PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM REKOMENDASI PENCARIAN BUKU PERPUSTAKAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VECTOR SPACE MODEL (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Udayana) LEMBAR JUDUL KOMPETENSI RPL
SKRIPSI
NI MADE AYU HANDAYANI NIM. 1008605034
JURUSAN ILMU KOMPUTER FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM UNIVERSITAS UDAYANA BUKIT JIMBARAN 2014
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI SISTEM REKOMENDASI PENCARIAN BUKU PERPUSTAKAAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE VECTOR SPACE MODEL (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Udayana)
KOMPETENSI REKAYASA PERANGKAT LUNAK [SKRIPSI]
Sebagai syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana Komputer pada Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana
Tulisan ini merupakan hasil penelitian yang belum pernah dipublikasikan
NI MADE AYU HANDAYANI NIM. 1008605034
Pembimbing I
Pembimbing II
Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara, S.Kom, M.Cs NIP. 198503152010121007
I Made Widiartha, S.Si,M.Kom NIP. 198212202008011008
ii
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR Judul
:
Kompetensi Nama NIM Tanggal Seminar
: : : :
Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Rekomendasi Pencarian Buku Perpustakaan menggunakan Metode Vector Space Model (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Udayana) Rekayasa Perangkat Lunak Ni Made Ayu Handayani 1008605034 10 Oktober 2014 Disetujui oleh :
Pembimbing I
Penguji I
Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara, S.Kom, M.Cs. NIP. 198503152010121007
Ngurah Agus Sanjaya ER, S.Kom, M.Kom NIP. 197803212005011001
Pembimbing II
Penguji II
I Made Widiartha, S.Si,M.Kom NIP. 198212202008011008
Ida Bagus Made Mahendra, S.Kom, M.Kom NIP. 198006212008121002 Penguji III
I Komang Ari Mogi, S.Kom, M.Kom NIP. 198409242008011007
Mengetahui, Ketua Jurusan Ilmu Komputer,
Drs. I Wayan Santiyasa, M.Si NIP. 196704141992031002
iii
Judul
: Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem Rekomendasi Pencarian Buku Perpustakaan Menggunakan Metode Vector Space Model (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Udayana) Nama : Ni Made Ayu Handayani NIM : 1008605034 Pembimbing I : Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara, S.Kom, M.Cs. Pembimbing II : I Made Widiartha, S.Si,M.Kom.
ABSTRAK Buku merupakan komponen wajib yang harus ada di lembaga pendidikan sehingga buku menjadi media informasi yang memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan. Sampai saat ini, beragam buku telah tersedia bagi pembaca. Keragaman buku yang berkembang pesat dan semakin banyak jenisnya menyebabkan pengguna kesulitan dalam menemukan buku yang sesuai dengan keinginan dan tujuan dari si pembaca. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk memberikan kemudahan bagi para pembaca dalam menemukan buku yang sesuai dengan keinginan mereka adalah dengan menggunakan sistem rekomendasi pencarian. Sistem rekomendasi ini dirancang berdasarkan tingkat kemiripan antara kata kunci buku yang dicari dengan konten buku lainnya dengan menggunakan metode VSM (Vector Space Model) untuk melihat kedekatan atau kesamaan term. Dari hasil pengujian menggunakan dataset buku yang berjumlah 50 buku yang diperoleh dari perpustakaan Universitas Udayana., sistem rekomendasi pencarian buku perpustakaan dengan menggunakan metode VSM memiliki ratarata nilai presisi sebesar 50.22% dan rata-rata nilai recall sebesar 79.12%. Hal ini menunjukkan sistem mampu menghasilkan rekomendasi buku yang sesuai dengan kata kunci buku yang dipilih oleh user. Kata Kunci : Rekomendasi, TF-IDF, Vector Space Model, Sistem Temu Kembali Informasi
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Title
:
Name Student Number Main Supervisor Co-Supervisor
: : : :
Design and Implementation of System Recommendations Book Search Library using the Vector Space Model Method (Case Study University Library Udavana) Ni Made Ayu Handayani 1008605034 Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara, S.Kom, M.Cs. I Made Widiartha, S.Si, M.Kom.
