Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega16 Design of LPG Gas Leak Detectors Based on ATMega16 Microcontroller
Disusun Oleh : Yosefin 0822091 Jurusan Teknik Elektro, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Jl.Prof.Drg.Suria Sumantri MPH no.65 Bandung, Indonesia. Email :
[email protected]
ABSTRAK Berita kebakaran sering terdengar sebagai akibat tabung gas LPG meledak, penyebab meledaknya tabung gas ini karena kebocoran pada selang, tabung atau pada regulatornya yang tidak terpasang dengan baik. Pada saat terjadi kebocoran akan tercium gas yang menyengat, gas inilah yang nantinya akan meledak apabila ada percikan api. Pada intinya ledakan dapat dihindarkan apabila terdapat penanganan dini saat gas keluar atau pada saat kebocoran gas terjadi. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah alat untuk mendeteksi kebocoran gas dengan memanfaatkan sensor gas MQ 6. Sistem yang dirancang dilengkapi dengan LCD sebagai informasi konsentrasi gas bocor yang dideteksi sensor. Sistem untuk membuka dan menutup katup pada selang diregulator yaitu dengan menggunakan solenoid valve. Waktu yang dibutuhkan sensor untuk mendeteksi gas bocor mempengaruhi penutupan pada solenoid valve. Sedangkan waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh sensor untuk membaca nilai gas PPM maksimal (10.009 PPM) sampai nilai gas PPM normal (204 PPM) ialah membutuhkan waktu respon rata-rata 300 detik. Kata kunci : Mikrokontroler, Kebocoran gas, Sensor gas MQ6, Solenoid Valve. i
Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Perancangan Alat Pendeteksi Kebocoran Gas LPG Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega 16 Design Of LPG Gas Leak Detectors Based Microcontroller ATMega16
Composed By : Yosefin 0822091 Electrical Engineering, Maranatha Christian University Jl.Prof.Drg.Suria Sumantri MPH no.65 Bandung, Indonesia, Email :
[email protected]
ABSTRACT News fire is often heard as a result of LPG gas cylinders exploded, causing the explosion was due to gas cylinder leak in the hose, tube or the regulator is not installed properly. In the event of a leak will smell a pungent gas, gas that later will explode if a spark. In essence explosion can be avoided if there is early treatment when the gas out or when the gas leak occurred. In this study created a tool to detect gas leaks by utilizing gas sensor MQ 6. Designed system is equipped with a LCD as information leak is detected gas concentration sensor. System to open and close the valve on the hose diregulator is by using a solenoid valve. The time required to detect a gas leak sensor affect the closing solenoid valve. While the time required by the sensor to read the maximum value of gas PPM (10,009 PPM) PPM gas until normal values (204 PPM) is the response takes an average of 300 seconds. Keywords: Microcontroller, gas leak, gas sensor MQ 6, Solenoid Valve.
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DAFTAR ISI Abstrak....................................................................................................................... i Abstract...................................................................................................................... ii Kata Pengantar........................................................................................................... iii Daftar Isi ................................................................................................................... v Daftar Tabel............................................................................................................... viii Daftar Gambar........................................................................................................... ix Daftar Lampiran......................................................................................................... x
BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1. Latar Belakang Masalah……………………………………………………... 1 1.2. Identifikasi Masalah......................................................................................... 1 1.3. Rumusan Masalah............................................................................................ 2 1.4. Tujuan……………………………………………………………………... … 2 1.5. Pembatasan Masalah…………………………………………………………. 2 1.6. Sistematika Penulisan....................................................................................... 3
BAB II LANDASAN TEORI 2.1. LPG................................................................................................................. 4 2.1.1. Gas Propana........................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Gas Butana............................................................................................. 6 2.2. Mikrokontroler AVR ATMega16..................................................................... 6 2.2.1. Mikrokontroler....................................................................................... 7 2.2.2. AVR....................................................................................................... 7 2.2.2.1. AVR ATMega 16 .................................................................... 8 2.3. LCD.................................................................................................................. 12 v
