NYOMATÉKOSÍTÓK (Intensifiers) SO SO + MELLÉKNÉV = olyan …, annyira … ►A melléknév önmagában áll, nem követi főnév! pl. She is so clever. (Annyira okos!) The tea is so sweet! (A tea olyan édes!) SO + HATÁROZÓSZÓ = olyan …, annyira … ►A határozószó önmagában áll! pl. Ann gets up so late! (Ann olyan későn szokott felkelni!) He spoke to me so arrogantly! (Annyira arrogánsan beszélt velem!) SO + MELLÉKNÉV + (THAT …) = olyan … (melléknév), hogy … ►A melléknév önmagában áll, nem követi főnév! pl. It was so warm that we decided to go to the beach. (Olyan meleg volt, hogy elhatároztuk, hogy strandra megyünk.) They were so clever that they passed all their exams. (Olyan okosak voltak, hogy minden vizsgájukon átmentek.) SO + MELLÉKNÉV + A + FŐNÉV = ennyire .., ilyen … ►A melléknevet főnév követi határozatlan névelővel ► A határozatlan névelőt mindenképpen használni kell, attól függetlenül, hogy a főnév megszámlálható vagy megszámlálhatatlan! ► Többes számú főnevekkel nem használható! pl. I’ve never met so clever a girl. (Még soha nem találkoztam ilyen okos lánnyal.) We’ve never drunk so fine a tea. (Még soha nem ittunk ilyen finom teát.) SO + MANY/MUCH, SO + FEW/LITTLE = olyan sok / olyan kevés …; annyi … pl. There were so many people at the concert! (Olyan sok ember volt a koncerten!) There was so much tea in the cup that I wasn’t able to drink it. (Olyan sok tea volt a csészében, hogy nem tudtam meginni.) There were so few students in the room! (Olyan kevés diák volt a teremben!) They gave me so little money! (Olyan kevés pénzt adtak nekem!) Mj.: A ’many’ és ’few’ után többes számú, megszámlálható főnév áll, és az ige többes számú! A ’much’ és ’little’ után egyes számú, megszámlálhatatlan főnév áll, és az ige egyes számú!
Kifejezés: SO LONG = olyan sokáig / olyan régóta / Viszlát! pl. I haven’t been to the cinema for so long! (Olyan régóta nem voltam moziban!) So long! See you next month. (Viszlát! Találkozunk a jövő hónapban.) Kifejezés: SO FAR = (egészen) eddig / nagyon messze / olyan messze pl. I haven’t known the village so far. (Nem ismertem a falut eddig.) The village was so far! (A falu olyan messze volt!)
SUCH SUCH (A) + MELLÉKNÉV + FŐNÉV = olyan …, annyira … ► A melléknevet mindenképpen követi egy főnév! ► Ha a főnév megszámlálható és egyes számú, használni kell a határozatlan névelőt, ha viszont a főnév megszámlálhatatlan vagy többes számú, nincs határozatlan névelő! pl. She is such a clever girl! (Olyan okos lány ő!) They are such clever children! (Olyan okos gyerekek ők!) We drank such sweet tea! (Olyan édes teát ittunk!) SUCH + A + MELLÉKNÉV + FŐNÉV = ennyire …, ilyen … ► A melléknevet mindenképpen követi egy főnév! ► A határozatlan névelőt mindenképpen használni kell, attól függetlenül, hogy a főnév megszámlálható vagy megszámlálhatatlan! ► Nem használható többes számú főnevekkel. pl. I’ve never met is such a clever girl! (Soha nem találkoztam még ennyire okos lánnyal!) We’ve never drunk such a fine tea. (Soha nem ittunk még ilyen finom teát.) SUCH (A) + MELLÉKNÉV + FŐNÉV + (THAT …) = olyan … (melléknév + főnév), hogy … ► A melléknevet mindenképpen követi egy főnév! ► Ha a főnév megszámlálható és egyes számú, használni kell a határozatlan névelőt, ha viszont a főnév megszámlálhatatlan vagy többes számú, nincs határozatlan névelő! pl. It was such a warm day that we decided to go to the beach. (Olyan meleg nap volt, hogy elhatároztuk, hogy strandra megyünk.) They were such clever children that they passed all their exams. (Olyan okos gyerekek voltak, hogy minden vizsgájukon átmentek.) SUCH + A + FŐNÉV = micsoda (egy) (bámulatos, nagyszerű) … ► A főnév önmagában áll! ► A határozatlan névelőt mindenképpen használni kell, attól függetlenül, hogy a főnév megszámlálható vagy megszámlálhatatlan! ► Nem használható többes számú főnevekkel.
