PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL............................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING.................................................... ii LEMBAR PERSEMBAHAAN............................................................................. iii HALAMAN MOTTO............................................................................................ iv KATA PENGANTAR............................................................................................ v DAFTAR ISI.......................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR GAMBAR.............................................................................................. x DAFTAR TABEL................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .........................................................................................xii DAFTAR SIMBOL DAN ISTILAH.................................................................. xiv ABSTRAKSI....................................................................................................... xvi BAB I
PENDAHULUAN……………………………………………...….1 1.1 Latar Belakang.......................................................................... 1 1.2 Tujuan Penelitian...................................................................... 2 1.3 Manfaat Penelitian ................................................................... 2
BAB II BAB III
1.4 Batasan Penelitian .................................................................... 3 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA............................................................... 4 LANDASAN TEORI................................................................... 7 3.1 Kolom .................................................................................... 7 3.1.1
Beban Kritis Kolom Langsing...................................... 7
3.1.2
Beban Kritis Kolom Pendek dan Kolom Moderat..... 10 a.
3.1.3
Teori Modulus Tangen...................................... 10 Panjang efektif........................................................... 13
3.2 Kolom Tersusun ..................................................................... 14 3.2.1 Efek Gaya Gesesr Pada Kolom Tunggal ................... 15 3.2.2
Efek Gaya Gesesr Kolom Tunggal Terhadap Beban Kritis
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
3.2.3 Efek Gaya Gesesr Pada Kolom Tersusun dengan perangkai dobel diagonal terhadap beban kritis................................................................. 19 3.3 Hubungan Tanpa Dimensi Antara Pcr/Py dengan KL/r ....... 22 3.4 Kegagalan Pada Kolom Tersusun ......................................... 23 3.4.1 Kegagalan Karena Leleh .......................................... 25 3.4.2
Kegagalan Akibat tekuk........................................... 25 a. Tekuk Lokal........................................................ 25 b. Tekuk Keseluruhan ............................................ 27 3.5 Hipotesis ............................................................................... 27 METODE PENELITIAN..............................................................28 4.1 Metode Penelitian ................................................................. 28
BAB IV
4.2 Alat dan Bahan ..................................................................... 28 4.2.1 Peralatan .................................................................. 28 a. Loading Frame.......................................................... 28 b. Dial Gauge................................................................ 29 c. Dukungan Sendi....................................................... 30 d. Hidraulik Jack........................................................... 30 e. Mesin Uji Kuat Tarik................................................ 31 4.2.2 Bahan ....................................................................... 32 a. Benda Uji Pendahuluan............................................ 32 b. Sampel Benda Uji..................................................... 33 4.3 Benda Uji Kolom Tersusun .................................................. 34 4.4 Pelaksanaan Penelitian ......................................................... 39 4.4.1 Pembuatan Benda Uji............................................... 39 4.4.2 Setting Peralatan....................................................... 40 4.4.3 Proses Pengujian Kolom Tersusun Pembebanan Sentris dengan Berbagai Kelangsingan 40 4.5 Bagan Alir Penelitian............................................................ 42 BAB V
5.2.1
HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN.......................... 43 5.1 Hasil Pengujian .................................................................... 43 5.1.1 Hasil Uji Pendahuluan............................................... 43 a. Uji Tarik Elemen Plat Baja dari Profil Siku............... 43 b. Uji Kuat Geser Sambungan Las................................. 44 5.1.2 Uji Kuat Tekan Kolom Tersusun............................... 44 5.2 Pembahasan............................................................................ 46...........
Pembahasan Uji Pendahuluan......................................................................... 46 a. Pembahasan Uji Kuat Tarik Baja........................ 46
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
b.
