Nano%Technologie%in%Civil%Engineering% Prague'Friday'March'1st'

Nano%Technologie%in%Civil%Engineering% Prague'Friday'March'1st'

Presented%by%:% 2  Ing.'Jindřich'Bareš' ''''CTO'PowerCem'Czech'Republic' 2  ir.'ing.'Christophe'Egyed' ''''CTO'PowerCem'Technologies'

2  Content' 2  IntroducFon' 2  I'Projects' 2  II'ConstrucFon'of'projects' 2  III'Recycled'asphalt' 2  IV'Design'of'Roads'with'RoadCem' 2  V'Design'of'Airports'with'RoadCem'

PowerCem

RoadCem Úvod do semináře

Program prezentace 1. Představení společnosti 2. RoadCem - teorie 3. RoadCem - praxe 4. RoadCem - reference

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1. Představení společnosti

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1. Představení společnosti Vedení společnosti

Moerdijk, Nizozemsko

5/46

1. Představení společnosti •  Mateřská pobočka vyvíjí materiály téměř 20 let •  PowerCem produkty jsou celosvětově patentované •  Celosvětově zakládány pobočky, které jsou průběžně podporovány z Nizozemska •  Realizováno přes 1000 projektů s RoadCemem

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1. Představení společnosti •  Veškeré produkty PowerCem nejsou zdraví škodlivé (je vystaven bezpečnostní list) •  RoadCem je jemnozrnný práškovitý materiál s širokým uplatněním

8/46

2. RoadCem - teorie

10/46

2. RoadCem - teorie •  Je a není to stabilizace •  Zásadní je, KAM se používá •  Principiálně ano, použitím ne Běžné stabilizace vápnem nebo cementem do podloží. RoadCem nahrazuje konstrukční vrstvy!

11/46

2. RoadCem - teorie •  Oproti stabilizacím výrazně vyšší množství cementu + RoadCem

•  Směs získává vysokou pevnost v tlaku a zároveň vynikající pružnostní charakteristiky. 12/46

2. RoadCem - teorie H2O' Obvykle se kolem středu částice vytváří „gel“, který zamezí další hydrataci a částice nereaguje celá

H2O' Voda proniká do částice cementu H2O'

H2O' H2O'

H2O'

H2O'+' RoadCem'

H2O'+' RoadCem' H2O' H2O'

RoadCem umožňuje celé cementové H2O'+' částice reagovat

RoadCem'

H2O'+' RoadCem' 13/46

How does the technology works

2. RoadCem - teorie •  RoadCem modifikuje hydrataci cementu •  Vzniká struktura z dlouze jehlovitých vzájemně propletených krystalů, •  Cementová vazba je výrazně silnější, reagují téměř celé částice cementu 14/46

2. RoadCem - teorie •  Možnost použití nejrůznějších místních materiálů (jíly, písky, rašelina (!) …) •  Odbourání většiny zemních prací spojených s odvozem doposud nevhodných a dovozem vhodných materiálů •  Efektivní použití asfaltu (velmi podobné pružnostní charakteristiky „spolupůsobí“) nebo alternativní obrusné vrstvy •  ve většině případů omezení nebo vypuštění podpovrchového odvodnění (tepelně izolační charakteristiky, přenos mrazových pohybů bez vzniku trhlin)

15/46

2. RoadCem - teorie

Zejména díky omezení odvozu a dovozu materiálu činí úspora oproti klasické technologii

10 – 40 % (podle plochy stavby) Další úspory se projevují v průběhu životnosti konstrukce 18/46

3. RoadCem - praxe

19/46

3.RoadCem - praxe Postup návrhu: •  Zjištění parametrů budoucího dopravního zatížení, druhu zeminy dle IGP •  Odběr vzorků zeminy, laboratorní stanovení receptury na základě testovaných parametrů •  Výpočet počítačovým programem na základě zjištěných parametrů zeminy, očekávaného zatížení, požadované životnosti… •  Výpočet probíhá přes moduly pružnosti 20/46