ABSTRACT Books are a mandatory component which must be available in an educational institution so that they become an information media which has an important role in the development of science. To date, a variety of books have been made available to the readers. The diversity of books which are growing rapidly and are of more different types cause users to be in difficulty in finding books which match the desires and goals of the reader. One of the means used to makes it easy for readers to find books which meet their desire is to use the recommended search system. The recommendation system is designed based on the degree of similarity between the keywords of searched books with the contents of other books using the VSM (Vector Space Model) to see the closeness or similarity of term. The testing results using a dataset of books totaling 50 books obtained from the library of the University of Udayana, Library book searching recommendation system using the VSM method have an average precision value of 50.22% and the average recall value of 79.12%. This shows the system is able to produce appropriate book recommendations based on the keywords chosen by the user. Keywords: Recommendations. TF-IDF, the Vector Space Model, Information Retrieval System
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KATA PENGANTAR
Tugas
akhir
dengan
judul
Perancangan dan Implementasi Sistem
Rekomendasi Pencarian Buku Perpustakaan Menggunakan Metode Vector Space Model (Studi Kasus Perpustakaan Universitas Udayana) ini disusun sebagai salah satu syarat dalam melakukan penelitian Tugas Akhir di Jurusan Ilmu Komputer FMIPA Universitas Udayana. Sehubungan dengan telah terselesaikannya tugas akhir ini, maka diucapkan terima kasih dan penghargaan kepada berbagai pihak yang telah membantu, antara lain: 1. Bapak Ida Bagus Gede Dwidasmara, S.Kom., M.Cs sebagai Pembimbing I yang telah bersedia membimbing dan membantu menyempurnakan penelitian ini. 2. Bapak I Made Widiartha, S.Si, M.Kom sebagai Pembimbing II yang telah bersedia
membimbing,
memeriksa,
mengkritik
dan
membantu
menyempurnakan penelitian ini. 3. Bapak dan Ibu dosen di Jurusan Ilmu Komputer yang telah meluangkan waktu turut memberikan saran dan masukan dalam penelitian ini. 4. Semua pihak yang telah memberikan dukungan dan semangat dalam proses pembuatan penelitian ini. Penulis menyadari bahwa penelitian tugas akhir ini masih jauh dari sempurna. Oleh karena itu saran atau kritik yang bersifat positif dan membangun sangat diharapkan untuk menyempurnakan penelitian tugas akhir ini.
Denpasar, September 2014
Penulis
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DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR JUDUL ................................................................................................ i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN TUGAS AKHIR ...................................................... iii ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... iv ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................ vi DAFTAR ISI ..................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR .......................................................................................... xi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xiv BAB I .................................................................................................................. 1 PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Latar Belakang ........................................................................................... 1 1.2 Rumusan Masalah ...................................................................................... 2 1.3 Batasan Masalah ......................................................................................... 2 1.4 Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................ 3 1.5 Manfaat Penelitian ...................................................................................... 3 1.6 Metodologi Penelitian ................................................................................. 3 1.6.1 Desain Penelitian ................................................................................. 3 1.6.2 Pengumpulan Data ............................................................................... 4 1.6.3 Pengolahan Data Awal ......................................................................... 5 1.6.4 Metode yang Digunakan ...................................................................... 6 BAB II ............................................................................................................... 14 TINJAUAN PUSTAKA..................................................................................... 14 2.1 Sistem Rekomendasi................................................................................. 14 2.2 Sistem Temu Kembali Informasi .............................................................. 14 2.3 Text Mining .............................................................................................. 15 2.3.1 Case Folding ...................................................................................... 16 2.3.2 Tokenizing.......................................................................................... 17 2.3.3 Filtering ............................................................................................. 17 vii
