DAFTAR ISI ABSTRAK
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ABSTRACT
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AYAT AL-QUR’AN .................................................................................................iii PEDOMAN PENGGUNAAN TUGAS AKHIR .......................................................iv KATA PENGANTAR ...............................................................................................vi DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................viii DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................................xi DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................................xiii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..............................................................................................xv BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..........................................................................................1 1.1
Latar Belakang Masalah .....................................................................1
1.2
Perumusan Masalah ............................................................................3
1.3
Tujuan Penelitian ................................................................................4
1.4
Pembatasan Masalah ..........................................................................4
1.5
Sistematika Penulisan .........................................................................5
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA................................................................................6 2.1
Ergonomi ............................................................................................6 2.1.1 Definisi Ergonomi .....................................................................6 2.1.2 Ruang Lingkup Ergonomi .........................................................7 2.1.3 Tujuan Ergonomi ......................................................................8 2.1.4 Bidang Kajian Ergonomi ..........................................................8
2.2
Discomfort Questionner .....................................................................9 2.2.1 Struktur Kuesioner ....................................................................9
2.2
Antropometri ......................................................................................10 2.2.1 Definisi Antropometri ...............................................................11 2.2.2 Pembagian Antropometri ..........................................................11 2.2.3 Aplikasi Data Antropometri dalam Perancangan Produk/ Fasilitas Kerja............................................................................14 2.2.4 Dimensi Tubuh Antropometri ...................................................16 2.2.5 Metode Perancangan dengan Antropometri ..............................20
2.4
Aplikasi Ergonomi Untuk Perancangan Tempat Kerja ......................23
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2.4.1 Daerah Kerja Horisontal ...........................................................23 2.4.2 Ringkasan Sikap Duduk ............................................................26 2.7
REBA (Rapid Entire Body Assessment) .............................................30
2.8
Desain Industri....................................................................................39
BAB III KERANGKA PEMECAHAN MASALAH ................................................40 3.1
Pengamatan Pendahuluan ...................................................................40
3.2
Identifikasi Masalah ...........................................................................40
3.3
Studi Pustaka ......................................................................................40
3.4
Penetapan Tujuan Penelitian dan Batasan Penelitian .........................42
3.5
Pengumpulan Data..............................................................................42
3.6
Pengolahan Data .................................................................................42 3.6.1 Penyebaran Discomfort Questionnaire .....................................42 3.6.2 Keluhan Fisik ............................................................................43 3.6.3 Perekaman cara kerja dan posisi kerja ......................................43 3.6.4 Identifikasi posisi kerja dengan menggunakan metoda ..........REBA 43 3.6.5 Rancangan fasilitas kerja ..........................................................43
3.6
Analisis ...............................................................................................45
3.7
Kesimpulan dan Saran ........................................................................45
BAB IV PENGUMPULAN DAN PENGOLAHAN DATA .....................................46 4.1
Pengumpulan Data..............................................................................46 4.1.1 Gambaran Umum Perusahaan ...................................................46 4.1.2 Proses Pembuatan Produk .........................................................48 4.1.3 Data Fasilitas Kerja ...................................................................51 4.1.4 Data Keluhan Pengrajin 2013 ...................................................54 4.1.5 Penyebaran kuesioner ...............................................................55
4.2