3.RoadCem - praxe Stanovuje se: •  tloušťka „stabilizované“ vrstvy (od 20 do cca. 45 cm) •  Receptura - množství cementu a RoadCemu (160/1,6 – 240/2,4 kg/m3)

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3.RoadCem - praxe

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3.RoadCem - praxe Specifika realizace: •  Desku není třeba dilatovat •  Obrubníky se osazují dodatečně •  Šachty apod. se zaměří, sníží, zakryjí, „přejedou“ a dodatečně odkryjí a finálně upraví •  Odvodnění jen tam, kde hrozí zdvih celé konstrukce vztlakem nebo je zemina vysoce kapilární a hladina podzemní vody blízko povrchu 30/46

4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: Jílové u Prahy

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4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: Horní Brusnice u Nové Paky

Jílovitá zemina, velké množství šachet

Jílovitá zemina, lokální prameniště (podhorská svahová louka)

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4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: Horní Brusnice u Nové Paky

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4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: Kladno, Dubí

Stísněné podmínky, velké množství vody

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4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: Kladno, Dubí

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4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – Česká republika: České Velenice

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Závěr

Děkuji za pozornost.

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Kontakty

Ke Statku 71 Jílové u Prahy Remko Herremans

Ing. Jindřich Bareš

René Skala

[email protected]

[email protected]

[email protected]

724 805 724,

602 349 520

724 753 233

241 950 091

241 950 091 46/46

Rekonstrukce% ulice%Na%Vyhlídce%% Kamenice%%

FREKOMOS,'s.r.o.' Železničního'vojska'1381' 757'01'Valašské'Meziříčí' www.frekomos.cz'

Ke'Statku'71' 25401' Jilove'u'Prahy' www.powercem.cz'

1. Content 1.  General'

9.

2.  PreparaFons'

10. Compacting

3.  Measuring'heights'

11. Leveling

4.  Rough'leveling'

12. Curing

5.  Se_ng'profiles,'leveling'

13. Surface

6.  Pre'compacFon'with'suitable'roller'at'MPD' 7.  Spreading'RoadCem'and'mixing' 8.  Spreading'cement/binder'and'mixing'

General

Adding water and mixing

1. Film Animation Process

General

2. Preparations Preparation is everything!!! •  Checking design •  Roadblocks must be placed •  Permits if required •  Products must be on site •  Equipment •  Lightning for working at night •  Materials General

3. Measuring heights

Construction steps

3. Measuring heights Measuring'heights'and'set'up'profiles'

Equipment:' •  Laser'(to'level'height)' •  Bulldozer'(to'move'the'soil)' If'necessary:' •  Hydraulic'excavator'for'heavy'earth'works' •  Trucks'to'import'or'export'granular'material' Materials:' •  Wooden'piles''

Construction steps


Tips' •  Make'sure'that'the'granular'material'is'the'same'as'tested'in'the'laboratory'and' the'design.' •  For'exisFng'roads,'the'exisFng'levels'can'be'followed.'' •  Take'care'that'the'level'of'the'new'RoadCem'road'is'fi_ng'to'the'exisFng' intersecFon'roads,'gujers'and'manholes.''

Note:' ConstrucFon'works'can'lead'to'a'few'cm'extra'height'' due'to'added'material'which'has'to'be'leveled'at'' appropriate'height'' Construction steps


Tips' • 

If'there'are'local'deformaFons'use'the'same'granular'material.'

• 

If'you'are'building'a'new'road,'put'the'gujers'and'curbs'aler'the'stabilizaFon' is'finished.''

Construction steps


Tips' ConstrucFon'aspects'embankments:' • 

Pay'ajenFon'to'sejling'behavior'during'excavaFon' and'reconstrucFon'

• 

Construct'the'road'on''the'excavated'locaFon,' especially'in'weak'soils.'

