DAFTAR ISI
JUDUL ..................................................................................................................... i LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................... ii PERNYATAAN..................................................................................................... iii KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... iv DAFTAR ISI .......................................................................................................... vi DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .............................................................................................. x ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. xi ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................ xii BAB I. PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................... 1 A. Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................ 1 B. Perumusan Masalah ....................................................................................... 6 C. Tujuan Penelitian ........................................................................................... 6 D. Manfaat Penelitian ......................................................................................... 6 1.
Manfaat akademis ................................................................................... 6
2.
Manfaat praktis ....................................................................................... 7
E. Keaslian Penelitian ........................................................................................ 7 BAB II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.......................................................................... 10 A. Telaah Pustaka ............................................................................................. 10 1.
Sumber daya manusia kesehatan .......................................................... 10
2.
Promosi kesehatan ................................................................................ 11
3.
Puskesmas............................................................................................. 12
4.
Jenis puskesmas .................................................................................... 13
5.
Lokasi dan topografi puskesmas........................................................... 14
6.
Pelatihan ............................................................................................... 16
7.
Program promosi kesehatan di puskesmas ........................................... 17
8.
Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan tenaga kesehatan ...... 21
B. Kerangka Teori ............................................................................................ 25 C. Kerangka Konsep......................................................................................... 26
vi
vii
D. Hipotesis Penelitian ..................................................................................... 26 BAB III. METODE PENELITIAN....................................................................... 27 A. Rancangan Penelitian................................................................................... 27 B. Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... 27 C. Unit Analisis dan Subjek Penelitian ............................................................ 27 D. Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ................................................................... 27 1.
Populasi ................................................................................................ 27
2.
Sampel .................................................................................................. 28
3.
Besar sampel ......................................................................................... 28
E. Variabel Penelitian....................................................................................... 28 F. Definisi Operasional .................................................................................... 29 G. Metode Pengumpulan Data.......................................................................... 30 H. Instrumen Penelitian .................................................................................... 30 I. Pengolahan dan Analisis Data ..................................................................... 31 1.
Pengolahan data .................................................................................... 31
2.
Analisis data ......................................................................................... 32
J. Etika Penelitian ............................................................................................ 33 K. Keterbatasan Penelitian ............................................................................... 34 BAB IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................ 36 A. Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................ 36 1.
Karakteristik responden penelitian ....................................................... 36
2.
Analisis univariabel .............................................................................. 37
3.
Analisis bivariabel ................................................................................ 47
4.
Analisis multivariabel ........................................................................... 49
B. Pembahasan ................................................................................................. 53 1.
Hubungan antara karakteristik jenis puskesmas dengan ketersediaan tenaga promosi kesehatan ..................................................................... 53
2.
Hubungan antara karakteristik lokasi dengan ketersediaan tenaga promosi kesehatan ................................................................................ 54
3.
Hubungan
antara
karakteristik
topografi
puskesmas
dengan
ketersediaan tenaga promosi kesehatan ................................................ 55
viii
4.
Hubungan antara karakteristik jenis puskesmas dengan ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promosi kesehatan...................................... 56
5.
Hubungan antara karakteristik lokasi dengan ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promosi kesehatan ................................................. 57
6.
Hubungan
antara
karakteristik
topografi
puskesmas
dengan
ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promosi kesehatan................. 58 7.
Hubungan antara ketersediaan tenaga dengan proses program promosi kesehatan .............................................................................................. 60
8.
Hubungan antara pelatihan dengan proses program promosi kesehatan .............................................................................................................. 62
BAB V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 64 A. Kesimpulan .................................................................................................. 64 B. Saran ............................................................................................................ 65 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 67 LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 71
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 1.
Indikator retensi tenaga kesehatan menurut Robyn, et al. (2015) ...... 24
Tabel 2.
Variabel penelitian dan definisi operasional ....................................... 29
Tabel 3.
Instrumen penelitian........................................................................... 31
Tabel 4.
Sebaran data responden ...................................................................... 37
Tabel 5.
Distribusi dan frekuensi variabel penelitian ...................................... 38
Tabel 6.
Analisis bivariabel variabel independen terhadap ketersediaan tenaga promosi kesehatan .............................................................................. 47
Tabel 7.
Analisis bivariabel variabel independen terhadap ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promkes ............................................................... 48
Tabel 8.
Analisis bivariabel variabel moderat terhadap variabel dependen .... 49
Tabel 9.
Analisis multivariabel variabel independen terhadap ketersediaan tenaga promkes ................................................................................... 50
Tabel 10._Analisis multivariabel variabel independen terhadap ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promkes ................................................... 51 Tabel 11. Analisis multivariabel variabel moderat terhadap proses program promkes .............................................................................................. 52
ix
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 1. Proporsi rumah tangga melakukan PHBS menurut 10 indikator data Riskesdas 2013 .................................................................................. 5 Gambar 2. Sumber daya manusia kesehatan dan universal health coverage (adaptation from the Tanahashi framework on evaluating health systems) ............................................................................................ 22 Gambar 3. Kerangka teori diadopsi dari model Robyn, et al. (2015) dan Zurn, et al. (2004) dan Donabedian, dalam Rifaskes 2011 ........................... 25 Gambar 4.
Kerangka konsep .............................................................................. 26
Gambar 5.
Sebaran puskesmas berdasarkan regional wilayah Indonesia .......... 36
Gambar 6.
Peta ketersediaan tenaga promkes per kabupaten/kota .................... 40
Gambar 7.
Peta rasiotenaga promkes per 10.000 penduduk .............................. 41
Gambar 8.
Peta rasio tenaga promkes per luas wilayah (1.000 km2) ................ 42
Gambar 9.
Peta ketersediaan tenaga pelaksana program promkes .................... 43
Gambar 10. Peta rasio tenaga pelaksana program promkes per 10.000 jumlah penduduk .......................................................................................... 44 Gambar 11. Peta rasio tenaga pelaksana program promkes per luas wilayah (1.000 km2) ................................................................................................. 45
x