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2.5. LED.................................................................................................................. 15 2.4. Sensor MQ 6..................................................................................................... 15 2.4.1. Prinsip Operasi Sensor MQ 6..........……….................……………….. 17 2.4.2. Spesifikasi Sensor.........................................………...………………... 18 2.5. Solenoid Valve…………………………………..………………………….... 20 2.5.1 Spesifikasi Solenoid Valve.……………………………………………. 21
BAB III PERANCANGAN DAN REALISASI 3.1. Perangkat Lunak................................................................................................. 26 3.1.1 Code Vision AVR………………..………………………………........... 26 3.2. Perangkat Keras.................................................................................................. 29 3.3. Perancangan Sistem Uji Alat............................................................................. 31 3.3.1. Ruang Uji................................................................................................. 31 3.3.2. Selang Regulator...................................................................................... 31 3.3.3. Driver Solenoid Valve.............................................................................. 32
BAB IV DATA PENGAMATAN DAN ANALISA 4.1. Pengujian Parameter - Parameter………………..……………………......….....34 4.1.1. Uji Selektifitas..............................…………………………………...... 34 4.1.2. Uji Sensitifitas ………………………………………………….......… 34 4.1.3. Uji Resolusi.... ………………………………………………….......… 35 4.1.4. Uji Ukur.......... ………………………………………………….......… 35 4.2. Data Pengamatan…………………………………………………………....... 35 4.2.1. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Selektifitas………......……………….......… 35 4.2.2. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Sensitifitas..………………………….......… 36 4.2.3. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Resolusi..... ………………………….......… 37 4.2.4. Pengambilan Sampel Uji Ukur.......... ……………………….….......… 39 4.3. Analisis Data Keseluruhan..................................................................................40 vi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1. Kesimpulan......................................................................................................... 41 2.2. Saran................................................................................................................... 41 DAFTAR PUSTAKA........................................................................................ ..... 43
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Jenis Mikrokontroler AVR……...……,,,,.……………………..................7 Tabel 2.2.1 Fungsi Khusus PORT B .....……………...……………...........................9 Tabel 2.2.2 Fungsi Khusus PORT C...........................................................................10 Tabel 2.2.3 Fungsi Khusus PORT D .....…........………………….............................10 Tabel 2.3 Fungsi Pin-Pin LCD...................................................................................13 Tabel 2.3 Tabel Spesifikasi Sensor.............................................................................18 Tabel 4.1 Uji Selektifitas……………........................................................................35 Tabel 4.2 Uji Sensitifitas............................………………………………………....36 Tabel 4.3 Waktu valve menutup dengan jarak sensor berbeda....….....……….........37 Tabel 4.4 Jumlah PPM maksimum dengan batasan jarak sensor dan waktu............38 Tabel 4.5 Uji Ukur..........................................………………………………….......39 Tabel 4.6 maksimum 10.009 PPM kembali normal 204 PPM..................................40
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DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Konfigurasi Kaki ATMega16 .........…………………...…...…........... 8 Gambar 2.2 LCD...........................................................................……………...…. 12 Gambar 2.3 Tampilan LCD (2X16)................................................................….…. 14 Gambar 2.4 LED........................................................................................................ 15 Gambar 2.5 Sensor MQ 6………........………………………………...……........... 16 Gambar 2.6 Rangkaian MQ 6.......……….....……………………………………... 16 Gambar 2.7 Model of inter-grain potential barrier…....................………………... 17 Gambar 2.8 Sensitivity Characteristik.............................………………………….. 19 Gambar 2.9 Solenoid Valve DC 24V…………………………................................. 20 Gambar 2.10 Rangkaian dalam Solenoid Valve……………………………….….. 22 Gambar 3.1 Diagram Blok Sistem.......................………………………………….. 23 Gambar 3.2 Flow Chart Program...........………..……………………………….… 25 Gambar 3.3 Sensitivity Characteristik MQ 6….......………………………………. 27 Gambar 3.4 Rangkaian Skematik Alat Ukur Konsentrasi LPG Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATMega16.........…………......……………………... 30 Gambar 3.5 Ruang Uji.......………………….……………………………………... 31 Gambar 3.6 Selang LPG...............................……………………..………..………. 31 Gambar 3.7 Driver Solenoid Valve..............……………………..………..………. 33
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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN LAMPIRAN A PROGRAM CODE VISION AVR...........................................................................A-1 LAMPIRAN B TAMPILAN PERANCANGAN ALAT PENDETEKSI KEBOCORAN GAS BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 16...................................................B-1
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