BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

``

BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1. Kesimpulan Melalui

proses

penelitian

yang

telah

dilakukan

diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan adalah sebagai berikut: 1. Masukan dari penelitian ini berasal dari keinginan pelanggan

(customer

requirement)

melalui

proses

wawancara

gendong

semi-otomatis.

yang

diperoleh

dengan

pengguna

Keinginan

dari

sprayer

pelanggan

tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: a) Alat

harus

efisien,

mempunyai

sehingga

penggunaan

operator

tenaga

tidak

yang

menderita

kelelahan fisik setelah penggunaan alat. b) Kualitas

semprot

sesuai

standar

dan

dapat

menjangkau jarak 6 meter secara horisontal. c) Alat harus mudah digunakan d) Mempunyai perawatan yang mudah, mudah dibongkar pasang

dan

mempunyai

suku

cadang

yang

mudah

didapat di pasaran. e) Alat mampu digunakan untuk penyemprotan selama 5 jam. f) Mempunyai harga yang murah dengan kisaran harga Rp

400.000,00 - Rp 600.000,00.

2. Penelitian

dilakukan

dengan

menggunakan

kombinasi

metode QFD dan TRIZ dengan output berupa ide kreatif berdasarkan

40

inventive

128

principle

yang

menjadi

``

acuan

peneliti

dalam

merancang

produk.

Ide-ide

tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: a) Tali-tali

pengencang

tangki

pada

tas

dan

tali

gendong bisa diatur sesuai kebutuhan operator. b) Menggunakan tangki berkapasitas besar (20L). c) Membuat alat yang disertai panduan manual operasi. d) Membatasi tanggungan beban bawaan operator secara instruktif

sesuai

standar,

dan

melakukan

aksi

periodik (membawa beban sebanyak satu tangki atau kurang

dan

mengisi

bila

habis

secara

berulang-

ulang). e) Menggunakan

pipa

mendapatkan

besi

kekuatan

sebagai dari

rangka

baja

tas

untuk

untuk

menopang

beban bawaan. f) Mengganti

sistem

pompa

mekanik

dengan

pompa

listrik DC. g) Menggunakan komponen standar Sprayer gendong semiotomatis dan komponen pendukung yang sudah ada di pasaran. h) Menggunakan

tangki

dari

jerigen

berbahan

High

Density Polyethylene (HDPE). i) Membuat

alat

memisahkan menyatukannya

yang

mudah

dibongkar-pasang,

komponen-komponen dengan

yang

penghubung

ada

dan

(connector

&

adaptor). Rancangan

akhir

yang

dibuat

oleh

peneliti

berdasarkan implementasi hasil TRIZ adalah berupa gambar

desain

elektrik.

dan

satu

Spesifikasi

unit alat

berikut:

129

alat ini

sprayer adalah

pupuk

sebagai

``

1.

Alat ini menggunakan pompa elektrik yang bekerja pada tegangan 12 volt arus searah dari aki motor yang berkapasitas 10 amperehour (AH).

2.

Durasi

penggunaan

alat

maksimum

secara

terus

menerus adalah 3,12 jam pada debit minimum yaitu 10,67 ml/detik. 3.

Tangki pupuk menggunakan jerigen berkapasitas 20 liter dengan pengisian maksimum hingga 17 liter.

4.

Penopang berat tangki menggunakan rangka dari bahan pipa besi berdiameter 1/2‖ dengan ketebalan 1,2 mm yang dapat menahan beban 25 kg dengan aman.

5.

Berat Kosong alat sebesar 7 Kg termasuk aki.

6.

Dimensi sprayer panjang x lebar x tinggi adalah 356mm x 360mm x437mm.

7.

Komponen sprayer menggunakan komponen standar yang mudah di dapat di pasaran.

8.

Komponen sprayer terpisah dan dapat dirakit dengan perantara

konektor

standar

sehingga

memudahkan

proses perawatan. 9.

Tali-tali

pengencang

pada

tangki

dan

juga

tali

gendong dapat di atur (adjustable). 10. Sprayer

pupuk

elektrik

ini

biaya sebesar Rp 617.200,00

130

dibuat

dengan

total

``

Gambar 4.2 Sprayer Pupuk Elektrik. 3. Pengujian Sprayer pupuk elektrik dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui apakah Sprayer yang sudah dibuat dapat memenuhi permintaan pelanggan (voice of customer) dan juga mengetahui secara aktual jika ada kekurangan atau ketidaksempurnaan pada alat yang sudah dibuat. Hasil pengujian yang didapat dari penilaian lima orang responden pengujian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut.

