The downside up? A study of factors associated with a successful course of treatment for adolescents in secure residential care
Annemiek T. Harder
Studies presented in this thesis and the printing of this thesis were financially supported by grants from the University of Groningen and secure residential care center Het Poortje.
The downside up? A study of factors associated with a successful course of treatment for adolescents in secure residential care Thesis, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands ISBN 978–90–367–4918–3 ISBN 978–90–367–4919–0 (electronic version) Cover design and drawing by A.T. Harder Printed by Drukkerij Doorn Groningen Copyright © 2011 A. T. Harder, the Netherlands All rights are reserved. No part of this thesis may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without prior written permission of the author.
RIJKSUNIVERSITEIT GRONINGEN The downside up? A study of factors associated with a successful course of treatment for adolescents in secure residential care
Proefschrift ter verkrijging van het doctoraat in de
Gedrags‐ en Maatschappijwetenschappen aan de Rijksuniversiteit Groningen op gezag van de
Rector Magnificus, dr. E. Sterken,
in het openbaar te verdedigen op donderdag 23 juni 2011 om 16.15 uur
door
Annemiek Theodora Harder geboren op 1 januari 1982 te Hengelo (Ov.)
Promotor Copromotor Beoordelingscommissie
Prof. dr. E.J. Knorth Dr. mr. M.E. Kalverboer
Prof. dr. H.W.E. Grietens Prof. dr. N.W. Slot Prof. dr. J. Fernández del Valle
“De stam is goed, maar bepaalde kromme takken moeten eruit gesnoeid worden” (Een moeder over haar 20‐jarige zoon in gesloten jeugdzorginstelling Het Poortje) [“The trunk is good, but certain curved branches should be pruned”] (A mother about her 20‐year old son in secure residential care center Het Poortje)
Met vage afbeelding van boom in grijstinten
Paranimfen
Laura Hooftman
Tim Tausendfreund
Waar een wil is, is een weg… [Where there's a will, there's a way…]
C O NTE N TS
CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 9 CHAPTER 2 RISKY OR NEEDY? CHARACTERISTICS OF ADOLESCENTS IN SECURE RESIDENTIAL YOUTH CARE ............................................................................................................ 25 CHAPTER 3 INTERACTION WITHIN THE BLACK BOX: A REVIEW OF
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CLIENTS AND STAFF IN RESIDENTIAL YOUTH CARE ................... 43
CHAPTER 4 A SECURE BASE? THE ADOLESCENT‐STAFF RELATIONSHIP IN SECURE RESIDENTIAL YOUTH CARE .............................................................................................. 59
CHAPTER 5 UNDER ONE ROOF: A REVIEW AND SELECTIVE META‐ANALYSIS ON THE OUTCOMES OF RESIDENTIAL CHILD AND YOUTH CARE...................................................... 75 CHAPTER 6 SECURING THE DOWNSIDE UP: CLIENT AND CARE FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH OUTCOMES OF SECURE RESIDENTIAL CARE FOR ADOLESCENTS ............. 95 CHAPTER 7 THEY HAVE LEFT THE BUILDING: A REVIEW OF AFTERCARE SERVICES FOR ADOLESCENTS IN RESIDENTIAL CHILD AND YOUTH CARE ............................ 111 CHAPTER 8 TRANSITION SECURED? A FOLLOW‐UP STUDY OF ADOLESCENTS WHO HAVE LEFT SECURE RESIDENTIAL CARE .......................................................................... 133 CHAPTER 9 GENERAL DISCUSSION ......................................................................................... 155
REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................. 171 SUMMARY ...................................................................................................................................... 193 NEDERLANDSE SAMENVATTING (SUMMARY IN DUTCH) ...................................................... 201 DANKWOORD (ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS)................................................................................... 211 LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ................................................................................................................ 217 CURRICULUM VITAE .................................................................................................................... 221
CHAPTER 1 I NTR O D UC TI O N
Secure residential youth care “…is both incarceration and an alternative to incarceration, a form of control imposed so that care can be given” (Harris & Timms, 1993, p. 4)
This chapter is partly based on:
Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Boendermaker, L. (2011). Residentiële jeugdzorg in beeld [Residential youth care in the picture]. In J. D. Van der Ploeg, & E. M. Scholte (Red.), Orthopedagogische probleemvelden en voorzieningen in Nederland [Orthopedagogical problem areas and facilities in the Netherlands] (pp. 267‐285). Antwerpen/Apeldoorn: Garant. Harder, A. T., Knorth, E. J., & Zandberg, T. (2006). Residentiële jeugdzorg in beeld: Een overzichtsstudie naar de doelgroep, werkwijzen en uitkomsten [Residential youth care in the picture: A review study of its target group, methods and outcomes]. Amsterdam: SWP Publishers.