• 

Topping'up'the'road'is'not'advisable'''

Construction steps

4. Rough leveling

Construction steps

4. Rough leveling Earth'movement'works'and'rough'leveling'

Equipment:' •  Grader,'ripping'the'soil.' •  Sieve,'to'remove'the'big'stones' •  Excavator,'for'earth'moving'works'in'order'to'balance' the'soil'' •  Trucks,'moving'granular'material'

Construction steps

4. Rough leveling

Tips' Pay'ajenFon'when'you'excavate!!' When'there'are'big'stones'(>'80'mm),'the' following'acFons'can'be'taken:' •  Remove'stones'>80mm'' •  Place'an'extra'layer,'like'sand'and'clay,'on'the'stone' layer' •  Crush'the'stones'if'possible'with'crusher'to'finer' material'' Construction steps

5. Setting profiles and leveling

Construction steps

5. Setting profiles and leveling Equipment:' •  Grader'(Laser'remote),'se_ng'up'profiles' •  Excavator,'to'make'canalizaFons'during'rainfall' •  Laser'(theodolite,'geo'measurement)'

Construction steps


Tips' During'the'construcFon:' • 

Make'the'road'under'angle'of'2,5%''

• 

Make'sure'that'the'water'floods'over'the'stabilizaFon' into'the'shoulders'or'drainage'system.''

• 

Set'up'profile'minus'3'cm'due'to'addiFonal'materials'

Construction steps


Tips' • 

sand.'

1 2 3 4

Add'water'to'achieve'OMC'at'non2cohesive'soils'like'

when'working'with'the'grader.' • 

Go'first'with'grader'from'the'side'to'the'middle' (1,2,3,4,)'

• 

Than'compacFng'

• 

Next'by'grader'from'the'middle'to'the'sides'again' (2,1,4,3,)' Construction steps

6. Pre compaction

Construction steps

6. Pre compaction Pre'compacFon'with'suitable'roller'

Equipment:' Compactor:' 2 

Sheep'foot'compactor'(cohesive'soils)'

2 

StaFc'and'dynamic'compactor.'

Construction steps

6. Pre compaction

Tips' • 

Start'compacFon'with'dynamic'compacFon'(sand'and'gravel)'and'end'with'staFc' compacFon.'

• 

The'weight'and'frequency'of'the'compactor'is'prescribed'in'the'table'on'the'next' sheet.'

Construction steps

6. Pre compaction

Construction steps

6. Pre compaction

Construction steps

7. Spreading and mixing RoadCem

Construction steps

7. Spreading and mixing RoadCem By'hand:' •  Piles'and'marking'lines'to'make'sure'that'the'right' amount'is'well'spread.'

Equipment:' Mechanic' •  Mechanical'spreader'(check'dose'while'spreading)' Mixing'(In'situ)' •  Rotovator'(Wirtgen)' •  CulFvator'' •  Grader' •  Frees'or'suitable'mixer' Construction steps


Tips' •  Spread'the'RoadCem'equal'close'to'the'ground' •  If'there'is'wind,'make'the'surface'a'lijle'bit'wet'so'that' the'RoadCem'powder'sFcks'to'the'floor' •  If'there'are'areas'were'it'is'not'easily'to'mix'and' compact,'use'some'extra'RoadCem'

Construction steps


Tips' 2/3*h 1/3*h

•  It'is'not'allowed'to'drive'over'the'RoadCem'when' applied'on'the'surface' •  Bring'in'extra'RoadCem'at'the'beginning'and'at'the'end' of'the'area' •  Mix'the'RoadCem'into'2/3'of'the'designed'thickness'

Note:' First'RoadCem'next'Cement'this'to'prevent:' Lumps,'dust'and'a'shorter'Fmeframe'between'applying'the' cement'and'compacFon.' Construction steps


Tips' •  When'the'RoadCem'is'mixed'in'the'soil,'the'layer'must'be'compacted'staFc'in' case'it'takes'a'few'hours'to'bring'in'the'cement.' •  When'the'construcFon2works'must'stop'due'to'heavy'rain,'the'same'procedure' must'be'followed,'so'the'water'can'flood'of.'