pl. She is such a girl! (Micsoda egy lány ő!) It was such a tea! (Micsoda tea volt az!) SUCH + A LOT OF … = olyan sok …; annyi … pl. There were such a lot of people at the concert! (Olyan sok ember volt a koncerten!)) There was such a lot of tea in the cup that I wasn’t able to drink it. (Olyan sok tea volt a csészében, hogy nem tudtam meginni.) Kifejezés: SUCH A LONG TIME = olyan/nagyon régóta pl. I haven’t been to the cinema for such a long time. (Nagyon régóta nem voltam moziban.) Kifejezés: SUCH A LONG WAY = olyan/nagyon messze pl. The village was such a long way. (A falu nagyon messze volt.)
ÖSSZEFOGLALVA: SO olyan/annyira + mellénév/határozószó pl. Olyan okos! Olyan okosan beszél!
olyan/annyira + mellénév + főnév
SO + melléknév She is so clever! She speaks so cleverly!
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pl. Olyan okos lány (ő)!
olyan + melléknév +hogy… pl. Olyan okos volt, hogy minden vizsgáján átment.
olyan + melléknév + főnév + hogy… pl. Olyan okos lány volt, hogy minden vizsgáján átment.
ennyire/ilyen + melléknév + főnév
pl. Olyan sok ember volt a koncerten! Annyi tea volt a csészében, hogy nem tudtam meginni.
olyan/nagyon kevés … pl. Olyan kevés ember volt a koncerten! Olyan kevés tea volt a csészében,
-------------SUCH (A) + melléknév + főnév She is such a clever girl!
SO + melléknév + that … She was so clever that she passed all her exams.
-------------SO + melléknév + A + főnév
pl. Még soha nem találkoztam ilyen I’ve never met so clever a girl. okos lánnyal.
olyan/nagyon sok … / annyi …
SUCH
SO MANY/MUCH … There were so many people at the concert! There was so much tea in the cup that I wasn’t able to drink it.
-------------SUCH (A) + melléknév + főnév + that … She was such a clever girl that she passed all her exams.
SUCH + A + melléknév + főnév I’ve never met such a clever girl.
SUCH A LOT OF … There were such a lot of people at the concert. There was such a lot of tea in the cup that I wasn’t able to drink it.
SO FEW/LITTLE … There were so few people at the concert! There was so little tea in the cup
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hogy alig láttam.
that I could hardly see it.
micsoda (egy) (bámulatos, nagyszerű) …
SUCH + A + főnév --------------
She is such a girl!
pl. Micsoda lány!
SO LONG olyan sokáig / olyan régóta I haven’t been to the cinema for so nem / olyan régen pl. Olyan régen voltam moziban!
Viszlát! pl. Viszlát! Találkozunk a jövő hónapban.
(egészen) eddig pl. Eddig nem ismertem a falut.
nagyon messze / olyan messze pl. Olyan messze volt a falu!
--------------
long!
SO LONG So long! See you next month.
SO FAR I haven’t known the village so far.
SO FAR The village was so far!
--------------------------SUCH A LONG WAY The village was such a long way!