2.3.4 Stemming ........................................................................................... 18 2.4 Pembobotan TF-IDF (Term Frequency – Inversed Document Frequency) 18 2.5 VSM (Vector Space Model) ....................................................................... 21 2.6 Pengujian Perangkat Lunak ...................................................................... 23 2.6.1 Black Box Testing .............................................................................. 23 2.6.2 White Box Testing .............................................................................. 24 2.6.3 Precision & Recall ............................................................................. 25 2.7 Metode Pengembangan Waterfall ............................................................. 25 2.8 Tinjauan Studi .......................................................................................... 27 BAB III.............................................................................................................. 30 ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN SISTEM ................................................... 30 3.1 Analisis Kebutuhan .................................................................................. 30 3.1.1 Kebutuhan Fungsional........................................................................ 30 3.1.2 Kebutuhan Non-Fungsional ................................................................ 31 3.2 Perancangan Sistem .................................................................................. 31 3.2.1 Use Case Diagram ............................................................................. 31 3.2.2 Activity Diagram ................................................................................ 33 3.2.3 Class Diagram .................................................................................... 41 3.2.4 Sequance Diagram ............................................................................. 42 3.2.5 Entity Relationship Diagram .............................................................. 49 3.3 Perancangan Antarmuka ........................................................................... 50 BAB IV ............................................................................................................. 55 HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN .......................................................................... 55 4.1 Implementasi Sistem................................................................................. 55 4.2 Implementasi Database ............................................................................ 55 4.3 Implementasi Antarmuka .......................................................................... 56 4.4 Implementasi VSM Pada Penyajian Hasil Rekomendasi Pencarian ........... 58 4.5 Pengujian Sistem ...................................................................................... 63 4.5.1 Black Box Testing .............................................................................. 63 4.5.2 Pengujian Kelola Data ........................................................................ 64 4.5.3 Pengujian Halaman Pencarian Pustaka ............................................... 65
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4.5.4 White Box Testing ............................................................................. 66 4.5.5 Precision & Recall ............................................................................. 69 BAB V............................................................................................................... 72 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .......................................................................... 72 5.1 Kesimpulan .............................................................................................. 72 5.2 Saran ........................................................................................................ 72 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 73
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DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 1.1 Contoh kebutuhan fungsional sistem .................................................... 6 Tabel 1.2 Contoh kebutuhan non-fungsional sistem ............................................. 6 Tabel 1.3 Black box testing ................................................................................ 12 Tabel 1.4 Skenario pengujian precision dan recall ............................................. 13 Tabel 2.1 Hubungan cyclomatic complexity dan resiko (Bray, 1997) .................. 24 Tabel 3.1 Kebutuhan fungsional ......................................................................... 30 Tabel 3.2 Kebutuhan non-fungsional.................................................................. 31 Tabel 4.1 Pengujian login................................................................................... 64 Tabel 4.2 Pengujian kelola data buku ................................................................. 65 Tabel 4.3 Pengujian halaman pencarian pustaka pada sisi user ........................... 66 Tabel 4.4 Kasus uji preprocessing...................................................................... 67 Tabel 4.5 Kasus uji rekomendasi pencarian. ....................................................... 69 Tabel 4.6 Pengujian precision dan recall ........................................................... 70 Tabel 4.7 Hasil rekomendasi pencarian buku pada sistem .................................. 71