Construction steps

8. Spreading and mixing cement

Construction steps

8. Spreading and mixing cement Spreading'and'mixing'cement'and/or'binder' •  By'hand'

Equipment:' Mechanic' •  Mechanical'spreader'(check'dose'while'spreading)' Mixing'(In'situ)' •  Rotovator'(Wirtgen)' •  CulFvator'' •  Grader' •  Frees'or'suitable'mixer' Construction steps

8. Spreading and mixing cement

Tips' h

•  During'the'cement'mixing'it'is'important'that'there'is' no'heavy'rain' •  Keep'a'good'quality'control'and'make'sure'that'the' right'amount'will'be'used.'' •  During'mixing'the'mixer'has'to'move'slowly' •  Bring'in'the'cement'at'the'calculated'thickness.' •  By'cohesive'soils'the'water'has'to'be'added'aler'the' cement'has'mixed'in'the'soil'

Construction steps

9. Adding water and mixing

Construction steps

9. Adding water and mixing Equipment:' •  Water'truck' •  Any'kind'of'water'can'be'used,'even'salt'water' •  Mixing'with'the'appropriate'rotovater'

Tips' • 

Bring'in'the'right'amount'of'water'to'achieve'MPD'

• 

Try'in'the'beginning'of'the'execuFon'the'doses'that' you'want'to'bring'in.' Construction steps

10. Compaction

Construction steps

10. Compaction Equipment:' •  StaFc'/'dynamic'compactor'

Tips' •  StaFc,'dynamic'compacFon' •  The'weight'of'the'compactors'is'given'in'the'next'sheet.' The'type'of'compactor'depends'of'the'type'of'material.' •  The'compactor'must'be'able'to'compact''the'tracks'of' the'mixer.' •  CompacFon'must'start'immediately'aler'the'cement'is' mixed'in'the'soil.'Within'4'hours'aler'mixing'everything' must'be'compacted.' Construction steps

10. Compaction

Construction steps

11. Leveling

Construction steps

11. Leveling Equipment:' •  Laser'remote'Grader'(se_ng'up'profile)' •  Compactor'staFc,'dynamic' •  Tire'compactor'

Construction steps

11. Leveling

Tips' •  Add'water.' 1 2 3 4

•  Aler'the'grader'has'past''the'compactor'follows.' •  Process'modus'from'the'side'to'the'middle'(1,2,3,4)' •  Next''from'the'middle'to'the'sides'(2,1,4,3)' •  Use'a'Fre'compactor'if'necessary'and'finish'with'a' suitable'steel'sheet'roller.'

Construction steps

12. Curing

Construction steps

12. Curing Equipment:' •  Water'truck'

Tips' •  Water'is'needed'to'make'sure'that'the'crystalline' structure'can'be'formed.' •  Apply'as'much'as'water'as'needed'(any'kind'of'water).' Make'sure'that'during'the'first'24'hours'the'surface'is' kept'wet.' Construction steps

13. Surface

Construction steps

13. Surface

Surface'finishing' 1.  2.  3.  4. 

Bitumen'' Concrete'' GrouFng' ARC'

Construction steps

13.1 Bitumen

Tips' •  Use'a'steel'brush,'to'clean'the'surface'of'the' stabilizaFon' •  Bring'on'a'sFcky'layer' •  Bring'on'the'asphalt'conform'normal'procedures.' •  By'bringing'on'the'asphalt'the'regular'procedure'must' be'followed'!'

Construction steps

13.2 Concrete

Tips' • 

Use'a'steel'brush,'to'clean'the'surface'of'the' stabilizaFon'

• 

Bring'on'a'sFcky'layer'

• 

Bring'on'the'concrete'according'normal'procedures.'

• 

By'bringing'on'the'Concrete'the'regular'procedure' must'be'followed'!'

Construction steps

13.4 ARC

Tips' •  Use'a'steel'brush,'to'clean'the'surface'of'the' stabilizaFon' •  Bring'on'a'sFcky'layer' •  Bring'on'the'concrete'according'normal'procedures.' •  By'bringing'on'the'Concrete'keep'in'mind'the'weight'of'''' the'equipment'on'the'pavement!'

