BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN
6.1. Kesimpulan Mengacu pada hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan berkaitan dengan analisis pengaruh suhu, pencahayaan, dan kebisingan terhadap performansi short term memory dapat diambil kesimpulan: a. Suhu berpengaruh pada performansi short term memory. Suhu
tidak
berpengaruh
tingkat
kesalahan
memory.
Suhu
pada Waktu
waktu
memberi
reaksi
reaksi
dalam
secara
signifikan
performansi
pengaruh
secara
performansi short
performansi
short
short
term
pada term
signifikan
term
memory.
memory
pada
suhu 160C yaitu 38,176 msec, suhu 230C yaitu 29,212 msec, suhu 280C yaitu 32,691 msec. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut
diketahui
bahwa
performansi
short
term
0
memory terbaik pada saat suhu 23 C dan performansi short term memory terendah pada suhu 160C. b. Pencahayaan tidak memberi pengaruh secara signifikan pada performansi short term memory, baik dari segi tingkat kesalahan maupun waktu reaksi. c. kebisingan tidak memberi pengaruh secara signifikan pada performansi short term memory, baik dari segi tingkat kesalahan maupun waktu reaksi. d. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara suhu dan pencahayaan dalam memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap performansi short term memory. e. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara suhu dan kebisingan dalam memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap performansi short term memory.
f.
Tidak
terdapat
kebisingan
interaksi
dalam
antara
memberikan
pencahayaan pengaruh
dan yang
signifikan terhadap performansi short term memory. g. Tidak terdapat interaksi antara suhu, pencahayaan, dan
kebisingan
dalam
memberikan
pengaruh
yang
signifikan terhadap performansi short term memory.
6.2. Saran Dari hasil penelitian dan kesimpulan yang telah diambil dalam penelitian ini, ada beberapa saran yang dapat diberikan, yaitu: a. Pada
penelitian
ini
yang
diperhatikan
adalah
pengaruh faktor eksternal (suhu, pencahayaan, dan kebisingan),
pada
penelitian
dilakukan
penelitian
eksternal
selain
dengan
dalam
selanjutnya
memperhatikan
penelitian
atau
dapat faktor faktor
internal. b. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat memberikan multi task pada subyek penelitian saat recall daya ingat. c. Penelitian lebih lanjut dapat dikembangkan dengan memvariasikan kapasitas short term memory dan jenis memory yang diingat (gambar, huruf, warna).
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Bailey, Robert W., 1995, Human Performance engineering, second edition, Prentice Hall international inc. Bridger,
R.S.,
1995,
Introduction
to
Ergonomics,
McGraw-Hill Companies, United States of America. Christoper
dan
Justin,
2000,
Engineering
Psychology and Human Performance, third edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey. Claudette dan Emmanuelle, 2002, Short Term Memory and Time
Estimation.
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Proquest.com
(diakses
tanggal 13 Januari 2009) Diana, 2002, Analisis Pengaruh Jenis dan Warna Terhadap Kecepatan
Baca,
Fakultas
Teknologi
Industri,
Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta. Dix, A., Finlay, J., Abowd, G., Beale, R., 1998, HumanComputer Interaction, Prentice hall. Eriyanto, 2007, Teknik Sampling Analisis Opini Publik, LKis, Yogyakarta. Ingrid dan Yuhong, 2004, Visual Short Term Memory Is Not
Improved
by
Training.
www.proquest.com
(diakses tanggal 13 Januari 2009). Mustafa,
H.,
2000,
Teknik
Sampling,
http://home.unpar.ac.id/~hasan/SAMPLING
(diakses
tanggal 27 Februari 2009) Pulat,
M.B.,
Ergonomics,
1992,
Fundamentals
Prentice
Hall
of
Industrial
International,
Inc.,
United States of America. Robert, Jane, dan Nickolai, 2007, The Effects of Old Age
and
Prospective
Distraction Memory
in
On
The
Assessment
Simulated
of
Naturalistic
Environment. www. Proquest.com (diakses tanggal 13 Maret 2009) Santoso,
S.,
2001,
SPSS
versi
10.0,
Elex
Media
Komputindo, Jakarta. Sekaran, U., 1992, Research Methods for Business, 2nd Edition, Jhon Wiley & Sons, New York. Siau, K., 2005, human-computer interaction: The Effect of
Application
Visualization, system.
