HAPSA et STUDIA. HAPSA et STUDIA. The first Institute of English for Translating Interpreting and Public Speaking in Indonesia

first Institute of English for Translating Interpreting and Public Speaking in Indonesia The

HAPSA etetSTUDIA HAPSA STUDIA

Hallo ! My name’s Rachmat Effendi. I’m a translator and interpreter of English to and from bahasa Indonesia viceversa. I’m also a lecturer of English for translation and interpreting study. Welcome to my presentation !. I’ve been dedicating myself to the works of translation and interpreting since more than twenty years ago. I’m very happy to get in touch with you in this presentation to share about knowledge and experience, especially about my invention of English method for teaching and translation.

Nama saya Rachmat Effendi. Saya seorang Penerjemah dan/atau Juru bahasa Inggris - Indonesia dan sebaliknya. Saya juga pengajar bahasa Inggris untuk studi penerjemahan dan kejurubahasaan. Selamat datang ke presentasi saya. Saya telah mengabdikan diri dalam dunia penerjemahan dan kejurubahasaan sejak lebih dari dua puluh tahun yang lalu. Saya senang dapat berkenalan dengan anda dalam presentasi ini untuk saling berbagi pengetahuan dan pengalaman, terutama sekali mengenai metode temuan saya dalam bidang pengajaran dan penerjemahan bahasa Inggris.

It does not matter whether you are an English Specialist or simply a new learner of English, a professional instructor or an experienced translator or interpreter, or a prospective student of translation or only a voluntary English teacher, my presentation in this opportunity will help you improve and develop your English for different purposes, at least, this will make you more informed about English, especially in the field of translation and communication. Why so?

Tak perduli apakah anda seorang ahli atau spesialist bahasa Inggris atau hanya sekedar pelajar pemula, seorang instruktur profesional atau seorang penerjemah atau juru bahasa yang berpengalaman, atau seorang calon siswa penerjemah atau hanya seorang pengajar sukarelawan, presentasi kali ini akan membantu meningkatkan dan mengembangkan bahasa Inggris anda untuk berbagai keperluan, paling tidak anda akan lebih mengetahui seluk-beluk bahasa Inggris, terutama dalam bidang terjemahan dan Komunikasi. Mengapa?

When many others, both linguists and English Educational institutions, introduce and provide you with the complexity of English, I do reversely, the simplicity of it. When many books of English grammar introduce and provide you with hundreds of structures of English sentences, I do only one, as the root of all aspects of English sentences, named SEM (Simplified English Method), whose course is named SEIC (Simplified English for Intensive Course).

Pada saat banyak orang, baik para ahli bahasa maupun lembaga pendidikan bahasa Inggris memperkenalkan dan menyediakan anda dengan konpleksitas bahasa Inggris, Saya justru sebaliknya, simplifikasinya. Ketika banyak buku grammar memperkenalkan ratusan rumus kalimat bahasa Inggris, saya hanya memperkenalkan satu rumus saja yang merupakan inti sari dari seluruh aspek kalimatkalimat bahasa Inggris, yang saya beri nama SEM (Simplified English Method), yang kursusnya diberi nama SEIC (Simplified English for Intensive Course).

This substantial formula of English sentence is mainly distilled from my teaching experience of English at many institutions, especially that of my own, Hapsa et Studia English Institute. If you want to study in depth about this specific formula, please just have the book “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” from the bookstores (i.e. Gramedia) or just contact the publisher (Hapsa et Studia) for 30% discount.

Revised Edition Formula Kalimat Bahasa Inggris ini terutama saya dapatkan dari pengalaman mengajar bahasa Inggris di berbagai lembaga, terutama dari lembaga milik saya sendiri, yaitu Hapsa et Studia. Jika anda ingin mempelajari formula khusus ini lebih mendalam, milikilah buku “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” ditoko-toko buku (antara lain Gramedia) atau hubungilah penerbitnya (Hapsa et studia) untuk mendapatkan diskon sebesar 30%.

And if you get the book directly from me (the author) at the time of attending my presentation or in a one-day workshop, which will be held every month, you’ll get 40% discount. Hence, for your best comprehension of writing and translation technique, please join the workshop held by the institute, Hapsa et Studia or its affiliation close to your living area. The fee of One-day Workshop is Rp 250.000,including the materials, lunch and certificate.

Second Edition

Dan Jika anda mendapatkan buku tersebut langsung dari saya (pengarang) pada saat presentasi berlangsung atau dalam workshop sehari, yang diselenggarakan setiap bulan anda akan mendapatkan diskon sebesar 40%. Oleh karena itu, untuk lebih memahami tehnik menulis dan menerjemahkan, ikutilah pelatihan tersebut yang diselenggarakan oleh Hapsa et Studia atau afiliasinya yang berdekatan dengan tempat tinggal anda. Biaya Pelatihan Satu Hari adalah Rp 250.000,- termasuk materi, makan- siang dan sertifikat.