Construction steps

Part%III%Construc@on%with%recycled% asphalt%

ConstrucFon'with'recycled'asphalt'

Without'RoadCem' With'3,5%'RoadCem' Demand'

Without'RoadCem' With'3,5%' RoadCem' Demand'

ITS'

Compressive' strength'

Mpa'

Mpa'

ITS' Compressive'strength' Mpa' Mpa' 0,29' 6,4' 0,66' 9,5' 0,15' 1,57'

0,29'

6,4'

0,66'

9,5'

0,15'

1,57'


Design'of'Roads'with'RoadCem'

Design'of'Roads'with'RoadCem'










4. RoadCem - reference Realizované projekty – zahraničí: Rusko, Petrohrad

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Part%IV%Design%of%Roads% General

1. Content 1. 'General' 2.  Traffic' 3.  Soil' 4.  Surface'layer'

General

2. Traffic

2. Traffic Characteris@cs%that%influence%the%thickness% of%the%pavement:% 1.1'RepeFFon'of'standard'axle'loads' 1.2'Load'and'Fre'pressure' 1.3'Axle'configuraFon'' 1.4'Width'of'the'road' 1.5'Number'of'lanes' 1.6'Speed' 1.7'CalculaFon'Neq'

Design characteristics 1

2. Traffic properties business cart Mexico'City'

Highway' Number'of'trucks: Standard'axle'load: Type'of'surface'material: Width: ' Lifespan: '


'3*10^8' '100'kN' 'Asphalt' '3.5'm' '20'years'

2.1 Repetition of axle load Intensity?' Number'of'trucks,'heavy'loaded,'light'loaded'trucks,' and'cars.'Per'day,'per'direcFon,'per'lane!' How'many'trucks'(%)'are'there'driving'on'a'highway?'

9%' What'is'the'average'amount'of'axles?'

4' What'is'the'truck'damage'factor?''

2'for'heavy,'1,4'for'light'='(damage'factor'TDF)' Design characteristics 1

2.1 Repetition of axle load 1'Car'+'1'truck'='1,5'truck?'

NO' ΣNeq(100'kN)'='ai*(Pi/100)4'+'aj*(Pj/100)4' ΣNeq(100'kN)'='ai*(Pi/100)3'+'aj*(Pj/100)3' ai'='number'of'cars,'Pi='axle'load'car' aj'='number'of'trucks,'Pj,'axle'load'trucks' 4'='Flexural'material,'asphalt''' 3'='Brijle'material,'Concrete'blocks'' Design characteristics 1

2.2 Wheel load and tire pressure Wheel'load'

" "σ = Tire'pressure'

F

'(N)'

A

'(MM)'

Tension'(N/mm2'='MPa)'=10xkg/cm2)' Design characteristics 1

"

2.2 Wheel load and tire pressure Tire'pressure'/'weight'


2.2 Wheel load Wheel%Load%% (kN)% Car'

5'

Heavy'loaded' truck''

50'

Reach'stacker''

206'

Airplane'A380'' (TO)'

280'

Airplane'A380''' (AR)''

194'

F16'

50' Design characteristics 1

How'heavy'is'heavy?'

2.3 Axle configuration The'distance'between'the'wheels'is'very'important'for' the'stresses'and'strains'that'will'occur'in'the' construcFon.'Stresses'and'strains'in'the'construcFon' are'also'determining'the'lifeFme.''


2.3 Axle configuration

Α"

δ"

Α"

Α"

δ"

4 δ = Extra surface

δ"

Α"

δ"

σ = F/(A+2δ)


2"

2.4 Width of the pavement What'is'the'width'of'a'road?' Depending'of'the'kind'of'road:' 2  Highway'3,6'm'' 2  Provincial'road'3'm.'' Lane%width%

Fs%

<'3,00'm''

1,14'

3,00'–'3,50'm'

1,07'

>'3,50'm'

1,00'


2.5 Number of lanes Number%of%lanes%

Fr%

One'lane/special'lane''

1,00'

Two'lanes'

0,95'

Three'lanes'or'more'

0,90'

How'many'of'the'trucks'are'driving'on'the' right'lane'in'Holland?''

90%' Which'lane'is'most'heavily'used?''