Domain
Journal
Knowledge
of
www.proquest.com
computer (diakses
on
Icon
information tanggal
13
Januari 2009) Sudjana, 1991, Desain dan Analisis Eksperimen, Penerbit Tarsito, Bandung. Tarwaka, Bakri, S., dan Sudiajeng, L., 2004, Ergonomi untuk
Kesehatan,
Produktivitas,
Keselamatan
Cetakan
Pertama,
Kerja UNIBA
dan Press,
Surakarta. Walpole, R.E. and Myers, R.H., 1995, Ilmu Peluang Dan Statistika
Untuk
Insiyur
dan
keempat, Penerbit ITB, Bandung.
Ilmuwan,
Edisi
Lampiran 1 : Data Diri No. Koresponden :…………. Dalam rangka penelitian Tugas Akhir yang bertema PENGARUH SUHU, KEBISINGAN, DAN PENCAHAYAAN TERHADAP PERFORMANSI SHORT TERM MEMORY, maka saya yang melakukan penelitian Nama :Khatarina Ayu Ratnasari NIM :05 06 04545 Program :Teknik Industri Universitas Atma Jaya Yogyakarta Mohon kesediaan Saudara/Saudari untuk mengisi data diri berikut ini Data Diri Subjek
Nama : Usia : NIM/Prog. Studi : 1. Jenis Kelamin Pria Wanita 2. Indeks Prestasi Kumulatif (IPK) ≤ 1,99 2,00-2,49 2,50-2,99 3,00 3. Apakah anda mengalami keluhan pada penglihatan Tidak Ya, Jelaskan: (jika jawaban ‘tidak’ langsung menuju pertanyaan no.6) 4. Apakah anda menggunakan alat bantu untuk mengatasi keluhan pada penglihatan anda Tidak Ya, Jelaskan: 5. Apakah dengan alat bantu yang anda gunakan, anda dapat melihat dengan jelas Tidak Ya
6. Apakah anda mengalami keluhan pada pendengaran Tidak Ya, Jelaskan: (jika jawaban ‘tidak’ anda tidak perlu mengisi no selanjutnya) 7. Apakah anda menggunakan alat bantu untuk mengatasi keluhan pada pendengaran anda Tidak Ya, Jelaskan: 8. Apakah dengan alat bantu yang anda gunakan, anda dapat mendengar dengan jelas Tidak Ya
Lampiran 2 : Data Penelitian Pendahuluan (replikasi)
Replikasi
20
30
40
Jumlah salah (digit) 1 1 0 2 1 0 4 0 1 3 0 0 3 0 2 3 0 0
Waktu Reaksi (msec) 21,567 21 31,733 19,533 18 21,667 21 20,067 17,867 29,6 23,333 24,267 20,667 23,767 32,1667 37,667 27,5 23,567
Waktu 27.55578 msec 22.25 msec
22.689 msec
20
30
40
Lampiran 4 : Uji Homogenitas Kesalahan Short Term Memory Calculated from data. b. Test a. distribution is Normal. .548 .798 -.047 .089 .089 9.23851 33.38179
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Negative Positive Absolute Std. Deviation Mean a,b
Differences Most Extreme Normal Parameters N
81 WAKTU
One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
NPar Tests Lampiran 3 : Uji Kenormalan Kesalahan Short Term Memory
2
.281
78
1.290
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean SALAH
.941
2 2 df2
SALAH
73.689 2
27
200
59
.395
27
500
8
53
78 78
27
750 57
.394 .246 Sig.