The book “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” provides you with a huge aspects of English language that you did not recognize before. The study approach focuses more on “HOW” aspect (Sociolinguistics or communication approach based on cultural agreement) and “WHY” (Psycho-linguistics or communication approach based on Logic) rather than “WHAT” ( communication approach based on Grammar commonly used as the study materials at formal schools).

First Edition

Buku “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” tersebut memberi banyak informasi mengenai seluk beluk bahasa Inggris yang sebelumnya tidak anda kenal. Pendekatan belajarnya lebih terfokus pada “HOW’ / BAGAIMANA” (Tata-Bahasa yang mengacu pada kesepakatanb sosial) dan “WHY / MENGAPA” (Komunikasi berdasarkan pendekatan logika) ketimbang unsur “WHAT / APA” (Linguistik atau Grammar yang umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan pelajari di sekolah-sekolah formal).

Now, let’s have a look at the overall aspects of English study, named “SEIC Communication Cycle”. However, you would of course be overburdened with it, if only had to learn all. See the following slide.

Sekarang, mari kita perhatikan semua aspek pelajaran bahasa Inggris yang dinamakan “Siklus Komunikasi SEIC”. Namun demikian, anda tentu akan sangat terbebani jika harus mempelajari seluruh aspek tersebut. Perhatikan slide berikut.

COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNICATION TARGET IN PRIORITY 1. Message (The quality of idea)

1. Linguistics 2. Socio-Linguistics 3. Psycho-Linguistics

2. Content (The quantity of idea) 3. Form (Composition style) COMMUNICATION STYLES

GLOBAL

1. Formal

COMMUNICATION

2. Semi - Formal

WITH SEIC

3. Informal

STEPS OF COMMUNICATION

IN

TRANSLATING / NTERPETING 1. Intra-lingual translating / interpreting process 2. a. Inter-lingual translating / . interpreting process b. Inter-semiotic translating / . interpreting process 3. Editing and Proof-reading

COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES 1. Communicative (to understand one’s expression both written and spoken, and to be understood by others) 2. Grammatically correct (well-structured) 3. Composed-effectively (Composition & Style) 4. Artful (nice to read) 5. Perfect (very formal language)

COMMUNICATION MEDIA 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Grammatical Language Lexical Language Colloquial Language Idiomatic Language Sign Language

TYPE OF COMMUNICATION 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Legal Technical Scientific Popular Popular-Scientific

INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION ACCESS 1. Data Input Comprehension by Reading and Listening 2. Data Output Expression by Writing and Speaking

COMMUNICATION TARGET In PRIORITY Message (The quality of idea) Content (The quantity of idea) Form (Composition

COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE Linguistics Socio-Linguistics Psycho-Linguistics

style)

COMMUNICATION Forma STYLES Semi -

l

Infor

F or m m a al l

STEPS OF COMMUNICATION in / TRANSLATING INTERPETING Intra-lingual translating / interpreting process Inter-lingual translating / interpreting process Inter-semiotic translating / interpreting process Editing and Proofreading

GLOBAL COMMUNICATION WITH SEIC

COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES Communicative (to understand one’s expression both written and spoken, and to be understood by others) Grammatically correct (well-structured) Composed-effectively (Composition & Style) Artful (nice to read) Perfect (very formal

COMMUNICATION MEDIA Grammatical Languag Lexical Language e Colloquial Language Idiomatic Language Sign Lan gua ge TYPE OF COMMUNICATION Legal Technic Scientifi a Popular lc PopularScient ific INTERACTIVE ACCESS COMMUNICATIO N Data Input Comprehension by Reading and Listening Data Output Expressio n by Writing and Speaking

Wow… so many complicated matters to learn, right?. But look at this box. This is the most substantial matters to learn for the purposes of both verbal and written communication. For now, we are going to focus merely on these subjects, only these subjects. And now, let’s move to another image.

language)

Wow… banyak sekali hal-hal yang rumit untuk dipelajari, bukan begitu? Perhatikan kotak yang ada di samping kiri. Ini adalah aspek-aspek yang paling penting untuk dipelajari dalam berkomunikasi baik lisan maupun tulisan. Dan mulai saat ini, kita akan ber-fokus semata-mata pada subyek-subyek ini, hanya subyek-subyek ini. Dan sekarang mari kita lihat gambar lainnya.

COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURES COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE COMMUNICATION TARGET 1. Linguistics In PRIORITY 1. Linguistics 2. Socio-Linguistics 3. Psycho-Linguistics 1. Message (The quality of idea) 2. Content (The quantity of idea) 3. Form (Composition style) 2. Socio-Linguistics

COMMUNICATION MEDIA

COMMUNICATION STYLES 3. Psycho-Linguistics

TYPE OF COMMUNICATION

1. Formal 2. Semi - Formal 3. Informal

GLOBAL COMMUNICATION WITH SEIC

LINGUISTICS Standard English Language STEPS OF COMMUNICATION based on conventional agreement of linguists in TRANSLATING / COMMUNICATION OBJECTIVES INTERPETING 1. Intra-lingual translatingSOSIO-LINGUISTICS / 1. Communicative (to understand one’s interpreting process Non-Standard English Language expression both written and spoken, and based comprehension 2. a. Inter-lingual translating / on culturalto be understood by others) . interpreting process 2. Grammatically correct (well-structured) PSYCHO-LINGUISTICS b. Inter-semiotic translating / 3. on Composed-effectively Language based individual comprehension . interpreting process (Composition & Style) 3. Editing and Proof-reading 4. Artful (nice to read) 5. Perfect (very formal language)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Grammatical Language Lexical Language Colloquial Language Idiomatic Language Sign Language

Legal Technical Scientific Popular Popular-Scientific

INTERACTIVE COMMUNICATION ACCESS 1. Data Input Comprehension by Reading and Listening 2. Data Output Expression by Writing and Speaking

ST IC S

MESSAGE

S IC ST

YC HO -LI NG UI

I GU

PS

LIN OCI SO

LINGUISTICS Standard English Language based on conventional agreement of linguists

LINGUISTICS

SOSIO-LINGUISTICS Non-Standard English Language based on cultural comprehension

PSYCHO-LINGUISTICS Communication based on individual comprehension

MESSAGE The substance of communication

NG

NG UI ST IC S

I -L S UI CS TI

PS YC HO -L I

O CI SO

MESSAGE

Here is the Triangle of Communication Infrastructures, comprising Linguistics or Standard English language based on the conventional agreement of linguists, Socio-linguistics or non-standard English Language based on cultural agreement or the comprehension of a certain community, and Psycho-linguistics or Practice of Communication or Language Understanding based on individual comprehension or one’s logic rather than knowledge. And you’ll be unable to build communication properly or effectively without mastering or at least understanding all of those aspects, especially in writing and translating activities.

L I N G U I S T I CS

Ini dia Segitiga dari Infrastruktur Komunikasi, terdiri dari Linguistik atau bahasa Inggris Baku berdasarkan kesepakatan konvensional para ahli bahasa; Sosio- Linguistik atau bahasa Inggris tak standar yang mengacu pada kesepakatan atau pemahaman budaya suatu komunitas tertentu; dan Psiko-Linguistik atau Praktek Komunikasi yang mengacu pada pendekatan psikologis atau pemahaman logika seseorang ketimbang pengetahuan bahasanya. Dan pada dasarnya, anda tidak akan mampu membangun komunikasi secara tepat atau efektif tanpa menguasai atau setidaknya mengerti semua aspek -tersebut, terutama dalam kegiatan menulis dan menerjemahkan.

None of us speaks totally in Linguistics, or otherwise, you’ll seem so stiff at the time of building verbal communication. But why shall we study Linguistics or Grammar in depth? Linguistics is the standard of English language to maintain communication from any deviation and to make it understood by the communication agents, especially by those of beginners.

Tidak seorangpun dari kita yang berbicara dengan menggunakan Linguistik sepenuhnya, karena akan nampak kaku pada saat berkomunikasi secara lisan. Tetapi mengapa kita perlu mempelajari Linguistik atau Tata-bahasa secara mendalam? Linguistik adalah Bahasa Inggris baku untuk menjaga komunikasi agar tidak menyimpang dan mudah dimengerti oleh para pelaku komunikasi, terutama oleh para pemula.

Though not often, a new learner may probably say, ‘I am like’, while he means ‘I like’. For instance “I am like monkey”, while he means “I like monkey”. This happens, because he does not care about Grammar or Linguistics. Hence, linguistics or grammar is really significant in communication. Unfortunately, only a small number of people speak linguistically in their day-to-day communication. Linguistics is only the track of composing sentence, instead of the content or the message of communication, and psycho-linguistics is the logic of it.

Meskipun tidak terlalu sering, seorang siswa baru mungkin saja mengatakan “ Saya seperti” sementara maksud sesungguhnya ingin mengungkapkan “Saya menyukai”. Contohnya “ Saya seperti monyet” sementara maksudnya adalah “ Saya menyukai monyet”. Ini terjadi, karena seseorang tersebut tidak memiliki rasa keperdulian terhadap Tata-bahasa atau Linguistik. Jadi, linguistik atau Tata-bahasa sangat penting dalam komunikasi. Yang disayangkan, hanya sedikit orang yang berkomunikasi sehari-hari dengan menggunakan linguistik. Linguistik hanyalah jalur dalam menyusun kalimat, bukan isi atau pesan komunikasi dan psikolinguistik adalah logikanya.

In other cases, when you describe something to someone, then he responds: “I see..”. This means, “I understand”. When someone says to another: “Please don’t see me bad!”. This means “Please don’t think as if I were a bad person”. When he/she says: “I see translation as a prospective career”. In other words: “I think or I’m sure, translation is a prospective career”. Other examples: “I chair my own business”. This means: “I run my private business”; But if one says: “I chair him as the Director of this company”, this means: “I appoint him as the Director of this company”. Those are all named “socio-linguistics”.