131

``

Tabel 4.5 Hasil Pengujian

No

Hasil Pengujian Responden ke1 2 3 4 5

Atribut

1

Penggunaan tenaga yang efisien

2

Kualitas dan kemampuan Semprot yang baik

5

5

5

5

5

3

Praktis digunakan

5

5

3

3

5

4

5 6

5

Punya durabilitas penggunaan yang baik Harga terjangkau

hasil

5

5

5

Tidak perlu memompa Kualitas semprot sama dengan srayer gendong semi-otomatis Bisa menjangkau area tengah sawah dengan jarak hingga 7 meter Penyemprotan bisa dilakukan dengan satu tangan Dapat menghidupkan pompa dan membuka katup dengan satu gerakan saja komponen bisa di bongkarpasang dengan mudah

Perawatan Mudah

Dari

5

Keterangan

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

5

Bisa dipakai lebih dari 4 jam dengan tekanan konstan

5

5

5

5

5

Harga masih bisa dijangkau pada kisaran Rp620.000,00

pengujian

Isi-ulang aki mudah Komponen mudah dicari di pasaran

tersebut

diemukan

beberapa

permasalahan terkai dengan kemudahan penggunaan alat. masalah yang pertama adalah diperlukannya penambahan skala

volume

mempermudah Permasalahan

kasar

perkiraaan berikutnya

pada

bagian

besar adalah

volume

tangki isi

tentang

untuk tangki.

penggunaan

kapasitas tangki yang tidak maksimal terait dengan berat alat saat terisi penuh.

132

``

6.2. Saran Sprayer pupuk elektrik yang dibuat peneliti sudah memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan namun, akan lebih bagus jika dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjun mengenai metode pembawaan alat dan juga ergonomi sprayer ini.

133

``

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

Dieter, G. E., & Schmidt, L. C. (2009). Engineering Design. New York: McGraw-Hill. Eversheim,

W.

(2009).

Innovation

Management

for

Technical Products. Berlin: Springer. Ghufrani,

M.

Galon

S.

ke

(2010).

Perancangan

Dispenser

Axiomatic

Design.

Alat

Pengangkut

dengan

Pendekatan

Metode

Surakarta:

Universitas

Sebelas

Maret. Gygi, C., DeCarlo, N., & Williams, B. (2005). Six Sigma for Dummies. Indianapolis: Willey Publishing, Inc. Jatnika,

I.

(2011,

Desember

Mei

10).

Saturday,

Document.

2012,

Retrieved

from

Scribd:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/55071979/Sprayer Kastaman,

R.,

Aplikasi

Daradjat, Alat

W.,

&

Penyemprot

Santosa,

E.

(2002).

Listrik-Statik

Butiran

Terkontrol. Bandung: TTG LPM UNPAD. Laksmi, A., Pratiwi, S. G., & Sudiarno, A. (2010). Perancangan

Ulang

Kompor

Bioetanol

dengan

Pendekatan Metode Quality function Deployment (QFD) dan

Teoriya

(TRIZ).

Resheniya

Surabaya:

Izobretatelskikh

Institut

November (ITS).

134

Teknologi

Zadatch Sepuluh

``

Maspary.

(2010,

Desember

Mei

5,

13).

2012,

2010 from

Document. Gerbang

Retrieved Pertanian:

http://www.gerbangpertanian.com/2010/04/metodepemupukan-pada-tanaman.html Panitia

Teknis

Pemeliharaan Otomatis.

21-01.

(2008).

Tanaman

Jakarta:

-

Badan

SNI

Sprayer

4513:2008 Gendong

Standardisasi

Alat Semi-

Nasional

(BSN). Rantanen, K., & Domb, E. (2002). Simplified TRIZ New Problem-Solving Manufacturing

Applications Professionals.

Press.