Pengolahan Data .................................................................................55 4.2.1 Pengolahan Discomfort Questionnaire .....................................56 4.2.2 Elemen-Elemen Kerja Pada Bagian Pembentukan Dan ........... 4.2.3 Identifikasi Risiko Kerja Dengan Menggunakan REBA ..........62
BAB V ANALISA DAN PEMBAHASAN ...............................................................70 5.1
Analisis Ayat Al-Qur’an.....................................................................70
5.2
Analisis Proses Pembuatan Gerabah ..................................................71
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Dekorasi
5.3
Analisis Fasilitas Kerja Yang Ada .....................................................71
5.4
Analisis Pengolahan Berdasarkan Metode REBA (rapid entire body assessment) ................................................................................71
5.5
Analisis Hasil Kuesioner ....................................................................72
5.6
Rancangan Fasilitas Kerja ..................................................................72
5.7
Pemanfaatan Oven Gas.......................................................................81
BAB VI KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ...................................................................82 6.1
Kesimpulan ...........................................................................................82
6.2
Saran ......................................................................................................83
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................................84 LAMPIRAN
..........................................................................................................85
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 2. 1 Antropometri Tubuh Manusia yang Diukur Dimensinya .........................17 Tabel 2. 2 Antropometri Tangan ................................................................................18 Tabel 2. 3 Antropometri Kepala.................................................................................19 Tabel 2. 4 Antropometri Kaki ....................................................................................20 Tabel 2. 5 Posisi Batang Tubuh .................................................................................30 Tabel 2. 6 Posisi Leher ...............................................................................................31 Tabel 2. 7 Posisi Kaki ................................................................................................32 Tabel 2. 8 Posisi Lengan Atas ....................................................................................33 Tabel 2. 9 Posisi Lengan Bawah ................................................................................34 Tabel 2. 10 Posisi Pergelangan Tangan .....................................................................35 Tabel 2. 11 Tabel A REBA ........................................................................................36 Tabel 2. 12 Berat Beban yang Diangkat ....................................................................36 Tabel 2. 13 Tabel B REBA ........................................................................................36 Tabel 2. 14 Jenis Coupling .........................................................................................37 Tabel 2. 15 Tabel B REBA ........................................................................................37 Tabel 2. 16 Skor Aktivitas Perhitungan REBA .........................................................37 Tabel 2. 17 Hasil Perhitungan REBA ........................................................................38 Tabel 4. 1 Data keluhan pengrajin UPTD Ltbang Plered 2013 .................................55 Tabel 4. 2 Rekapitulasi Hasil Discomfort Questionnaire ..........................................57 Tabel 4. 3 Elemen-Elemen Kerja Di Bagian Pembentukan Dan Dekorasi ................62 Tabel 4. 4 Perhitungan REBA Grup A ......................................................................64 Tabel 4. 5 Berat Beban Yang Diangkat .....................................................................64 Tabel 4. 6 Perhitungan REBA Grup B .......................................................................65 Tabel 4. 7 Jenis Coupling ...........................................................................................65 Tabel 4. 8 Perhitungan REBA ....................................................................................66 Tabel 4. 9 Skor Aktivitas Perhitungan REBA ...........................................................66 Tabel 4. 10 Rekapitulasi Pengrajin 1 Untuk Semua Elemen .....................................67 Tabel 4. 11 Rekapitulasi Seluruh Pengrajin Untuk Semua Elemen ...........................68 Tabel 5. 1 Dimensi Rancangan Fasilitas Kerja ..........................................................74 Tabel 5. 2 Rekapitulasi Perhitungan Dimensi Yang Terkait......................................76
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Tabel 5. 3 Alasan Penggunaan Nilai Persentil ...........................................................77 Tabel 5. 4 Alasan Penggunaan Toleransi ...................................................................78 Tabel 5. 5 Ukuran Yang Digunakan Untuk Rancangan Fasilitas Kerja ....................79 Tabel 5. 6 Spesifikasi Rencana Biaya Rancangan Fasilitas Kerja .............................80