1) Complete the sentences with such or so. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Tim was ______ sad that he started to cry. Linda is _______ a vain girl. She´s always looking at herself in the mirror. The boy was _____ scared that he ran away quickly and didn’t stop till he got home. I have never met _________ a hardworking boy as Tom. He really studies very hard. His teeth were _______ white that they shone in the dark. I had never seen ______ white teeth. 6. The girl is _______ short that she can´t reach the book that’s on top of the shelf. 7. It was ________ a long time since they went to the cinema that they enjoyed the film more than ever. 8. Betty was _____ hungry she ate all the jam in the jar. Later she had stomach-ache. 9. It was ____ a hot day that Sue spent all the afternoon at the beach.. 10. There were ____ many books in Larry’s school bag that he could hardly lift it. 11. Paula is ____ an eager reader that she often reads a whole book in only three days. 12. Alice was ____ happy she jumped of joy. Her mother had just told her they were going to the zoo. 13. Bill is ____ a clumsy boy that he is always falling off his bike. He has broken his leg twice this year. 14. Linda had never drunk _______ much water as she did yesterday. She was _____ thirsty! 15. The exercise was _____ difficult that it took Sheila one hour to finish it. 16. It was _____ an expensive dress that she decided not to buy it in the end. 17. Adrian is _____ a kind boy! He is always ready to help. 18. The castle was _____ far that they arrived much later that they had expected. 2) Read the sentences and choose the correct answer. 1. James has got such / so big feet. 2. Pamela has got such a / so a / so many dolls in her room. 3. They have such a / so beautiful daughter. 4. The orange is such / so sour it is impossible to eat. 5. Tim has got such a / so a / so handsome face but such a / so bad temper. 3) Ann and Jane are talking about their favourite singer. Complete the dialogue with so, such, or such a/an. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
I think he has got __________ lovely smile. And his eyes are __________ beautiful. He has got __________ lovely hair. Yes, and __________ cute eyes. And the way he is on stage – he is ________ sexy. What about his face? He has __________ charming face! And his hands?! He`s got __________ wonderful hands. And __________ incredible voice! Yes, he is __________ incredible man.
4) Fill in the spaces with so, such or such a/an. 1. 2. 3. 4.
She is _____funny! She always makes me laugh. Sarah and Ed are _____crazy people! I never know what they are going to do next. James has _____much money that he could actually buy that Ferrari. Although most of the audience had never been exposed to _____music, they thoroughly enjoyed the performance of the Tibetan folk choir. 5. The movie was _____good that I saw it five times. 6. Terry speaks English _____fluently that I thought he was American. 7. Most students never discuss ______topics in class, but I think it is important to teach our children to question the media. 8. Jerry had never seen _____high mountains. He thought they were spectacular. 9. Fred is _____a clown! He is always telling jokes and making people laugh. 10. There was ______little interest in his talk on macroeconomics that the room was half empty by the time he stopped speaking. 11. How could you say ______horrible things to me? 12. He is ______a jerk! He hasn't said one nice thing since he started working here. 13. That new song is ______cool that it hit the top ten within a week of being released. 14. Martha is ______a good cook that she is writing her own book of family recipes. 15. I don't know if that is ______a good idea. Maybe we should try something else. 16. She has ______many hats that she needs two closets to store them all. 17. That takes ______little time and effort that you might as well do it yourself. 18. I had to pay $140 for books for my new Spanish class. I don't know why my professor has to choose ______expensive books for her course. 19. Please, don't drive ______fast! I'm terrified we're going to have an accident. 20. I really wish you wouldn't smoke ______much! It's destroying your health. 5) Choose the correct answer. 1. She is ________ girl! such clever such a clever so a clever so clever 2. It was _________ last night that I couldn't sleep. such a hot such hot so a hot so hot 3. $500 a night for a hotel? That's ________! such expensive so expensive such an expensive so an expensive 4. He was _________, he could run 5 miles in 30 minutes. so fast runner such fast runner so a fast runner such a fast runner 5. The train was ________, it went from Shanghai to Beijing in only 10 hours. so fast such a fast such fast a so fast 6. The ocean in Los Angeles is usually ________. such cold so cold such a cold cold so 7. I can't believe that John stole that woman's purse. He was always ________. so good boy such good boy such a good boy a such good boy
8. This restaurant has _________ of food, that it's hard to decide what to order. such selection a so selection such a selection so selection 9. How could you say ________ to your mother? so awful thing such an awful thing such awful thing a so awful thing 10. She's _______ gorgeous girl! so a such so such a 6) Complete the sentences with such or so. 1 - It was ....... a lovely day! 2 - There was ..... a lot of trouble that the police were called. 3 - I've never seen ..... many people at a concert! 4 - I've never seen ...... a dirty kitchen! 5 - It's ..... expensive! 6 - It took ..... much time to do! 7 - She works ...... quickly! 8 - It looks ...... nice! 9 - The film was ...... dull that we left halfway through. 10 - The car is ..... uneconomical! 11 - She's ...... a kind person! 12 - I told him not to be .... stubborn. 13 - They tried ...... hard, but still didn't succeed. 14 - Don't be .... silly! 15 - I didn't know that it was ...... a long way from my house! 16 - She's ..... cool! 17 - Nobody thought that he would be ..... a good president. 18 - I wasn't expecting ...... many people to be there. 19 - They did it ..... well! 20 - .... far so good. 22 - They told him not to be ..... an idiot. 23 - It cost ...... a lot of money! 24 - He's ....... an unfriendly guy! 25 - It's ..... hot in that club! 26 - I've never eaten ....... dreadful food! 27 - The book was ..... interesting that I didn't go to bed until I had finished it. 28 - There was ..... much smoke in the room that I could hardly breathe. 29 - They went to bed at eight o'clock because they were ...... tired. 30 - It was ....... an interesting book that I couldn't sleep until I had finished it 31 - That's ..... like him! 32 - He was looking ..... ill that they sent him home. 33 - He walks ..... slowly! 34 - The food was .... bad that we had to complain. 35 - Everything happened ....... quickly. 36 - It was ..... cold that our hands went blue. 37 - Don't be ....... an idiot! 38 - It takes ...... patience to learn to play chess properly. 39 - You have to be ...... patient to be a nurse.