135

for

Engineers

Florida:

St.

and Lucie

Weight of stationary object

3

Length of moving object

4

Length of stationary object

5

Area of moving object

6

Area of stationary object

7

Volume of moving object

8

Volume of stationary object

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17

+

8, 15, 29, 34

19

Use of energy by moving object

20

Use of energy by stationary object

21

Power

22

Loss of Energy

23

Loss of substance

24

Loss of Information

+

2, 17, 29, 4

18, 13, 1, 28 13, 29, 10, 18 15, 10, 26, 3 26, 39, 1, 40 40, 26, 27, 1

17, 19, 9, 36 35, 10, 36 29, 34, 5, 4 13, 15, 1, 28 1, 15, 8, 35 2, 19, 9

7, 14, 17, 4 +

1, 7, 4, 17

+

35, 8, 2, 14 29, 30, 7, 29, 34 34 19, 10, 1, 18, 15, 9, 28, 10 15 36, 37 12, 37 35, 1, 10, 15, 10, 15, 6, 35, 10 14, 16 36, 28 36, 37 13, 14, 5, 34, 4, 14, 4, 10, 7 10 15, 22 28, 10, 37 2, 11, 13 39 19, 39 15, 14, 3, 34, 9, 40, 10, 15, 28, 26 40, 29 28 14, 7 10, 2, 3, 17, 19 19, 30

6, 27, 1, 40, 35 19, 16 22, 35, 3, 35, 15, 19, 9 15, 19, 9 32 39, 18 19, 32, 19, 32, 19, 1, 32 2, 35, 32 16 26 12,18,28 15, 19, 12, 28 ,31 25 19, 9, 6, 27 8, 36, 19, 26, 1, 10, 19, 38 38, 31 17, 27 35, 37 15, 6, 19, 6, 7, 2, 6, 15, 26, 6, 38, 7 19, 28 18, 9 13 17, 30 35, 6, 35, 6, 14, 29, 10, 35, 2, 23, 40 22, 32 10, 39 28,24 10, 31 10, 24, 10, 35, 5 1, 26 26 30, 26 35

136

7, 17, 4, 35

+

1, 7, 4, 35

13, 14, 8

7 29, 2, 40, 28

17, 7, 10, 40

26, 7, 9, 39

19, 14

6

35, 30, 13, 2

+

30, 2, 14, 18

35, 10, 19, 14

5 29, 17, 38, 34

15, 17, 4

14, 15, 18, 4

2, 26, 29, 40


Length of stationary object 4

10, 1, 29, 35

35, 28, 40, 29

2, 28, 13, 38 8, 1, 37, Force (Intensity) 18 10, 36, Stress or pressure 37, 40 8, 10, Shape 29, 40 21, 35, Stability of the object's composition 2, 39 1, 8, 40, Strength 15 19, 5, Duration of action of moving object 34, 31 Duration of action by stationary object 36,22, 6, Temperature 38 Illumination intensity

3 15, 8, 29,34

+

Speed

18


2


2

1


Weight of moving object


Improving Feature

1


Worsening Feature

35, 38

34, 39, 40, 18 2, 13, 10 35, 13, 18

17, 32, 35, 6, 38 13, 38 17, 7, 7, 18, 23 30, 18 10, 18, 1, 29, 39, 31 30, 36 30, 16

28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

137



Area of moving object 5 26, 4, 5, 16 15, 14, 29 17, 10, 14, 16 26, 28, 32, 3 28, 33, 29, 32 22, 1, 33, 28 17, 2, 18, 39 13, 1, 26, 12 1, 17, 13, 16 15, 13, 32 35, 30, 29, 7 14, 1, 13, 16 2, 13, 18, 17 17, 14, 13 10, 26, 34, 31


