REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (RPL) Perancangan PL Pemodelan

REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (RPL) Perancangan PL – Pemodelan

Tujuan perkuliahan Memahami pendekatan terstruktur Memahami pendekatan berorientasi objek

RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Agenda Pemodelan pendekatan terstruktur Pemodelan pendekatan berorientasi objek


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Metode Functional Design – Berorientasi pada fungsi – Structured Design (Constantin & Yourdon, 1979), Step wise Refinement (Wirth, 1971, 1976), Jackson Structured Programming (Jackson, 1975), dll.

Object-oriented Design – Berorientasi pada objek/data – Booch (1994), Meyer (1988), Jacobson et all (1993), dll.


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Pemodelan Terstruktur (Functional Design)

Functional Design Approaches Transform Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transform flow : – Incoming flow : aliran/jalur informasi eksternal masuk ke sistem untuk ditransformasikan menjadi informasi internal – Transform center : pusat transformasi di dalam sistem yang akan mentriger informasi keluar dari sistem – Outgoing flow : aliran/jalur informasi internal keluar dari sistem menjadi informasi eksternal

Transaction Mapping - langkah perancangan untuk tipe DFD transaction flow : – Transaction : data tunggal yang mentriger satu atau beberapa aliran data – Transaction center : penghubung antara aliran-aliran data hasil pentrigeran dengan data trigernya – Action path : aliran/jalur informasi hasil triger RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Functional Design Approaches Transform flow : tipe dasar DFD b

incoming flow

a

e d

c transform center

h f g outgoing flow

Transaction flow : b

transaction center

transaction

a

action path

c

d g

f

e

h


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Transform Mapping Langkah-langkah Transform Mapping : – Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah – Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe transform flow atau transaction flow – Tentukan batas antara incoming flow, transform center dan outgoing flow – Bangun first level factoring – Bangun second level factoring – Refine first iteration

Contoh Transform Mapping : SafeHome Security Software RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Transform Mapping – Contoh DFD level 1 : Control panel

user commands and data 1* Interact with user

configuration data

2* Configure system configure request

start stop password

configuration data

configuration data

3 Activate /deactivate sytem A/D msg.

5* Process password

configuration information

valid ID msg.

4 Display messages and status

display information

sensor information Sensors

sensor status

6* Monitor sensors

Control panel display

Alarm alarm type

telephone number tones


Telephone line

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Transform Mapping – Contoh DFD level 2 : Monitor sensors 6.3* Format for display configuration information

configuration data

sensor ID, type, location 6.2* Assess against setup

6.1 Read sensors

sensor ID, type

sensor information

6.4 Generate alarm signal

alarm type

alarm data

telephone number

sensor status 6.5* Dial phone



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Transform Mapping – Contoh DFD level 3 : Monitor sensors configuration information

formated ID, type, location 6 Format display

configuration data

sensor information

9 Generate display


sensor status sensor ID, type, location 1 Read sensors sensor ID, type

2 Acquire response info alarm cond. code, sensor ID, timing information

7 Generate alarm signal

alarm type 8 Generate pulses to line

alarm data 3 Establish alarm conditions list of numbers

4 Select phone number


telephone number

5 Set up conn. to phone net

tone ready telephone number

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Transform Mapping – Contoh First level factoring : Monitor sensors configuration information 9 6 1 2

7 3 4 5

8

Monitor sensors executive

Sensor input controller

Alarm conditions controller

Alarm output controller


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Transform Mapping – Contoh Second level factoring : Monitor sensors Monitor sensors executive

Sensor input controller

Acquire response info

Read sensors

Alarm conditions controller

Establish alarm conditions

Select phone number


Format display

Generate display


Generate alarm signal

Set up conn. to phone net

Generate pulses to line

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Transform Mapping – Contoh Refine first iteration : Monitor sensors Monitor sensors executive


Read sensors



Produce display

Generate alarm signal



– Incoming controller dihapus : data input tunggal, cukup sederhana – Transform controller dihapus dan digabung dalam satu modul : ada penurunan tingkat kohesifitas – Format display dan generate display digabung : sederhana RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Transaction Mapping Langkah-langkah Transaction Mapping : – Review dan refine DFD sampai ke level paling bawah – Tentukan apakah DFD tsb. memiliki karakteristik tipe transform flow atau transaction flow – Tentukan batas antara incoming path/transaction, transaction center dan action path – Bangun first level factoring – Bangun second level factoring – Refine first iteration

Contoh Transaction Mapping : SafeHome Security Software RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Transaction Mapping Transaction structuring Transaction control a

