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Dostupnost fosforu pro rostliny z biologicky rozložitelných odpadů 12. ročník mezinárodní konference biologicky rozložitelné odpady 21. - 23. září 2016 v Náměšti nad Oslavou
Záhora J.
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Electrogenic or Hydrogen or Proton Pump * It transports hydrogen ions out of the cell. * The change of charge in the cells allows for the storage of ATP. * The voltage created across the membranes allows for other processes in the cell, including photosynthesis and cellular respiration. * It occurs in plants, fungi, and bacteria.
Membránové transportní systémy (a) Jednoduchý transport (b) Translokace skupiny (c) Systém ABC vazebný protein váže substanci k transportování (1), ta je transportována integrálním proteinem (2) a nutná energie je získána hydrolýzou ATP na proteinu (3)
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Amonná hnojiva
N2O
Urea CO(NH2)2
Amonifikace
Nitrátová hnojiva Hydrolýza
Zbytky rostlin a jiné organické vstupy
NH4 Amonifikace
N2
NH3
NH3
O2
+
Imobilizace
NO3-
Aerobní zóna
Půdní organická hmota
O2
N2O NO3-
NO2-
Anaerobní zóna
NO O
Vyplavování
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Atmosférické depozice SO2
Vstupy organických látek (methionin a cystein)
Síranová hnojiva
H2S
Mořské řasy (Emiliania huxleyi)
SO42-
Aerobní zóna
Aktivity mikroorganismů a produkce mikrobní biomasy
O2
Horninový zásobník S (pyrit)
Mineralizace
Anaerobní zóna
(CH3) 2S H2S
O2
Desulfurikace SO32Terestrický ekosystém
Anoxické sedimenty O
Oceánický ekosystém
Zásobníky Sklizeň Vstupy Výstupy
Povrchový odtok a eroze Primární minerály (apatit)
Organický P * mikrobiální, * zbytky rostlin a živočichů, * humus
Povrchy minerálů (jíly, oxidy Fe a Al, uhličitany) P v půdním roztoku HPO42-, H2PO4-
Sekundární sloučeniny (CaP, FeP, MnP, AlP)
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Jak zlepšit dostupnost živin v půdě,
http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop425/0032_talajtan/ch05s04.html
Jak zlepšit dostupnost živin v půdě,
http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop425/0032_talajtan/ch05s04.html
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Jak zlepšit dostupnost živin v půdě,
http://www.tankonyvtar.hu/en/tartalom/tamop425/0032_talajtan/ch05s04.html
Jak zlepšit dostupnost živin v půdě,
http://grabngrowsoil.com/gardening-how-to/understanding-basic-soil-chemistry/
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Zásobníky Sklizeň Vstupy Výstupy
Povrchový odtok a eroze Primární minerály (apatit)
Organický P * mikrobiální, * zbytky rostlin a živočichů, * humus
Povrchy minerálů (jíly, oxidy Fe a Al, uhličitany) P v půdním roztoku HPO42-, H2PO4-
Sekundární sloučeniny (CaP, FeP, MnP, AlP)
Weighing up the empirical information supporting either the historic or evidence-based interpretation of the nature of soil organic matter. A consolidated assessment of scientific evidence published over the past two decades provides explanations for the properties of alkaline extracts that do not require invoking the secondary synthesis of ‘humic substances’.
Lehmann, J., Kleber, M. (2015) The contentious nature of soil organic matter. , Vol 5 2 8 | Nature | 60-68
Lehmann, J., Kleber, M. (2015) The contentious nature of soil organic matter. , Vol 5 2 8 | Nature | 60-68
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A major aspect of the humic supramolecular conformation is that it is stabilized predominantly by weak dispersive forces instead of covalent linkages (Piccolo, 2001).
Here, for the first time, a complete range of physical states of a whole soil can be studied. This provides a more detailed understanding of soil organic matter at the molecular level itself key to develop the most efficient and agricultural techniques, and better predict carbon sequestration and climate change. Masoom Hussain et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 1670−1680
Here a novel form of NMR with capabilities to study all physical phases termed Comprehensive Multiphase NMR, is applied to analyze soil in its natural state. The key structural components in soil organic matter are identified to be largely composed of macromolecular inputs from degrading biomass. Polar lipid heads and carbohydrates dominate the soil−water interface while lignin and microbes are arranged in a more hydrophobic interior. Lignin domains cannot be penetrated by aqueous solvents even at extreme pH indicating they are the most hydrophobic environment in soil.
Masoom Hussain et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 1670−1680
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Masoom Hussain et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016, 50, 1670−1680
Concept of microbial hotspots in soil: Hotspots are small soil volumes with much higher process rates and intensive interactions compared to the average soil conditions. The Table inset represents the relative volume and process rates in the hotspots and bulk soil. “Mean” represents the weighted average process rates by soil mixing. Y. Kuzyakov, 186 E. Blagodatskaya / Soil Biology & Biochemistry 83 (2015) 184-199
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Mikrofotografie kořenové čepičky s mucilagem (kukuřice) (Zdroj: V. Sobolev, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture - ARS USDA)
Vylučování mucilagu a uvolňování buněk z kořenové čepičky na vrcholu kořene bavlníku, 30 sekund po ponoření do vody. Courtesy Gilberto Curlango-Rivera (University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona), et al. Read more at: http://phys.org/news/2013-09-secret-life-underground-microbes-root.html#jCp
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CnH2nOn
Nox Sox
Nox Norg
Sox
Pox
Norg
Pox
Nred
Nred
Živiny v půdním roztoku
CnH2nOn
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CnH2nOn
Extracelulární enzymy
Extracelulární enzymy
bacterial-feeders such as protozoa
food vacuoles (vesicles)
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Induction of lateral root growth
Predation accelerates microbial turnover
NH4+
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Enhanced biological phosphorus removal is widely used to remove phosphorus from wastewater. The process relies on polyphosphate accumulating organisms that are able to take up phosphorus in excess of what is needed for growth, whereby phosphorus can be removed from the wastewater by wasting the biomass. However, glycogen accumulating organisms may reduce the EBPR efficiency as they compete for substrates with PAOs, but do not store excessive amounts of polyphosphate. Composite FISH micrographs of activated sludge from the (A) lab-scale reactor and (B) the full-scale WWTP at Tarm, Denmark. In both images “Ca. Propionivibrio aalborgensis” cells appear white having hybridized with Prop207 (green), PAOmix (red) (A) PAO462+PAO846; (B) PAO462+PAO846+PAO651) and EUBmix (blue); “Ca. Accumulibacter sp.” appear magenta with their cells hybridizing the PAOmix and EUBmix probe sets; all other cells hybridized with EUB mix only and appear blue. Scale bar represents 20 µm.
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Děkuji za pozornost
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