Right'


2.6 Effect of the speed Number%of%lanes%

Fr%

20'km/h'

1,76'

40'km/h'

1,33'

60'km/h'

1,12'

80'km/h'

1,00'


2.7 Calculation Neq

Neq V W Fs Fv Fr Dv G L

'= '= '= '= '= '= '= '= '='

'Total'amount'standard'axle'load'repeFFons.'' 'Amount'of'trucks'per'24'hours.' 'Amount'of'work'days'per'year.' 'CorrecFon'factor'for'the'amount'of'driving'lanes'per'year.' 'CorrecFon'factor'for'the'driving'lane'width.' 'Speed'of'the'heavy'traffic.' 'Truck'damage'factor.' 'Growth.' 'Life'span.' Design characteristics 1

3. Soil


3. Soil Soil'characterisFcs'that'are'influencing'the'pavement' thickness' '2.1'DeterminaFon'type'of'soil'

'2.2'Bearing'capacity'' '2.3'Groundwater'level' '2.4'Capillarity'of'the'ground' '2.5'Sejling'behavior'


3. Soil properties business cart Peat'PT'

Cohesive'material' Viscosity % Dynamic%s@ffness Ground%water%level: Capillarity: %


%0.30% %100%kg/cm2% %S%0.5%m% %20%m%

3.1 Determination type of soil


3.2 Bearing capacity

The'strength'of'a'granular'material'against' deformaFon,'and'spreading'of'the'load' '''''''''' ''''''''''''''' Bearing'capacity'is'mainly'depending'of:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

1.'Grain'sizes' 2.'Organic'material' 3.'Moisture'content' 4.'CompacFon ''


3.2 Bearing capacity 2  The'bearing'capacity'is'expressed'in'StaFc' or'dynamic'ElasFc'modulus'of'the'soil.'' 2  Edyn'='10'*'CBR' 2  MPa'or'N/mm2''or''10*MPa'='kgf/cm2'


3.2 Bearing capacity F'

Soil'has'a'memory?''Estat'–'Edyn'

Peat'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''Sand F' ' F'

F'

E' E'

ν"

E'

E'

ν"

ν"

'''Edyn'–'Estat

'

ν"

'''''''''''''''''''''''''Edyn'–'Estat'


3.2 Bearing capacity


3.2 Bearing capacity Material%

Dynamic%elas@city%modulus% (MPa)%

Peat'

10'

Clay'

25'–'75'

Sand'

75'–'150'

Paving'stones'

1.500'

Asphalt'

7.500'

Furnace'slag'

1.000'

Sand'cement'stabilizaFon'

5.000'

ImmoCem'+'sludge'

4.522'–'4.975'


3.3 Ground water level The'effect'of'groundwater'under' the'road'has'influence'on'the' bearing'capacity'and'Frost/Thaw' behavior'


3.4 Capillarity Capillary%ac@on,'capillarity,'capillary%mo@on,'or'wicking'is' the'ability'of'a'substance'to'draw'another'substance'into'it.' The'standard'reference'is'to'a'tube'in'plants'but'can'be'seen' readily'with'porous'paper.

•  •  •  •  • 

h is the liquid-air surface tension (J/m² or N/m) θ is the contact angle ρ is the density of liquid (kg/m3) g is acceleration due to gravity (m/s²) r is radius of tube (m). ' Design characteristics 1

3.4 Capillarity


3.4 Capillarity

Soil%Type%

Capillarity%(m)%

Rocks'

0'

Gravel'

0'

Sand'

020,3'

Clay'

1210'

Peat'

>10'


3.5 Settling behavior Immediate%seWlement%(ri)%

{'elasFc'deformaFon'with'no'change'in'water'content' {'occurs'rapidly'during'the'applicaFon'of'load' {'quite'small'quanFty'in'dense'sands/gravels'and'sFff/hard'clays'

Consolida@on%seWlement%(rc)%

{'decrease'in'voids'volume'as'pore'water'is'squeezed'out'of'the'soil' {'occurs'slowly'according'to'the'permeability' {'only'significant'in'clays'and'silts'

Secondary%seWlement%or%creep%(ra)%

{'due'to'gradual'changes'in'the'parFculate'structure'of'the'soil' {'occurs'very'slowly,'long'aler'consolidaFon'is'completed' {'most'significant'in'sol'organic'soils'and'peats'

Thus,'final%seWlement,%r%=%ri%+%rc%+%ra' Design characteristics 1

3.5 Settling behavior


4. Surfacing


4. Surfacing 3.1'Why'surfacing?' 3.2'What'qualiFes'must'the'surface'have?' 3.3'Which'opFons'are'there?' 3.4'What'is'the'effect'on'the'pavement?'