Dalam kasus lain, ketika anda menggambarkan sesuatu pada seseorang, lalu ia mengatakan: “ I see…”. maksudnya, “saya mengerti”. Ketika seseorang mengutarakan pada orang lain: “Don’t see me bad” , Maksudnya “Jangan berpikir seakan-akan saya orang jahat”. Ketika ia mengatakan: “I see translation is a prospective career”. Dengan kata lain dia bilang: “Saya yakin, penerjemah adalah karir yang yang memiliki masa depan”. Contoh lainnya: “I chair my own business”. Maksudnya: “Saya berwiraswasta”; Tetapi jika seseorang mengatakan: “I chair him as the Director in this company”, Maksudnya: “Saya menunjuk dia sebagai Direktur Perusahaan ini”. Semua contoh di atas dinamakan “sosio-linguistik”.

Concerning Psycho-linguistics, here I’m providing you with a sample applying in daily communications. My friend worked hard to get a certain target of work, suddenly he shouted to himself, “O my God. My labor doesn’t fruit at all…!!”. This means that he has failed to reach the target. Hopefully, it’s enough to make you informed.

Mengenai Psiko-linguistik, saya disini menyuguhkan contoh yang digunakan dalam komunikasi sehari-hari. Seorang teman bekerja keras untuk mencapai tujuan dalam pekerjaannya, tiba-tiba ia berteriak sendiri, “Ya Tuhan, Usaha saya tidak membuahkan apapun…!!”. Maksudnya disini, ia telah gagal dalam mencapai sasaran tersebut. Semoga semua keterangan di atas cukup untuk membuat anda mengerti.

NG

NG UI ST IC S

I -L S UI CS TI

PS YC HO -L I

O CI SO

MESSAGE

The Triangle of Communication Infrastructures as above mentioned is used by Hapsa et Studia to trap the message of communication. However, there are still many other significant aspects involved in communication, like idioms, jargons, slangs, besides vocabularies in general and terminologies of specific subjects that you can learn yourself. Nevertheless, almost all of them are focused more on using memory rather than logic.

LINGUISTICS

Segitiga Infrastruktur Komunikasi yang disebutkan di atas digunakan oleh Hapsa et Studia untuk menangkap pesan komunikasi. Bagaimanapun, masih banyak aspek-aspek signifikan lainnya yang terlibat dalam komunikasi, seperti idiom-idiom, jargon-jargon, slang-slang, disamping perbendaharaan kata pada umumnya dan terminologi-terminologi dari subyek-subyek tertentu yang dapat anda pelajari sendiri. Sekalipun demikian, hampir seluruh aspek-aspek tersebut lebih difokuskan dalam penggunaan memori dibandingkan logika.

Meanwhile, all individual difficulties like articulation and pronunciation can be learnt afterwards, as you can’t force them to change. Each individual person has its own style and difficulties. A Chinese person speaks in its own style of English, likewise that of Indian and other races. I’m sure, none of you learns English to change your personality.

Sementara itu, semua kesulitan-kesulitan secara individu seperti pengucapan atau cara melafalkan dapat dipelajari berikutnya, karena anda tidak dapat memaksanya untuk berubah. Setiap individu memiliki gaya dan menghadapi kesulitannya masing-masing. Orang Cina bercakap-cakap dalam gaya bahasa Inggrisnya sendiri, begitu pula dengan orang India dan bangsa-bangsa lainnya. Saya yakin, tidak seorangpun diantara anda belajar bahasa Inggris untuk mengubah kepribadian anda sendiri.

Now, let’s talk about English sentence formula or structure, and this is another distinctiveness of SEM or SEIC. When many others of linguists and/or English institutions recommend that English learners memorize hundreds of structures of English language, we do oppositely. Don’t memorize too many structures of English, or otherwise, you would be confused, as the capacity of human memory is very limited, even lower than that of a flash-disc, let alone a computer. But human being is far brainer and more nimble than a computer, as a computer can only imitate a small part of the characteristics of human being.

Sekarang, mari kita berbicara tentang formula/rumusan atau struktur kalimat Bahasa Inggris, dan ini merupakan keistimewaan SEM atau SEIC. Sementara banyak ahli bahasa lainnya dan/atau lembaga-lembaga Bahasa Inggris yang menganjurkan agar para siswa yang belajar bahasa Inggris menghafal ratusan struktur bahasa Inggris, kami melakukan kebalikannya. Jangan menghafal terlalu banyak struktur bahasa Inggeris, atau kita akan menjadi bingung, karena kapasitas memori/ingatan manusia sangat terbatas, bahkan lebih rendah dari flashdisk/USB, apalagi sebuah unit computer. Tetapi, manusia jauh lebih cerdas dan lebih cekatan dibandingkan sebuah computer, karena sebuah computer hanya dapat meniru sebagian kecil karakteristik dari manusia.