27

1 2 3 4 10, 20, 10, 20, 30, 24, 15, 2, 29 Loss of Time 37, 35 26, 5 14, 5 35, 6, 27, 26, 29, 14, Quantity of substance/the matter 18, 31 18, 35 35, 18 3, 8, 10, 3, 10, 8, 15, 9, 15, 29, Reliability 40 28 14, 4 28, 11 32, 35, 28, 35, 28, 26, 32, 28, Measurement accuracy 26, 28 25, 26 5, 16 3, 16 28, 32, 28, 35, 10, 28, 2, 32, 10 Manufacturing precision 13, 18 27, 9 29, 37 22, 21, 2, 22, 17, 1, 1, 18 Object-affected harmful factors 27, 39 13, 24 39, 4 19, 22, 35, 22, 17, 15, Object-generated harmful factors 15, 39 1, 39 16, 22 28, 29, 1, 27, 1, 29, 15, 17, Ease of manufacture 15, 16 36, 13 13, 17 27 25, 2, 6, 13, 1, 1, 17, Ease of operation 13, 15 25 13, 12 2, 27 2, 27, 1, 28, 3, 18, 31 Ease of repair 35, 11 35, 11 10, 25 1, 6, 15, 19, 15, 35, 1, 1, 35, 16 Adaptability or versatility 8 29, 16 29, 2 26, 30, 2, 26, 1, 19, 26 Device complexity 34, 36 35, 39 26, 24 27, 26, 6, 13, 16, 17, 26 Difficulty of detecting and measuring 28, 13 28, 1 26, 24 28, 26, 28, 26, 14, 13, 23 Extent of automation 18, 35 35, 10 17, 28 35, 26, 28, 27, 18, 4, 30, 7, Productivity 24, 37 15, 3 28, 38 14, 26


26


Improving Feature

25


Worsening Feature

6 10, 35, 17, 4 2, 18, 40, 4 32, 35, 40, 4 26, 28, 32, 3 2, 29, 18, 36 27, 2, 39, 35 22, 1, 40

7 2, 5, 34, 10 15, 20, 29 3, 10, 14, 24

16, 40 18, 16, 15, 39 16, 25 15, 16 6, 36

32, 13, 6 32, 23, 2 22, 23, 37, 35 17, 2, 40 13, 29, 1, 40 1, 16, 35, 15 25, 2, 35, 11 15, 35, 29 34, 26, 6

2, 39, 29, 1, 4, 30, 16 16 35, 13, 16 10, 35, 2, 6, 34, 17, 7 10

8 1


2


3


4


5


6


7


8


9

Speed

10

Force (Intensity)

2, 36, 18, 37

11

Stress or pressure

35, 24

12

Shape

7, 2, 35

13

Stability of the object's composition

14

Strength

15

Duration of action of moving object

16

Duration of action by stationary object

35, 34, 38

17

Temperature

35, 6, 4

18

Illumination intensity

19


20


21

Power

30, 6, 25

22

Loss of Energy

7

23

Loss of substance

3, 39, 18, 31

24

Loss of Information

2, 22

5, 35, 14, 2

35, 8, 2,14

+

34, 28, 35, 40 9, 14, 17, 15

138

9 10 11 12 13 2, 8, 15, 8, 10, 10, 36, 10, 14, 1, 35, 38 18, 37 37, 40 35, 40 19, 39 8, 10, 13, 29, 13, 10, 26, 39, 19, 35 10, 18 29, 14 1, 40 17, 10, 1, 8, 10, 1, 8, 15, 13, 4, 8 1, 8, 35 4 29 34 1, 14, 13, 14, 39, 37, 28, 10 35 15, 7 35 29, 30, 19, 30, 10, 15, 5, 34, 11, 2, 4, 34 35, 2 36, 28 29, 4 13, 39 1, 18, 10, 15, 2, 38 35, 36 36, 37 29, 4, 15, 35, 6, 35, 1, 15, 28, 10, 38, 34 36, 37 36, 37 29, 4 1, 39 2, 18, 34, 28, 24, 35 7, 2, 35 37 35, 40 13, 28, 6, 18, 35, 15, 28, 33, + 15, 19 38, 40 18, 34 1, 18 13, 28, 18, 21, 10, 35, 35, 10, + 15, 12 11 40, 34 21 36, 35, 35, 4, 35, 33, 6, 35, 36 + 21 15, 10 2, 40 35, 15, 35, 10, 34, 15, 33, 1, + 34, 18 37, 40 10, 14 18, 4 33, 15, 10, 35, 2, 35, 22, 1, + 28, 18 21, 16 40 18, 4 8, 13, 10, 18, 10, 3, 10, 30, 13, 17, 26, 14 3, 14 18, 40 35, 40 35 19, 2, 19, 3, 14, 26, 3, 35, 5 13, 3, 35 16 27 28, 25 39, 3, 35, 23 2, 28, 35, 10, 35, 39, 14, 22, 1, 35, 32 36, 30 3, 21 19, 2 19, 32 10, 13, 26, 19, 32, 30 32, 3, 27 19 6 16, 26, 23, 14, 19, 13, 8, 35, 35 12, 2, 29 21, 2 25 17, 24 27, 4, 36, 37 29, 18 26, 2, 22, 10, 29, 14, 35, 32, 15, 35, 2 36, 35 35 2, 40 15, 31 16, 35, 14, 2, 36, 38 38 39, 6 10, 13, 14, 15, 3, 36, 29, 35, 2, 14, 28, 38 18, 40 37, 10 3, 5 30, 40 26, 32