4.2 Properties of the road Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' '''''''''' the'bounded'layer.' -

•  Skid'resistance 2'Airplanes'

2'Cars'and'trucks' 2'Bicycles' •  Noise'reducFon' •  Splash'and'spray' •  'permanent'loads'' •  'Heat' •  'Heavy'loads' •  'Water'impermeability' Design characteristics 1

4.3 Surface layer materials Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' • the'bounded'layer.' Asphalt'' •  Chip'and'spray' •  Concrete'bricks' •  Concrete' •  CombinaFon'upper'layer' •  ARC' •  Direct'StabilizaFon''


Content 1.  General'

Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' the'bounded'layer.' -

2.  RoadCem'basics' 3.  BISAR'CalculaFons' 4.  Example'BISAR'CalculaFons' 5.  Determine'the'lifeFme' 6.  Exercises' General

Content STEP'1' Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' 2'Tyre'pressure ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2''Dynamic'elasFcity'module'of ''''2Dynamic'elasFcity'module'of' Business'cards' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''soil''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''material' please' the'bounded'layer.' 2'Maximum'wheel'load'''''''''''''''''''2''Viscosity''of'soil'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''2'Viscosity'of'used'materials'

STEP'2' CalculaFng'with' BISAR'

'

Establish%layer%thickness,%in%programme

Calculate%stresses%strains%and% displacements

'

'''''Check%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Check%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%%%%%%%%%%%%Check %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Check%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Check%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% %%%Deforma@on%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Deforma@on%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Pressure%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Fa@gue%and%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Remaining%%' %%%%SubSbase%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Founda@on%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Strength%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%Breaking%strain%%%%%%%%%%Aspects

'

Op@mize%' construc@on

STEP'3' Checking' STEP'4' OpFmizing'

'

General

2. RoadCem basics Sand'SP' Non'cohesive'material' Viscosity: E'dynamic:

''''''''''''''''''0.35' ''''''''''''''''''1000'kg/cm2' ''''''''''''''''''1500'kg/cm2' Ground'water'level:'''''''''''2'2'm' Capillarity: '''''''''''''''''''0.3'm' Tabasco' Small'Roads' Number'of'trucks:'''''''''''''''2*10^4' Standard'axle'load:'''''''''''''100'kN' Type'of'surface'material:'''Asphalt' Width:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''3.2'm' Lifespan:'''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''14'years'

Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' Input'data'to'make'calculaFons' the'bounded'layer.' -

1.  ProperFes'of'the'soil' 2.  ProperFes'of'the'traffic' 3.''ProperFes'of'the'materials'

Sand'RoadCem' PowerCem'Technologies' Pressure'strength:''''''''10'Mpa' Breaking'strain:'''''''''''''400'mm/m' FaFgue'relaFon:''''''''''''Literature' Dynamic'SFffness:''''''''6000'MPa'


2. RoadCem basics Calculate'the'construcFon'to'prevent'damage'during'predesFnated'lifeFme:' Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of'

the'bounded'layer.' Design:'Failing'mechanism'roads' -

DeformaFon'construcFon' DeformaFon'foundaFon'(unbounded)' 'Crack2forming'foundaFon'(unbounded)' 'DeformaFon'grade'

DeformaFon'subgrade' Design characteristics 2

3. BISAR Calculation Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' This'is'an'iteraFve'process' the'bounded'layer.' -

1.  Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the' top'of'the'bounded'layer.' 2.  Check'the'strain'at'the'bojom'of'the' bounded'layers.' 3.  Check'the'deformaFons'in'the' unbounded'materials' Design characteristics 2

3. BISAR Calculation Check'the'compressive'strength'at'the'top'of' the'bounded'layer.' -

 (Fre'pressure)'

