Indonesia: Partai-partai Politik dan Reposisi ABRI dalam Masa Transisi Menuju Demokrasi (Indonesian Political Map: Political Parties and the Reposition of Indonesian Military in the Transition to Democracy), a paper presented in a seminar in Pesantren Mahasiswa Al-Hikam, Malam, 9 February 1999.
Weatherbee, Donald E, "Indonesia in 1984: Pancasila, Politics, and Power", Asian Survey, 25, No. 2, February 1985, pp. 187-97.
Weiner, Myron, "Empirical Democratic Theory," in Myron Weiner and Ergun Ozbuden (eds.). Competitive Elections in Developing Countries, Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, 1987.
Wiratma, I Made Leo and Nanda Hasibuan, "Post-Election Political Developments", The Indonesian Quarterly vol. XXV, No. 3, Third Quarter, 1997.
257
Zenzei, Charles U., "Indonesia's New Political Spectrum", Asian Survey, UCP, vol. XXXIX, No. 2, March/ April 1999.
258