ACTIVITY NOUN

(PREPOSITION) NOUN ADJECTIVE

(AUX. VERB) STATUS / CONDITION

SUBJECT

VERB

TOBE / LINK ING VERB PREDICATE

TO + V1 / V + ING (ACTIVE) VERB III (PASSIVE)

ADVERB CONJUNCTION EXCLAMATION

COMPLEMENTARY OBJECT / EXCLAMATORY STATEMENT

Now, look at this example!. This is the basic formula of English structure, which may develop into hundreds of newly derivative structures. Nevertheless, there is only one structure of sentence which two types of sentences – active and inactive.

Sekarang perhatikan contoh ini!. Ini formula dasar dari kalimat bahasa Inggris, yang dapat berkembang menjadi beratus-ratus struktur. Prinsipnya, hanya ada satu formula kalimat yang dibagi menjadi dua jenis – aktif dan tidak aktif [pasif].

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE


SUBJECT

(PREPOSITION) NOUN



She

She She She She

will/can/may/ must had better /would rather has

employs

many people

employ

many people

employed is is is

many people to employ employing employed

many people many people by …

NOMINAL SENTENCE : (The Subject doesn’t have any activity or is inactive) She She She

She

will/can/may/must had better /would rather will/can/may/must had better /would rather has

She

has

She

is/ becomes is/ feels be/ become

CONJUNCTION EXCLAMATION


VERBAL SENTENCE : (The Subject acts or does something or is active) She

ADVERB

a boss of many people happy a boss of many people

be/ become

happy

been / become

a boss of many people

been / felt

happy

Human logic and intuition are unlimited. They are not trapped by the brain not even by this universe. Human being with its intuition can imagine all the parts of this universe and think faster than a computer. You can imagine an object in a very distant location. Once, you may think as if you were in a certain country, say in London - England, suddenly, you move to California in America within less than a second, then move again to Mecca in the Middle East, imagining as if you were watching Ka’bah, then you fly to the Sun. You can imagine and feel as if you were burnt out by the heat. You can really feel it, as if it were real.

Logika dan intuisi manusia tidak terbatas. Logika dan intuisi tidak terkurung oleh otak dan bahkan oleh alam semesta ini. Manusia dengan intuisinya dapat mengkhayalkan semua bagian alam semesta ini dan berpikir lebih cepat dari pada computer. Anda dapat membayangkan suatu benda yang sangat jauh. Anda dapat berhayal sedang berada di negara tertentu, katakanlah di London – Inggris, tiba-tiba anda pindah ke California di Amerika dalam waktu kurang dari satu detik, lalu pindah lagi ke mekkah di Timur Tengah, berkhayal seolah-olah anda sedang menyaksikan Ka’bah, lalu anda terbang ke Matahari. Anda dapat berkhayal dan merasakan seakan-akan sedang terbakar oleh panasnya. Anda dapat benar-benar merasakannya, seolah-olah hal itu nyata.

Teaching human being should be different from teaching other God’s creatures like angels. However, although angel never forgets even a bit of data, it can not create anything, except what has God input into its memory, since it has no logic and intuition. Human being is very forgetful, but it has logic and intuition to think and create, even develop what it needs. That’s why God created Adam. I created my own method to simplify English language to make it easier to learn, as I resembled Adam, rather than an angel, let alone a computer

Mengajar manusia harus berbeda dari mengajar ciptaan-ciptaan Tuhan yang lainnya seperti malaikat. Tetapi, sekalipun malaikat tidak pernah melupakan data sekecil apapun, ia tidak dapat menciptakan apapun kecuali apa yang sudah dimasukkan oleh Tuhan kedalam memorinya, karena malaikat tidak memiliki logika maupun intuisi. Manusia adalah mahluk pelupa, tetapi memiliki logika dan intuisi untuk berfikir dan menciptakan, bahkan mengembangkan sesuatu yang dibutuhkannya. Itulah sebabnya Tuhan menciptakan Adam. Saya menciptakan metode saya sendiri untuk menyederhanakan Bahasa inggris agar lebih mudah dipelajari, karena saya lebih mirip Adam , dibandingkan dengan malaikat, apalagi sebuah perangkat computer.

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE


SUBJECT

(PREPOSITION) NOUN





VERBAL SENTENCE : The Subject acts or does something or is active She She She

will/can/may/must had better/ would rather has

employs employ

many people many people

employed

many people

This is an example of verbal sentence, whose predicate is a real verb, ‘employ’: “She employs many people” Pay heed to this sentence. When you put any of the auxiliary verbs as shown here, letter ‘s’ of the predicate disappears or changes into nominal verb ‘employ’. However, when the auxiliary verb is in the form of perfect form ‘has’, the predicate changes into the third form ‘employed’. Ini adalah contoh ka;limat verbal yang predikatnya adalah kata kerja asli, ‘employ’ : “ Ia mempekerjakan banyak orang”. Simaklah kalimat ini. Ketika anda mengunakan kata kerja bantu apapun seperti ditunjukkan disini, huruf ‘s’ dari predikat hilang atau berubah menjadi kata kerja asli ‘employ’. Selanjutnya, ketika kata kerja bantu dalam bentuk sempurna ‘telah”, predikat berubah menjadi bentuk ketiga ‘employed’.