Strength


Shape

Stress or pressure

Force (Intensity)

Speed

Improving Feature


Worsening Feature

14 28, 27, 18, 40 28, 2, 10, 27 8, 35, 29, 34 15, 14, 28, 26 3, 15, 40, 14 40 9, 14, 15, 7 9, 14, 17, 15 8, 3, 26, 14 35, 10, 14, 27 9, 18, 3, 40 30, 14, 10, 40 17, 9, 15 + 27, 3, 10

10, 30, 22, 40 35, 19 5, 19, 9, 35 35 26, 10, 28 26 35, 28, 31, 40

27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

Extent of automation

39

Productivity

28, 10 35, 37, 10, 2

139

2, 35 28, 15, 10, 36

12 4, 10, 34, 17 35, 14

Strength

Shape

Stress or pressure

Force (Intensity)

10 11 10, 37, 37, 36,4 Loss of Time 36,5 35, 29, 35, 14, 10, 36, Quantity of substance/the matter 34, 28 3 14, 3 2, 35, 21, 35, 8, 28, 10, 24, Reliability 24 11, 28 10, 3 35, 19 6, 28, 28, 13, 32, 2 Measurement accuracy 32 32, 24 25, 10, 10, 28, 28, 19, 3, 35 Manufacturing precision 35 32 34, 36 34, 39, 21, 22, 13, 35, 22, 2, Object-affected harmful factors 19, 27 35, 28 39, 18 37 30, 18, 35, 28, 35, 28, 2, 33, Object-generated harmful factors 35, 4 3, 23 1, 40 27, 18 35, 13, 35, 19, 35 35, 12 Ease of manufacture 8, 1 1, 37 4, 18, 18, 13, 28, 13 2, 32, Ease of operation 39, 31 34 35 12 1, 11, 1 34, 9 13 Ease of repair 10 35, 10, 15, 17, 35, 16 Adaptability or versatility 14 20 19, 1, 34, 10, 1, 16 26, 16 Device complexity 35 28 2, 18, 3, 4, 16, 30, 28, 35, 36, Difficulty of detecting and measuring 26, 31 35 40, 19 37, 32

38

9


26

8 35, 16, 32, 18

Speed

Improving Feature

25


Worsening Feature

13 35, 3, 22, 5 15, 2, 17, 40

14 29, 3, 28, 18 14, 35, 34, 10

35, 1, 16, 11 6, 28, 32 32, 30, 40 22, 1, 3, 35 35, 1

1, 28, 13, 27 15, 34, 29, 28 1, 13, 2, 4 15, 37, 1, 8 29, 13, 28, 15 27, 13, 1, 39 15, 32, 13, 35 1, 13 10, 37, 14, 10, 14 34, 40

11, 28 32, 35, 28, 6, 32 13 30, 18

3, 27

35, 24, 30, 18 35, 40, 27, 39

18, 35, 37, 1 15, 35, 22, 2 1, 3, 10, 11, 13, 1 32 32, 35, 32, 40, 30 3, 28 11, 1, 2, 2, 35 9 35, 30, 35, 3, 14 32, 6 2, 22, 2, 13, 28 17, 19 11, 22, 27, 3, 39, 30 15, 28 18, 1

25, 13

35, 3, 22, 39

29, 28, 10, 18


2


3


4


5


6


7


8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

2, 27, 19, 6 19 1, 10, 35 6, 3 2, 10, 19, 30 6, 35, 4

17 18 19 20 6, 29, 4, 35, 12, 19, 1, 32 38 34, 31 28, 19, 19, 32, 18, 19, 32, 22 35 28, 1 10, 15, 32 8, 35, 24 19 3, 35, 3, 25 38, 18 15, 32, 2, 15, 16 19, 32 19, 13 35, 39, 38 34, 39, 2, 13, 10 35 10, 18