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. 1Data Kesehatan UPTD (Unit Pelaksana Teknis Dinas) Litbang Plered.2013 3 Gambar 2. 1 Antropometri Tubuh Manusia yang Diukur Dimensinya .....................17 Gambar 2. 2 Antropometri Tangan ............................................................................18 Gambar 2. 3 Antropometri Kepala .............................................................................19 Gambar 2. 4 Antropometri Kaki ................................................................................20 Gambar 2. 5 Batasan-Batasan Daerah Kerja yang Dikembangkan Oleh R.R.Farley Pada General Motors Pada Tahun 1955 ...............................................25 Gambar 2. 6 Batasan-Batasan Jangkauan Fungsional Dalam Suatu Area Kerja yang Horisontal Untuk 1 Individu, Menunjukkan Pengaruh Dari Sebuah Tempat Duduk (SRP = Seat Reference Point). ........................25 Gambar 2. 7 Stasiun Kerja Komputer ........................................................................28 Gambar 2. 8 Prosedur Pengaturan Stasiun Kerja Berkomputer .................................29 Gambar 2. 9 Posisi Batang Tubuh..............................................................................31 Gambar 2. 10 Posisi Leher .........................................................................................32 Gambar 2. 11 Posisi Kaki ..........................................................................................33 Gambar 2. 12 Posisi Lengan Atas ..............................................................................34 Gambar 2. 13 Posisi Lengan Bawah ..........................................................................35 Gambar 2. 14 Posisi Pergelangan Tangan..................................................................35 Gambar 2. 15 REBA Score Sheet ..............................................................................38 Gambar 3. 1 Kerangka Pemecahan Masalah..............................................................41 Gambar 4. 1 Tahap Pembuatan Bahan Baku .............................................................48 Gambar 4. 2 Tahap Pembentukan Gerabah................................................................49 Gambar 4. 3 Tahap Dekorasi Gerabah .......................................................................49 Gambar 4. 4 Tahap Pembakaran Gerabah..................................................................50 Gambar 4. 5 Tahap Pengecatan Gerabah ...................................................................50 Gambar 4. 6 Peta Perakitan Gerabah .........................................................................52 Gambar 4. 7 Meja Putar/Pelarik .................................................................................53 Gambar 4. 8 Ukuran Meja Putar/Pelarik ....................................................................53 Gambar 4. 9 Alas Duduk ............................................................................................54 Gambar 4. 10 Ukuran Alas Duduk.............................................................................54
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Gambar 4. 11 Discomfort Questionnaire seluruh Pengrajin Dengan Menggunakan Software Ergofellow 2.0 .....................................................................56 Gambar 4. 12 Rekapitulasi Discomfort Questionnaire seluruh Pengrajin Dengan Menggunakan Software Ergofellow 2.0 .............................................57 Gambar 4. 13 Pengambilan Bahan Baku ...................................................................58 Gambar 4. 14 Mengepuk Bahan Baku .......................................................................59 Gambar 4. 15 Menaruh Bahan Baku Ke Pusat Meja Putar ........................................59 Gambar 4. 16 Memutar Meja Putar ...........................................................................60 Gambar 4. 17 Membentuk Bahan Baku .....................................................................60 Gambar 4. 18 Memutar Meja Putar Dan Membentuk Bahan Baku ...........................61 Gambar 4. 19 Menaruh Bahan Baku Yang Sudah Dibentuk .....................................61 Gambar 4. 20 Penentuan Sudut Elemen Kerja Memutar Meja Putar dan Membentuk Bahan Baku ....................................................................63 Gambar 5. 1 Rancangan Fasilitas Kerja Pada Bagian Pembentukan Dan Dekorasi ..73 Gambar 5. 2 Dimensi Tubuh Rancangan Fasilitas .....................................................75 Gambar 5. 3 Oven Gas ...............................................................................................81
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 Rincian Data Keluhan UPTD Litbang Plered 2013 ...............................86 Lampiran 2 Bentuk Discomfort Questionnaire ..........................................................92 Lampiran 3 Hasil Penyebaran Discomfort Questionnaire .........................................95 Lampiran 4 Gambar Penyudutan Dan Perhitungan Reba ..........................................96 Lampiran 4 SOP pembuatan gerabah .........................................................................136 Lampiran 4 Perhitungan Antropometri Dengan Software Ergostat ...........................137
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