CAHAYA N=
-2 0 2 4 6 10 12 14
.941 1.427 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
200 500 750 SALAH CAHAYA
Case Processing Summary
CAHAYA Explore
.872 .448
.954 1.162 5.00 12 12 0 3.23 10.410 2.00 2.59 4.17
.62 .872 .448
1.61 2.89 1.145 1.174 4.00 10 10 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.66 7.097 2.00 2.35 3.65
.51 .872 .448
1.54 2.59 1.019 .882 3.00 10 10 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.47 6.103 3.00 3.05 4.20
.48
2.24 3.22 Std. Error Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 200 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 500 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 750 SALAH CAHAYA
Descriptives
2
.330
78
1.126
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean SALAH
.759
2 2 df2
SALAH
63.163 2
27
50
.472
27
60
78 78
27
70 53
14
.472 .294 Sig.
BISING N=
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Boxplots .759 1.244 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
50 60 70 BISING
SALAH
Case Processing Summary
BISING
.872 .448
-.821 .468 5.00 10 10 0 2.94 8.641 3.00 3.30 4.61
.57 .872 .448
2.28 3.44 2.826 1.667 4.00 12 12 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
3.06 9.336 1.00 2.17 3.73
.59 .872 .448
1.31 2.52 2.160 1.045 3.00 10 10 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.31 5.353 2.00 2.56 3.66
.45
1.83 2.74 Std. Error Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 50 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 60 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 70 BISING
SALAH
Descriptives
2
.274
78
1.317
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean SALAH
1.156
2 2 df2
SALAH
72.307 2
27
16
.321
27
23
78 78
27
28 53
14
.320 .275 Sig.
SUHU N=
-2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Boxplots 1.156 1.314 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
16 23 28 SUHU
SALAH
Case Processing Summary
SUHU
Lampiran 5 : Uji ANOVA Kesalahan Short Term Memory .872 .448
-.823 .456 5.00 10 10 0 3.04 9.251 3.00 3.45 4.80
.59 .872 .448
2.39 3.59 2.843 1.529 4.00 12 12 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.89 8.353 2.00 2.44 3.88
.56 .872 .448
1.60 2.74 2.928 1.302 4.00 10 10 0
Upper Bound Lower Bound
2.32 5.396 2.00 2.15 3.29
.45
1.45 2.37 Std. Error Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 16 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 23 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 28 SUHU
SALAH
Descriptives
NPar Tests Lampiran 6 : Uji Kenormalan Waktu Reaksi Short Term Memory R Squared = .307 (Adjusted R Squared = a.
7.951
.602 1.606 .717 1.334 .793 .337 85.753 .919 F
.662 .186 .584 .272 .457 .715 .000 .583 Sig.
.906
.518
7.207
80 81 54 8
4.790 4 12.772 4 5.698 4 10.605 2 6.309 2 2.679 2 681.790 1 7.303 26 Mean Square df
a
619.210 1301.000 429.333
Corrected Total Total Error * SUHU CAHAYA * BISING BISING * SUHU CAHAYA * SUHU CAHAYA * BISING SUHU BISING CAHAYA Intercept Corrected Model Source
57.654 19.160 51.086 22.790 21.210 12.617 5.358 681.790 189.877 of Squares Type III Sum
Dependent Variable: SALAH Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
16 3 23 2 28 1 50 3 60 2 70 1 200 3 500 2 750 1 Value Label
N
SUHU
BISING
CAHAYA
Between-Subjects Factors
Univariate Analysis of Variance
Explore CAHAYA Lampiran 7 : Uji Homogenitas Waktu Reaksi Short Term Memory Calculated from data. b. Test a. distribution is Normal. .548 .798 -.047 .089 .089 9.23851 33.38179
Negative Positive Absolute Std. Deviation Mean a,b
81
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) Kolmogorov-Smirnov Z Differences Most Extreme Normal Parameters N
WAKTU One-Sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test
2
.980
78
.020
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean WAKTU
.019
2 2 df2
WAKTU
68.795 2
27
200
.981
27
500
78 78
27
750
9 21
.981 .990 Sig.