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1.1 Alur preprocessing ........................................................................... 5 Gambar 1.2 Alur upload buku .............................................................................. 8 Gambar 1.3 Alur pencocokan buku ...................................................................... 9 Gambar 1.4 Algoritma stemming ........................................................................ 10 Gambar 2.1 Ilustrasi sistem temu kembali informasi .......................................... 14 Gambar 2.2 Contoh case folding ........................................................................ 16 Gambar 2.3 Contoh tokenisasi ........................................................................... 17 Gambar 2.4 Contoh filtering .............................................................................. 18 Gambar 2.5 Contoh stemming ............................................................................ 18 Gambar 2.6 Matrix term-document .................................................................... 19 Gambar 2.7 Representasi dokumen dan vektor pada ruang vektor ...................... 21 Gambar 2.8 Model proses waterfall (Sommerville, 2011) .................................. 26 Gambar 3.1 Use case diagram sistem rekomendasi pencarian buku ................... 32 Gambar 3.2 Ilustrasi sistem rekomendasi pencarian buku ................................... 33 Gambar 3.3 Activity diagram autentifikasi ......................................................... 33 Gambar 3.4 Activity diagram lihat koleksi pustaka ............................................. 34 Gambar 3.5 Activity diagram input data buku .................................................... 34 Gambar 3.6 Activity diagram edit data buku....................................................... 35 Gambar 3.7 Activity diagram hapus data buku ................................................... 36 Gambar 3.8 Activity diagram lihat data admin .................................................... 37 Gambar 3.9 Activity diagram tambah data admin ............................................... 37 Gambar 3.10 Activity diagram edit data admin ................................................... 38 Gambar 3.11 Activity diagram hapus data admin................................................ 38 Gambar 3.12 Activity diagram lihat koleksi pustaka ........................................... 39 Gambar 3.13 Activity diagram pencarian buku ................................................... 39 Gambar 3.14 Activity diagram lihat detail buku.................................................. 40 Gambar 3.15 Activity diagram lihat rekomendasi buku ...................................... 40 Gambar 3.16 Class diagram sistem .................................................................... 41 Gambar 3.17 Sequence diagram autentifikasi user ............................................. 42 xi
Gambar 3.18 Sequence diagram lihat data buku ................................................. 43 Gambar 3.19 Sequence diagram tambah data buku ............................................ 43 Gambar 3.20 Sequence diagram edit data buku .................................................. 44 Gambar 3.21 Sequence diagram hapus data ....................................................... 44 Gambar 3.22 Sequence diagram lihat data admin ............................................... 45 Gambar 3.23 Sequence diagram tambah data admin .......................................... 45 Gambar 3.24 Sequence diagram edit data admin ................................................ 46 Gambar 3.25 Sequence diagram hapus data admin ............................................. 46 Gambar 3.26 Sequence diagram lihat koleksi pustaka - user .............................. 47 Gambar 3.27 Sequence diagram pencarian pustaka ............................................ 47 Gambar 3.28 Sequence diagram lihat detail buku ............................................... 48 Gambar 3.29 Sequence diagram rekomendasi pencarian .................................... 48 Gambar 3.30 ERD sistem ................................................................................... 49 Gambar 3.31 Perancangan antarmuka lihat koleksi pustaka ................................ 50 Gambar 3.32 Perancangan antarmuka pencarian ................................................ 50 Gambar 3.33 Perancangan antarmuka lihat detail buku ...................................... 51 Gambar 3.34 Perancangan antarmuka form login ............................................... 51 Gambar 3.35 Perancangan antarmuka halaman utama admin ............................. 52 Gambar 3.36 Perancangan antarmuka lihat data buku......................................... 52 Gambar 3.37 Perancangan antarmuka tambah data buku .................................... 53 Gambar 3.38 Perancangan antarmuka lihat data admin ....................................... 53 Gambar 3.39 Perancangan antarmuka tambah admin ......................................... 54 Gambar 4.1 Skema database sistem ................................................................... 55 Gambar 4.2 Antarmuka koleksi pustaka ............................................................. 56 Gambar 4.3 Antarmuka rekomendasi pencarian buku ......................................... 57 Gambar 4.4 Form login admin ........................................................................... 57 Gambar 4.5 Antarmuka halaman utama admin ................................................... 58 Gambar 4.6 Antarmuka halaman kelola data koleksi buku ................................. 58 Gambar 4.7 Kode preprocessing ........................................................................ 60 Gambar 4.8 Kode hitung panjang dokumen ........................................................ 61 Gambar 4.9 Kode hitung bobot dan panjang query ............................................. 62
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Gambar 4.10 Kode hitung dot produk dan similaritas ......................................... 63 Gambar 4.11 Alur preprocessing rangkuman ..................................................... 67 Gambar 4.12 Alur proses rekomendasi pencarian. .............................................. 68
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1. Hasil Pengujian Precision and Recall
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