If#this#is#not#the#case,#then#the# mixture#must#be#changed#or#a# surface#layer#with#a#higher# compressive#layer#(ARC,#Concrete# with#ConcreCem)#must#be#applied.## Design characteristics 2

3. BISAR Calculation Check'the'strain'at'the'bojom'of'the'bounded' layers.' The'strain'at'the'bojom'determines'the'' Resistance'against'cracks'due'to:'

ε<'ε

breaking'strain'

(Neff')'<'(Neq)'(faFgue)'

2 One'over'ceding'heavy'load'' ''('Breaking'strain)' 2 Repeated'equivalent'' 'wheel'loads'80'kN'(FaFgue)'


3. BISAR Calculation +

+ +


-

3. BISAR Calculation


4. Example BISAR Calculation Step'1:On'the'move'with'BISAR'1/8''


















5. Determine lifetime 2 ''='compressive' +'='tensile' ''''1,35'kg/cm2'' ''''<'50'kg/cm2'

So'this'is'ok!' (Yellow'value'is' determined'in'' The'material' design'and' controlled'in' the'laboratory)' Design characteristics 2

5. Determine lifetime  

12,5'mm/m' 12,5'mm/m'<'' 400'mm/m'

So'this'is'ok!' (Yellow'value'is' determined'in'' The'material' design'and' controlled'in' the'laboratory)' Design characteristics 2

Part%V%Design%of%Airports%

  Airport Design with FAARFIELD (FAA)   Airport Design with BISAR

Airport Design FAARFIELD - Input aircraft data

Airport Design FAARFIELD   pavement design

FAARFIELD program calculates automatically the layer thicknesses, based on:   Aircraft fleet and number of landings per year   Mechanical properties of pavement materials   Required Design life   Subgrade properties

BISAR program calculations also, based on:   Aircraft fleet and number of landings per year   Mechanical properties of pavement materials   Required Design life   Subgrade properties But not automatically

BISAR calculations with RoadCem: 1.  Calculate the stress and strain per aircraft type and per pavement construction

BISAR calculations with RoadCem: 2.  Calculate the allowable number of load repetitions per aircraft per construction Using either fatigue relation of local soil stabilization or e.g. Dutch Road Authorities fatigue relation for AGRAC Log(N)'='21.37'–'7.72'x''log(ε)'

BISAR calculations with RoadCem: 3.  Calculate the Miner number per aircraft per construction Miner = E.g.: Miner 747-400ER construction 1 = 2.0 x 10^6/8.0 x 10^6 Miner 737-300 construction 1 = 8.0 x 10^6 / 8.0 x 10^7

BISAR calculations with RoadCem: 4.  Summarize the Miner numbers per aircraft per construction E.g.: Total Miner = Miner 747-400 + Miner 737-300 +… + … In this example: Total Miner = 0,25 + 0,1 + … + …

BISAR calculations with RoadCem: 5.  Check resulting Miner numbers per pavement construction E.g.: Total Miner = 1; pavement will just show NO damage during the design life of the construction Total Miner < 1; construction is sufficient Total Miner > 1; construction is not sufficient

Aim of the design is a pavement construction with Miner number of 1. If Miner > 1, then adapt the design by increasing thickness of the layers and re-calculate all the different airplanes in BISAR and determine the summarized Miner number for the new construction.

If Miner < 1, then either: -  Allow for the overdesigned construction if financially acceptable or if increase in Aircraft weight or number is expected in the future. -  Adapt the design by decreasing thickness of the layers and re-calculate all the different airplanes in BISAR and determine the summarize Miner number for the new thinner construction.

RoadCem%advantages' Reduced%use%of% primary%and% secondary%materials%

Less% %Transport% Use%of%onsite% materials%

Effec@ve% design%of% asphalt% thickness%

Cost%% reduc@on%

Ques@ons%

www.powercem.com%

Remko%Herremans' Jednatel' Ke%Statku%71' 25401%Jilove%u%Prahy' T:%00420%241%950%091' F:%00420%241%950%091' M:%00420%724805%724'

Nano%Technologie%in%Civil%Engineering% Prague'Friday'March'1st'

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