40 - Everything costs ...... a lot of money nowadays! 41 - I didn't think you'd be able to finish it ...... soon. 42 - We had ..... many problems that we decided it would be better to leave it. 43 - It is the first time I've had ........ bad flu since I was a child. 44 - It's ...... a long way out of town that noone visits him anymore. 7) Transform the sentences using so or such (a/an) and some other words. 1. There were a lot of clouds in the sky. I couldn't see much. There were _______________ in the sky that I couldn't see much. 2. It was a cloudy night. I couldn't see much. It was _______________ that I couldn't see much. 3. Meteor particles are small. They burn up before they reach earth. The particles are _______________ that they burn up before they reach earth. 4. The meteor storm is a big threat to satellites. They are being moved out of the way. The meteor storm is _______________ to satellites that they are being moved out of the way. 5. Meteor particles move fast. They become bullets in space. Meteor particles move _______________ that they become bullets in space. 6. This meteor shower is a rare occurrence. It only comes every 33 years. This meteor shower is _______________ that it only comes every 33 years. 7. The comet has a large wake. It passes through the earth's upper atmosphere. The comet has _______________ that it passes through the earth's upper atmosphere. 8. Shooting stars appear frequently. You can see two or three a minute. Shooting stars appear _______________ that you can see two or three a minute. 9. Scientists consider this a unique opportunity. They are flying in aircrafts to study it. Scientists consider this _______________ that they are flying in aircrafts to study it. 10. These observations will reveal important information. Scientists will be studying results for years. These observations will reveal _______________ that scientists will be studying results for years.
KEY: 1) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
so such so such so ; such
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
so such so such so
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
such so such so ; so so
2) 1. such 2. so
3. such a 4. so
5. such a ; such a
3) 1. such a 2. so 3. such
4. 5. 6.
such so such a
7. 8. 9.
such such an such an
4) 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6. 7. 8. 9. 10.
so such such such such
11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
such such so such such
so such so such so
16. such 17. such 18. so
16. 17. 18. 19. 20.
so so such so so
5) 1. such a clever 2. so hot 3. so expensive
4. such a fast runner 5. so fast 6. so cold
7. such a good boy 8. such a selection 9. such an awful
thing 10. such a
6) 1 - such a 2 - such 3 - so 4 - such 5 - so 6 - so 7 - so 8 - so 9 - so 10 - so 11 - such
12 - so 13 - so 14 - so 15 - such 16 - so 17 - such 18 - so 19 - so 20 – so 22 - such 23 - such
24 - such 25 - so 26 - such 27 - so 28 - so 29 - so 30 - such 31 - so 32 - so 33 - so 34 - so
35 - so 36 - so 37 - such 38 - such 39 - so 40 - such 41 - so 42 - so 43 - such 44 - such
7) 1. There were so many clouds (vagy: such a lot of clouds) in the sky that I couldn't see much. 2. It was so cloudy (vagy: such a cloudy night) that I couldn't see much. 3. The particles are so small that they burn up before they reach earth. 4. The meteor storm is such a big threat (vagy: so threatening) to satellites that they are being moved out of the way. 5. Meteor particles move so fast that they become bullets in space. 6. This meteor shower is such a rare occurrence that it only comes every 33 years. 7. The comet has such a large wake that it passes through the earth's upper atmosphere. 8. Shooting stars appear so frequently that you can see two or three a minute. 9. Scientists consider this such a unique opportunity that they are flying in aircrafts to study it. 10. These observations will reveal such important information that scientists will be studying results for years.