35, 34, 35, 6, 4 38 3, 19, 28, 30, Speed 35, 5 36, 2 35, 10, 19, 2 Force (Intensity) 21 35, 39, 19, 3, 27 Stress or pressure 19, 2 14, 26, 22, 14, Shape 9, 25 19, 32 13, 27, 39, 3, 35, 1, 32 Stability of the object's composition 10, 35 35, 23 30, 10, 27, 3, 26 Strength 40 19, 35, + Duration of action of moving object 39 Duration of action by stationary 19, 18, + 36, 40 object 19, 13, 19, 18, + Temperature 39 36, 40 32, 35, 2, 19, 6 Illumination intensity 19 28, 35, 19, 24, Use of energy by moving object 6, 18 3, 14 Use of energy by stationary object

21

Power

22

Loss of Energy

23

Loss of substance

28, 27, 3, 18

27, 16, 18, 38

24

Loss of Information

10

10

19, 35, 10, 38

140

16

21 12, 36, 18, 31 15, 19, 18, 22 1, 35 12, 8 19, 10, 32, 18 17, 32 35, 6, 13, 18 30, 6


20

Power



16


15 5, 34, 31, 35

Temperature

Duration of action of stationary object

Improving Feature

1


Worsening Feature

10, 13, 19

8, 15, 35, 38 19, 17, 1, 16, 10 36, 37 14, 24, 10, 37 13, 15, 2, 6, 34, 32 14 32, 3, 27, 4, 13, 19 27, 16 29, 18 19, 35, 35, 19 35 10 2, 19, 4, 28, 6, 35 35, 18

19, 35, 38, 2 19, 35, 18, 37 10, 35, 14 4, 6, 2 32, 35, 27, 31 10, 26, 35, 28 19, 10, 35, 38 16

32, 30, 21, 16

19, 15, 3, 17

+

32, 1, 19

32, 35, 1, 15

32

2, 15, 19

+

-

6, 19, 37, 18

19, 2, 35, 32

-

+

2, 14, 17, 25

16, 6, 19

16, 6, 19, 37

19, 38, 7

1, 13, 32, 15

21, 36, 39, 31

1, 6, 13 19

2, 14, 17, 25

+ 3, 38

35, 18, 24, 5

28, 27, 12, 31

28, 27, 18, 38 10, 19

Loss of Time

26

Quantity of substance/the matter

27

Reliability

28

Measurement accuracy

29

Manufacturing precision

30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37

15 16 17 18 19 20, 10, 28, 20, 35, 29, 1, 19, 35, 38, 28, 18 10, 16 21, 18 26, 17 19, 18 3, 35, 3, 35, 34, 29, 3, 17, 39 10, 40 31 16, 18 2, 35, 3, 34, 27, 11, 32, 21, 11, 3, 35, 10 25 6, 40 13 27, 19 10, 26, 6, 19, 28, 6, 32 6, 1, 32 3, 6, 32 24 28, 24 3, 27, 40

38


6, 9

39

Productivity

35, 10, 2, 18

141

17, 1, 40, 33 21, 39, 16, 22

3, 32

20 1

36, 23

21, 11, 26, 31 3, 6, 32

32, 2

32, 2

22, 33, 35, 2 22, 35, 2, 24 27, 26, 18 26, 27, 13

35, 21, 28, 10

26, 17, 19, 1

35, 10, 38, 19

Power 35

26, 2, 19 8, 32, 19 2, 32, 13 20, 10, 16, 38

21 35, 20, 10, 6

3, 35, 31

1, 19, 1, 24, 6, 10, 2, 32, 13 27 22, 37 19, 24, 19, 22, 2, 35, 6 Object-generated harmful factors 39, 32 18 28, 24, 28, 26, 27, 1, 4 35, 16 1, 4 Ease of manufacture 27, 1 27, 1 29, 3, 8, 1, 16, 13, 17, 1, 13, 24 Ease of operation 25 25 1, 24 11, 29, 15, 1, 1 4, 10 15, 1, 13 Ease of repair 28, 27 28, 16 27, 2, 3, 6, 22, 19, 35, 13, 1, 35 2, 16 Adaptability or versatility 35 26, 1 29, 13 10, 4, 24, 17, 27, 2, 2, 17, 13 Device complexity 28, 15 13 29, 28 19, 29, 25, 34, 3, 27, 19, 35, 2, 24, 26 35, 38 Difficulty of detecting and measuring 39, 25 6, 35 35, 16 16 Object-affected harmful factors