Reception path

b

b

d

Dispatcher

c1

a q

r

s

d p p q

r s


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Transaction Mapping – Contoh DFD level 2 : User interaction user commands and data 1 Read user command

configure request command type

2 Invoke command processing

8 Build configurat ion file

configuration data configuration information

start stop password

3 Read password

7 Read system data

raw configuration data

5 Activate/d eactivate system

configuration data A/D msg.

four digits 4 Compare password w/ file

valid ID msg.


configuration data 6 Display message & status display information

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Transaction Mapping – Contoh First/Second level factoring : User interaction User interaction executive

Invoke command processing

Read user command

Read system data

System configuration controller

Activate /deactivate system

Password processing controller

Build configuration file

Display messages & status

Read password


Compare password w/ file

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Transaction Mapping – Contoh Arsitektur SafeHome Security Software SafeHome Security Monitor sensors executive User interaction executive

Read user command

Read system data

Invoke command processing



Read sensors

System configuration controller

Activate /deactivate system

Password processing controller

Build configuration file

Display messages & status

Read password

Produce display

Alarm output controller Generate alarm signal



Compare password w/ file


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Latihan d0

Data X 1p Proses A

d1

d2

5p Proses E

d3

2p Proses B

3p Proses C

d5

6p Proses F

d7

d4

4p Proses D

d6


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Pemodelan Berorientasi Objek (Object-oriented Design)

OOA, OOD, OOP Object-oriented analysis, design and programming are related but distinct OOA is concerned with developing an object model of the application domain OOD is concerned with developing an objectoriented system model to implement requirements OOP is concerned with realising an OOD using an OO programming language such as Java or C++


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Konsep Metode untuk melakukan dekomposisi arsitektur sistem berdasarkan objek-objek yang dimanipulasi oleh sistem yang sedang dibangun Identifikasi dan mendefinisikan klas-klas tambahan yg merefleksikan implementasi dari kebutuhankebutuhan hasil analisis Notasi = OOA Proses : – Perancangan sistem : struktur klas, user interface, data management – Perancangan objek : atribut/struktur data, algoritma operasi RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Struktur klas Gunakan klas-klas hasil analisis dan tambahkan sesuai dengan kebutuhan perancangan Reuse jika memungkinkan

packaging : pengelompokan klas-klas yg sesuai RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Package diagram


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Finding classes Identifying object classes is often a difficult part of object oriented design There is no 'magic formula' for object identification. It relies on the skill, experience and domain knowledge of system designers. Object identification is an iterative process. You are unlikely to get it right first time. Use domain analysis as before Use a grammatical approach based on a natural language description of the system Base the identification on tangible things in the application domain RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Finding classes Derive them from the use cases (descriptions/scenarios) Look for data which must be stored or analysed Are there external systems? Are there any devices under the control of the system? Are there any organisational parts?


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Object Design Attributes – Describe the state and characteristics of the object – Must be typed : primitive or class – Only name and type are mandatory

Operations – Operations manipulate attributes and perform other tasks – Scope is the class – Operation signature is composed of name, parameters and return type RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Object Design Sifat akses atribut dan operasi/service : – private (klas/objek ybs.) – protected (klas/objek ybs. dan turunannya) – public (semua klas/objek)

Algoritma operasi  untuk implementasi spesifikasi dari setiap operasi – operasi manipulasi data (set, delete, get, dll.) – operasi komputasi – operasi pengontrolan


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Operations – polymorphism Polymorphism means many (poly) shapes (morph) There are two kinds of polymorphism: – Overloading Two or more methods with different signatures with the same name They essentially do the same thing, e.g. class constructors

– Overriding Replacing an inherited method class with another having the same signature (no matter with different parameter’s name) Do different thing using the same method’s signature RPL - Perancangan PL - Pemodelan / Tri A. Kurniawan, S.T, M.T, Ph.D

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Latihan A weather station is a package of software controlled instruments which collects data, performs some data processing and transmits this data for further processing. The instruments include air and ground thermometers, an anemometer, a wind vane, a barometer and a rain gauge. Data is collected periodically. When a command is issued to transmit the weather data, the weather station processes and summarises the collected data. The summarised data is transmitted to the mapping computer when a request is received.


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Penutup Pemodelan perancangan dilakukan berdasarkan hasil pemodelan analisis kebutuhan (RE modeling) Transform dan transaction mapping digunakan untuk membangun arsitektur PL berdasarkan DFD OOD dilakukan berdasarkan hasil OOA dengan perluasan klas jika diperlukan untuk keperluan implementasi


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REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK (RPL) Perancangan PL Pemodelan

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