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB


TOBE / LINK ING VERB


PREDICATE



SUBJECT


NOMINAL SENTENCE : The Subject doesn’t have any activity or is inactive She She She She She

will/can/may/must had better/would rather

is/ becomes is/ feels be/ become be/ feel

a boss of many people happy a boss of many people

has has

been / become been / felt

a boss of many people happy

happy

Now look at this ‘Nominal Sentence’ The predicate is alterable, whether in the form of ‘to be’ or ‘Linking Verb’. Here the predicate of sentence is ‘is’ and ‘feel’ or ‘become’. If you put any of the auxiliary verbs as shown here, the predicates ‘to be’ or ‘linking verb’ change into the nominal forms ‘to be’ and/or ‘linking verbs’. Sekarang perhatikan ‘Kalimat Nominal’ ini. Predikatnya dapat diubah, apakah dalam bentuk ‘ to be’ atau ‘Kata Kerja Penghubung’. Disini predikatnya adalah ‘is’ dan ‘feel’ atau ‘become’. Jika anda meletakkan salah satu dari kata kerja bantu sebagaimana ditunjukkan disini, predikat ‘to be’ atau ‘linking verb’. berubah menjadi bentuk ‘to be’ dan/atau ‘linking verbs’ yang asli.

ACTIVITY NOUN



SUBJECT

VERB





VERBAL SENTENCE combines to NOMINAL SENTENCE She

is

She

is is

She

to employ many people employing many people employed by …

Next, if those two types of sentences are mixed together, the newly-composed sentence becomes as follows: Two-third of those sentences will be still active and one-third of it is inactive. The first and second sentences are ‘active voices’, but the third sentence is a ‘passive voice’.

Selanjutnya, jika kedua jenis kalimat tersebut digabungkan, susunan kalimat baru tersebut akan berbunyi sebagai berikut: Dua pertiga dari kalimat-kalimat tersebut akan tetap aktif dan sepertiga lainnya adalah inaktif. Kalimat pertama dan kedua ‘berbentuk aktif’, tetapi kalimat ketiganya ‘berbentuk passive’.

ACTIVITY NOUN



SUBJECT

VERB





VERBAL SENTENCE combines to NOMINAL SENTENCE She

is

to employ many people

She

is is

employing many people

She

employed by …

In the first sentence, ‘She is to employ…’, is to here means irrevocable intention, the same as when you get a certificate awarded by any institution, there is always a statement “THIS IS TO CERTIFY”. In the second sentence, “She is employing…”, ‘ing form’ means ‘for a temporary being’. But in the third sentence, “She is employed by….” is a passive voice. Pada kalimat pertama, ‘Ia akan mempekerjakan…’, is to berarti maksud yang tidak bisa dibatalkan, sama halnya ketika anda mendapatkan sertifikat yang dianugerahkan oleh lembaga manapun, selalu akan ada pernyataan ‘INI MENYATAKAN’ . Pada kalimat kedua, “Ia mempekerjakan…”, ‘bentuk ing’ disini berarti ‘untuk sementara waktu’. Tetapi kalimat ketiga,”ia dipekerjakan oleh…” adalah ‘bentuk pasif’.

Now let’s practice our exercise. We start with Translation Sample 1. Do your best to translate this English source into bahasa Indonesia. The source of English text is perhaps nonstandard, but you are a translator, not a linguist. So you are not in the capacity of correcting its grammatical or lexical aspects, but simply to ‘CATCH THE MESSAGE’. It’s very simple to do the translation exercise, as you only need to ‘click’ and ‘click’ again and again until you find the answer.

Sekarang mari kita kerjakan latihan. Kita mulai dengan Contoh Terjemahan 1. Kerjakan sebaik mungkin untuk menerjemahkan sumber materi berbahasa Inggris ini kedalam Bahasa Indonesia. Teks ini mungkin tidak menggunakan Bahasa Inggris baku, namun anda seorang penerjemah, bukan ahli bahasa. Jadi anda tidak berada dalam kapasitas untuk mengoreksi aspek-aspek tata-bahasa atau leksikalnya, namun hanya “MENANGKAP PESANNYA” saja. Sangatlah sederhana mengerjakan latihan penerjemahan ini, karena anda hanya perlu meng ‘klik’ dan ‘klik’ berulang-ulang sampai anda menemukan jawabannya.

Please translate this English REPORT into bahasa, which was excerpted from a daily English news paper set in Indonesia. To catch the message, just follow the instruction here below, and “Don’t try to peep the answer”: First, find out the subject of the sentence prior to doing translation, then, find out the predicate; if it is an active sentence, the predicate must be in the form of a verb or any word that explains an activity of the subject. If it is an inactive sentence – stating about status or condition, the predicate must be in the form of ‘to be’ or ‘linking verb’.