22, 15, 33, 28 15, 22, 33, 31

19, 26




Temperature

Duration of action of stationary object

Improving Feature

25


Worsening Feature

1

19, 22, 31, 2 2, 35, 18 27, 1, 12, 24 35, 34, 2, 10 15, 10, 32, 2 19, 1, 29 20, 19, 30, 34 18, 1, 16, 10 28, 2, 27 35, 20, 10

5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Loss of Information

19, 10

142

25 10, 35, 20, 28 10, 20, 35, 26

26 3, 26, 18, 31 19, 6, 18, 26

1, 24

15, 2, 29

24, 26,

30, 29, 14

30, 26

26, 4

30, 16 2, 22

13, 26

10 10

1, 6

10, 19 19, 10

+

10, 35, 4, 18 2, 6, 34, 10 35, 16, 32 18


24 10, 24, 35 10, 15, 35

Reliability

Quantity of substance

4

Loss of Time

3

22 23 6, 2, 34, 5, 35, 3, Weight of moving object 19 31 18, 19, 5, 8, 13, Weight of stationary object 28, 15 30 7, 2, 35, 4, 29, Length of moving object 39 23, 10 10, 28, 6, 28 Length of stationary object 24, 35 15, 17, 10, 35, Area of moving object 30, 26 2, 39 10, 14, 17, 7, 30 Area of stationary object 18, 39 7, 15, 36, 39, Volume of moving object 13, 16 34, 10 10, 39, Volume of stationary object 35, 34 14, 20, 10, 13, Speed 19, 35 28, 38 8, 35, 14, 15 Force (Intensity) 40, 5 10, 36, 2, 36, 25 Stress or pressure 3, 37 35, 29, 14 Shape 3, 5 14, 2, 2, 14, Stability of the object's composition 39, 6 30, 40 35, 28, 35 Strength 31, 40 28, 27, Duration of action of moving object 3, 18 Duration of action by stationary 27, 16, 18, 38 object 21, 17, 21, 36, Temperature 35, 38 29, 31 13, 16, 13, 1 Illumination intensity 1, 6 12, 22, 35, 24, Use of energy by moving object 15, 24 18, 5 28, 27, Use of energy by stationary object 18, 31 10, 35, 28, 27, Power 38 18, 38 35, 27, + Loss of Energy 2, 37 35, 27, + Loss of substance 2, 31

Loss of Information

2

Loss of Substance

Improving Feature

1

Loss of Energy

Worsening Feature

27 28 1, 3, 11, 28, 27, 27 35, 26 10, 28, 18, 26, 8, 3 28 10, 14, 29, 35 28, 32, 4 29, 40 15, 29, 32, 28, 3 28 29, 30, 26, 28, 29, 9 6, 13 32, 3 2, 18, 32, 35, 26, 28, 40, 4 40, 4 32, 3 14, 1, 25, 26, 29, 30, 7 40, 11 28 35, 3

10, 19, 29, 38 10, 37, 14, 29, 36 18, 36 10, 14, 37, 36, 4 36 14, 10, 36, 22 34, 17 15, 32, 35, 27 35 29, 3, 29, 10, 28, 10 27 20, 10, 3, 35, 28, 18 10, 40 28, 20, 3, 35, 31 10, 16 35, 28, 3, 17, 21, 18 30, 39 19, 1, 1, 19 26, 17 35, 38, 34, 23, 19, 18 16, 18

2, 35, 16 11, 35, 28, 32, 27, 28 1, 24 3, 35, 35, 10, 13, 21 23, 24 10, 13, 6, 28, 25 19, 35 10, 40, 28, 32, 1 16 13 11, 3

3, 27, 16

11, 2, 13

3

34, 27, 6, 40 19, 35, 3, 10

10, 26, 24 32, 19, 24 11, 15, 32

19, 21, 3, 1, 32 11, 27 10, 36, 3, 35, 31 23 35, 20, 19, 24, 4, 34, 19 32, 15, 2 10, 6 26, 31 10, 18, 11, 10, 7, 18, 25 32 32, 7 35 15, 18, 6, 3, 10, 10, 29, 16, 34, 35, 10 24 39, 35 31, 28 24, 26, 24, 28, 10, 28, 28, 32 35 23