CAHAYA N=
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
.019 .010 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
200 500 750 WAKTU CAHAYA
Case Processing Summary
.872 .448
2.610 1.326 10.96700 44.600 64.133 19.533 9.96901 99.381 31.73300 32.46300 37.20405
29.31684 1.91854 33.26044 .872 -.582 .448 .351 14.66700 33.033 50.900 17.867 8.72489 76.124 30.06300 30.67249 34.38960 27.48670 1.67911 30.93815 .872 -.265 .448 .554 12.03300 33.367 55.967 22.600 8.60594 74.062 34.73300 35.63269 39.35117
1.65621 Std. Error
32.54238 35.94678 Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 200 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 500 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 750 WAKTU CAHAYA
Descriptives
2
.960
78
.041
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean WAKTU
.043
2 2 df2
WAKTU
67.583 2
27
50
.957
27
60
78 78
27
70 75 21
.957 .955 Sig.
BISING N=
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Boxplots .043 .046 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
50 60 70 BISING
WAKTU
Case Processing Summary
BISING
.872 .448
-.054 .555 12.10000 34.967 55.967 21.000 9.36027 87.615 34.10000 34.31519 38.40154
30.99594 1.80139 34.69874 .872 -.731 .448 .070 13.43300 30.833 50.900 20.067 8.13201 66.130 34.96700 34.42654 37.70680
1.56501 .872 .448
31.27297 34.48989 3.853 1.574 10.16600 46.266 64.133 17.867 9.98439 99.688 30.50000 30.04391 34.90643
1.92150 Std. Error
27.00705 30.95674 Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 50 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 60 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 70 BISING
WAKTU
Descriptives
2
.099
78
2.381
Based on trimmed mean with adjusted df Based on Median and Based on Median Based on Mean WAKTU
2.344
2 2 df2
WAKTU
66.443 2
27
16
.104
27
23
78 78
27
28 9
.103 .080 Sig.
SUHU N=
10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Boxplots 2.344 2.613 Statistic Levene
df1
Test of Homogeneity of Variance 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Total
.0% 0 .0% 0 .0% 0 Percent N Missing Cases
100.0% 27 100.0% 27 100.0% 27 Percent N Valid
16 23 28 SUHU
WAKTU
Case Processing Summary
SUHU
Lampiran 8 : Uji ANOVA Waktu Reaksi Short Term Memory .872 .448
-.100 .509 15.06700 43.466 64.133 20.667 10.61828 112.748 37.46700 37.78498 42.37564
33.97473 2.04349 38.17519 .872 -.836 .448 .291 10.16600 23.100 42.633 19.533 6.71547 45.098 30.06300 29.02155 31.86870 26.55559 1.29239 29.21215 .872 .537 .448 .243 10.30000 34.966 52.833 17.867 7.90260 62.451 31.93300 32.60784 35.88420
1.52086 Std. Error
29.63187 32.75804 Statistic
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Upper Bound Lower Bound
Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 16 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 23 Kurtosis Skewness Interquartile Range Range Maximum Minimum Std. Deviation Variance Median 5% Trimmed Mean Interval for Mean 95% Confidence Mean 28 SUHU
WAKTU
Descriptives
55.910 100.998
80 81 54
1.460 81.644 4 2.112 118.061 4 2.342 130.934 4 9.840 550.147 2 2.135 119.382 2 3.034 169.631 2 1614.411 90261.857 1 2.620 146.495 26 F Mean Square df
.227 .092 .066 .000 .128 .056 .000 .001 Sig.
1.806
.096
8
a
6828.004 97089.860 3019.145 807.985 326.574 472.245 523.735 1100.294 238.764 339.262 90261.857 3808.859 of Squares Type III Sum
R Squared = .558 (Adjusted R Squared = . a. Corrected Total Total Error * SUHU CAHAYA * BISING BISING * SUHU CAHAYA * SUHU CAHAYA * BISING SUHU BISING CAHAYA Intercept Corrected Model Source Dependent Variable: WAKTU Tests of Between-Subjects Effects
27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27 27
16 3 23 2 28 1 50 3 60 2 70 1 200 3 500 2 750 1 Value Label
N
SUHU
BISING
CAHAYA
Between-Subjects Factors
Univariate Analysis of Variance