Terjemahkanlah LAPORAN berbahasa Inggris ini kedalam bahasa Indonesia, yang dikutip dari harian berbahasa Inggris yang terbit di Indonesia. Untuk menangkap pesannya, ikutilah instruksi dibawah ini, dan “Jangan coba mengintip jawabannya”: Pertama, temukan subyek dari kalimat tersebut sebelum menerjemahkannya, lalu, cari predikat-nya; jika kalimat aktif, predikatnya tentu berbentuk verb/kata kerja atau kata apapun yang menerangkan kegiatan suatu aktivitas dari subyek tersebut. Bila merupakan kalimat tidak aktif – yang menyatakan tentang status atau kondisi, predikat-nya tentu dalam bentuk ‘to be’ atau ‘linking verb/kata kerja penghubung’.

ACTIVITY NOUN



SUBJECT

VERB





DPR, after a three-day screening process through some lengthy selection hearings, conducted behind closed doors concerning ambassadorial nomination, whose result was still wrapped up by the House foreign affairs commission, seems to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees proposed by the government.

Do You get the message?

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE


SUBJECT

(PREPOSITION) NOUN





DPR, after a three-day screening process through some lengthy selection hearings, conducted behind closed doors concerning ambassadorial nomination, whose result was still wrapped up by the House foreign affairs commission, seems to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees proposed by the government. DPR

seems

to OK all the 20 ambassadorial nominees

It’s very simple, right? And this is the complete sentence: You may change the composition of sentence, but not the structure. Sederhana sekali, kan? Dan inilah kalimat lengkapnya: Anda boleh merubah komposisi kalimatnya, tetapi bukan strukturnya. Now, look at its alternative answer : Sekarang, lihatlah pilihan jawabannya Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya: Setelah proses penyaringan selama tiga hari melalui beberapa kali rapat dengar pendapat, yang dilaksanakan secara tertutup, berkaitan dengan pemilihan calon duta besar yang hasilnya masih dirahasiakan oleh komisi urusan luar negeri parlemen, DPR nampaknya akan menyetujui keseluruhan dari 20 calon duta besar yang diusulkan oleh pemerintah.

Now, please try again another exercise – Translation Sample 2. Still from English into bahasa Indonesia. The material is about IT. Just do it following the same steps.

Sekarang, silakan mencoba latihan lainnya – Latihan terjemahan 2. Masih dari bahasa Inggris ke bahasa Indonesia. Materinya tentang IT. Silakan kerjakan seperti langkah-langkah sebelumnya

ACTIVITY NOUN



SUBJECT

VERB





Meshing people directly with computers, from downloading memories into computer chips to replacing robotic limbs controlled by brain waves, has virtually, for some people, been a science fiction subject for years. Do You get the message?

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE


SUBJECT

(PREPOSITION) NOUN





This is the answer. And the complete sentence is as follows: Inilah jawabannya. Dan kalimat lengkapnya sebagai berikut : Meshing people directly with computers, from downloading memories into computer chips to replacing robotic limbs controlled by brain waves, has virtually, for some people, been a science fiction subject for years. Meshing people directly with computers

has

been

a science fiction subject

Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya: Menghubungkan manusia langsung dengan komputer, mulai dari mendownload memori ke dalam chipchip komputer sampai pada upaya mengganti anggota tubuh robotik yang dikendalikan oleh gelombang otak, nampaknya bagi sebagian orang telah menjadi keinginan/fiksi ilmiah selama bertahun-tahun

Now, we do exercise to translate from bahasa Indonesia into English – Translation Sample 3: (In this Source text, there is no clear subject. However, you can find the hidden subject lying before the complementary ‘adjective’ stating about the condition. An unidentified subject is always represented by the pronoun ‘it’).

Sekarang kita mengerjakan terjemahan dari bahasa Indonesia ke bahasa Inggris – Contoh terjemahan 3 : (Pada sumber ini, tidak ada subjek yang tampak jelas. Bagaimanapun, Anda dapat menemukan subjek tersembunyi sebelum ‘kata sifat’ pelengkap, yang menyatakan kondisi. Sebuah subjek yang tidak diketahui selalu ditunjukkan oleh kata ganti ‘it’). ACTIVITY NOUN



SUBJECT

VERB





“MOHON Doa Restu” (Excerpted from “Translating Material Exercises” at Hapsa et Studia) Selaras dengan kerendahan hati kami, kiranya akan sangat bermanfaat apabila tanda kasih yang diberikan, tidak berupa karangan bunga atau cenderamata. .

ACTIVITY NOUN

VERB

ADJECTIVE


SUBJECT

(PREPOSITION) NOUN





So the answer is alternatively as follows: Jadi, alternatif jawabannya sebagai berikut :

“MOHON Doa Restu” (Excerpted from “Translating Material Exercises” at Hapsa et Studia) Selaras dengan kerendahan hati kami, kiranya akan sangat bermanfaat apabila tanda kasih yang diberikan, tidak berupa karangan bunga atau cenderamata. it Your present/ token of love

would

be

very priceful /beneficial/ valuable

were

not in the form of bouquet nor gift

Alternatif terjemahan lengkapnya (modifiable): In line with our humbleness, it would be very beneficial if your present / token of love were not in the form of bouquet nor gift.