Pembahasan Uji Kuat Geser Sambungan Las..... 46 5.2.2 Pembahasan Hasil uji Kuat tekan Kolom Tersusun Perangkai diagonal 48 5.2.3 Hubungan antara beban kritis dan Beban Leleh (Pcr/Py) dengan Angka Kelangsingan (KL/r)......................................................................... 49
BAB VI
5.2.4 Perbandingan Analisis Numeris dengan Eksperimen. 50 5.2.5 Pola Kegagalan.......................................................... 52 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ....................................................55 6.1 Kesimpulan ............................................................................55
6.2 Saran DAFTAR PUSTAKA LAMPIRAN
....................................................................................56
DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 3.1
Batang lurus dibebani secara konsentris....................................... (7)
Gambar 3.2
Teori modulus tangen enggeser, 1989 ....................................... (11)
Gambar 3.3
Kurva tegangan-regangan ........................................................ (12) Gambar 3.4
Gambar 3.5
Profil Gabungan Empat Profil Siku........................................... (15)
Deformasi kolom akibat Pembebanan........................................ (16)
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
Gambar 3.6
Efek geser pada kolom tersusun perangkai dobel diagonal....... (19) Gambar 3.7
Grafik hubungan (Pcr/Py) dengan berbagai kelangsingan (KL/r) (23)
Gambar 3.8
Kurva tekuk lokal dan ragam kegagalan ................................... (24)
Gambar 3.9
Kerusakan akibat tekuk lokal .................................................... (26)
Gambar 4.1
Loading Frame........................................................................... (29)
Gambar 4.2
Dial Gauge ................................................................................ (30)
Gambar 4.3
Dukungan Sendi ........................................................................ (30)
Gambar 4.4
Hidraulic jack............................................................................. (31)
Gambar 4.5
Mesin uji kuat tarik..................................................................... (31)
Gambar 4.6
Sampel uji tarik bahan................................................................ (32)
Gambar 4.7
Benda uji sambungan las............................................................ (33)
Gambar 4.8
Baja profil siku........................................................................... (34)
Gambar 4.9
Baja bulat polos ......................................................................... (34)
Gambar 4.10a Benda uji dengan kelangsingan (KL/r) = 20.............................. (35) Gambar 4.10b Benda uji dengan kelangsingan (KL/r) = 40.............................. (36) Gambar 4.10c Benda uji dengan kelangsingan (KL/r) = 60.............................. (37) Gambar 4.10d Benda uji dengan kelangsingan (KL/r) = 80.............................. (38) Gambar 4.11
Potongan melintang 4 profil siku............................................... (39)
Gambar 4.12
Penempatan dial gauge pada benda uji...................................... (40)
Gambar 4.13
Plat dengan eksentrisitas nol...................................................... (41)
Gambar 4.14
Bagan Alir Prosedur Penelitian.................................................. (42)
Gambar 5.1
Penempatan dial gauge pada benda uji...................................... (45) Gambar 5.2
Grafik hubungan antara beban dengan Lendutan pada keempat benda uji
(45) Gambar 5.3
Grafik hubungan Pcr– KL/r ...................................................... (49)
Gambar 5.4
Grafik hubungan Pcr/Py – KL/r ................................................ (50)
Gambar 5.5
Grafik Perbandingan Pcr/Py – KL/r Hasil penelitian dengan Hasil
Teori
(51)
.
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
Gambar 5.6
Grafik Pola Kegagalan............................................................... (53)
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 3.1
Faktor panjang Tekuk Kolom Ideal .......................................... (14)
Tabel 4.1
Ukuran Kolom Tersusun ........................................................... (34)
Tabel 5.1
Hasil pengujian dan Analisa kuat tarik baja ............................. (44) Tabel 5.2
Tabel 5.3
Hasil pengujian kuat geser sambuangan las ............................... (44)
Beban maksimum dan Lendutan Maksimum Hasil Penelitian... (46) Tabel 5.4
Jenis Kawat Las beserta Tegangan Minimumnya....................... (47)
Tabel 5.5
Hubungan Tanpa dimensi antara Pcr/Py dengan KL/r.............. (49)
Tabel 5.6
Perbandingan Analisis Numeris dengan Eksperimen................. (51)
Tabel 5.7
Analisis pola kegagalan.............................................................. (53)
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran A
Hasil Pengujian Kuat Tarik Material Baja, Las Dan Kuat Tekan Kolom Tersusun Dengan Batang Perangkai Melintang
Lampiran B
Perhitungan Dimensi Profil
Lampiran C
Pengujian Kekuatan Kolom Tersusun Dengan Batang Perangkai Dobel Diagonal
Lampiran D
Gambar Foto Pengujian dan Kerusakan Kolom
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
DAFTAR SIMBOL
A
= luas penampang, (mm2)
Ad
= luas penampang batang diagonal, (mm2)
Ab
= luas penampang batang horizontal, (mm2)
b
= panjang batang horizontal, (mm)
a
= jarak antar titik berat profil tunggal, (mm)
d
= panjang batang diagonal, (mm)
E
= modulus elastis, (N/mm2)
Et
= modulus tangent, (N/mm2)
Er
= modulus tereduksi, (N/mm2)
Fy
= tegangan leleh bahan, (kg/cm2)
G
= modulus geser
I
= momen inersia, (mm4)
K
= kekakuan struktur, (kN/mm)
L
= panjang kolom, (mm)
L1
= jarak antar batang perangkai, (mm)
M
= momen, (kN.mm)
P
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PROPOSAL TUGAS AKHIR
Pe
= beban kritis Euler, (kN)
Pcr
= modifikasi beban kritis Euler, (kN)
r
= radius girasi, (mm)
y
= pelenturan, (mm)
α
= sudut yang dibentuk grafik hubungan (M-Φ)
β
= factor bentuk
Ө
= sudut antara batang perangkai horizontal dengan diagonal
Δ
= lendutan, (mm)
μ
= angka poison
π
= konstanta (3,14)
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