Those are all the exercises we can provide you here for the time being. However, if you think that you need to study more about translation or develop and improve your translation and teaching skills, you may get huge of translation materials and hundreds of exercises the same as those above samples by ways of as follows : 1.

Buying the book “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAH KAN” at Gramedia Bookstore or Yayasan Bina Edukasi dan Konsultasi (YBEK) Hapsa et Studia with 30% discount or at the time of joining a One-day Workshop for 40% discount, which will be held every month.

Demikianlah semua latihan yang kami bisa sajikan di sini. Namun demikian, jika menurut anda bahwa anda perlu belajar lebih dalam untuk mempelari dan mengembangkan kemampuan mengajar dan menerjemahkan, anda bisa mendapatkan bahan pelajaran dan ratusan teks latihan yang mirip dengan latihan di atas dengan cara sbb : 1.

Membeli buku “CARA MUDAH MENULIS dan MENERJEMAHKAN” di TB Gramedis atau di Yayasan Bina Edukasi dan Konsultasi (YBEK) Hapsa et Studia dengan diskon 30% atau pada saat Pelatihan Satu-hari dengan potongan harga 40%, yang akan diselenggarakan setiap bulan.

2.

Joining our Distance Learning (E-learning) Program. The lessons wil be sent every month to each of the students via email. This way is ve effective especially to those residing in a distant region or in a foreign country. Tariff of the package of study is US$ 1,- (Rp 10.000,-) per month, hence the total cost of 6 months study is US$ 6 (Rp 60.000,-

2.

Mengikuti Program Kursus Jarak jauh. Pelajaran akan dikirim setiap bulan kepada masing-masing siswa melalui email. Program ini sangat efectif terutama bagi mereka yang tinggal di tempat terpencil atau di luar negeri. Biaya modul (paket pelajaran) sebesar US$1 (Rp 10.000,-) per bulan, jadi total biaya untuk 6 bulan = US$ 6 (Rp 60.000,-).

Each package of Lesson consists of Grammar and Exercises including the explanations and answers. Examination fee is US$ 5 (Rp 50.000,-), Certificate fee (only for those who have passed the examination) is US$ 5 including the delivery cost to your national address. Certificate is provided by Hapsa et Studia Translation School (www.hapsa-studia.com). Payment can be made via paypal to [email protected] or to our appointed banks as shown here below (Payment is alterable either in US$ or in IDR).

Setiap paket pelajaran terdiri dari pelajaran Grammar dan Latihan (10 teks latihan) berikut jawaban dan penjelasannya. Biaya ujinan US$ 5 (Rp 50.000,-), Certifikat (hanya bagi mereka yang sudah lulus ujian) adalah US$ 5 (Rp 50.000,-) termasuk Biaya Pengiriman Dalam Negeri. Sertifikat diberikan oleh Lembaga Pendidikan Penerjemah Hapsa et Studia (www.hapsa-studia.com). Pembayaran dapat dilakukian melalui Paypal ke alamat [email protected] atau ditransfer ke Bank-bank yang kami tunjuk sebagaimana tertulis di bawah ini (pembayaran boleh dalam mata uang US$ maupun dalam IDR).

• •

1.

2.

1.

2.

Bank Mandiri, Acc. No.1230002075978 Yayasan Bina Edukasi dan Konsultasi (YBEK) Hapsa et Studia, or BCA Cabang Bogor, Acc. No.0950991160 in the name of Rachmat Effendi. If you consider that the monthly payment of distance learning is too small to be deposited in any of the banks, please pay for 6 month-package of the lesson plus the examination fee all at once. The lesson, however, will be sent every month. The class will be going on for six months and you can not take the examination earlier than the others in your group. New Class opens every month.

Kalau menurut anda pembayaran bulanan belajar jarak jauh tersebut terlalu kecil untuk disetorkan ke bank kami manapun, silakan membayar paket untuk enam bulan sekaligus, sudah termasuk biaya ujian. Namun demikian, materi pelajaran tetap akan dikirimkan per bulan. Kelas akan behrlangsung selama enam bulan, dan anda tidak dapat mengambil ujian lebih awal dari rekan-rekan anda di dalam Grup. Kelas baru dibuka setiap awal bulan.



The first Institute of English for Translating HAPSA et STUDIA HAPSA et STUDIA

Interpreting and Public Speaking in Indonesia

For faster response, please make a contact via: Email : [email protected] or [email protected] Mobile: 0817-811333 or 0816633937. (No SMS Contact will be responded) For more details : www.hapsa-studia.com



www.hapsa-studia.com [email protected]

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HAPSA et STUDIA. HAPSA et STUDIA. The first Institute of English for Translating Interpreting and Public Speaking in Indonesia

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