26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39

22 10, 5, 18, 32

23 35, 18, Loss of Time 10, 39 6, 3, 10, 7, 18, 25 Quantity of substance/the matter 24 10, 11, 10, 35, Reliability 35 29, 39 26, 32, 10, 16, Measurement accuracy 27 31, 28 35, 31, 13, 32, 2 Manufacturing precision 10, 24 21, 22, 33, 22, Object-affected harmful factors 35, 2 19, 40 21, 35, 10, 1, 34 Object-generated harmful factors 2, 22 15, 34, 19, 35 Ease of manufacture 33 28, 32, 2, 19, 13 Ease of operation 2, 24 15, 1, 2, 35, Ease of repair 32, 19 34, 27 15, 10, 18, 15, 1 Adaptability or versatility 2, 13 10, 35, 35, 10, Device complexity 13, 2 28, 29 35, 3, 1, 18, Difficulty of detecting and measuring 15, 19 10, 24 35, 10, 23, 28 Extent of automation 18, 5 28, 10, 28, 10, Productivity 29, 35 35, 23

143

24 24, 26, 28, 32 24, 28, 35 10, 28

22, 10, 2 10, 21, 29 32, 24, 18, 16 4, 10, 27, 22

35, 33, 27, 22 35, 33 13, 15, 23

25


Reliability

Quantity of substance

Loss of Time

Loss of Information

Loss of Substance

Improving Feature

25

Loss of Energy

Worsening Feature

26 27 28 35, 38, 24, 34, + 10, 30, 4 18, 16 28, 32 35, 38, 18, 3, + 13, 2, 28 18, 16 28, 40 21, 28, 32, 3, 10, 30, 4 + 40, 3 11, 23 24, 34, 5, 11, 1, 2, 6, 32 + 28, 32 23 32, 26, 32, 30 11, 32, 1 28, 18 35, 18, 35, 33, 27, 24, 28, 33, 34 29, 31 2, 40 23, 26 3, 24, 24, 2, 1, 22 3, 33, 26 39, 1 40, 39 35, 28, 35, 23, 1, 35, 34, 4 1, 24 12, 18 4, 28, 17, 27, 25, 13, 12, 35 10, 34 8, 40 2, 34 32, 1, 2, 28, 11, 10, 10, 2, 13 10, 25 10, 25 1, 16 35, 13, 35, 5, 1, 35, 28 3, 35, 15 8, 24 10 13, 3, 2, 26, 6, 29 13, 35, 1 27, 10 10, 34 18, 28, 3, 27, 27, 40, 26, 24, 32, 9 29, 18 28, 8 32, 28 24, 28, 11, 27, 28, 26, 35, 13 35, 30 32 10, 34 1, 35, 1, 10, 35, 38 10, 38 34, 28

1


2


3


4


5


6


7


8


9

Speed

10

Force (Intensity)

11

Stress or pressure

3, 35

12

Shape

32, 30, 40

13


18

14

Strength

3, 27

15


3, 27, 16, 40

16

Duration of action by stationary object

17

Temperature

24

18


3, 32

19


20


21

Power

22

Loss of Energy

23

Loss of substance

24

Loss of Information

2, 32 2, 29, 18, 36 25, 28, 2, 16 35, 10, 25 10, 28, 32, 25 28, 29, 37, 36

32, 2

35, 10, 24, 31

Adaptability or versatility

Ease of repair

Ease of operation

30 22, 21, 18, 27 2, 19, 22, 37 1, 15, 17, 24

Ease of manufacture

29 28, 35, 26, 18 10, 1, 35, 17 10, 28, 29, 37 2, 32, 10

Object-generated harmful factors

Object-affected harmful factors

Improving Feature


Worsening Feature

31 32 33 34 35 22, 35, 27, 28, 35, 3, 2, 2, 27, 29, 5, 31, 39 1, 36 24 28, 11 15, 8 35, 22, 6, 13, 1, 2, 27, 19, 15, 28, 1, 9 1, 39 32 28, 11 29 15, 29, 14, 15, 1, 29, 17, 15 1, 28, 10 35, 4 1, 16 17 15, 17, 1, 18 2, 25 3 1, 35 27 22, 33, 17, 2, 13, 1, 15, 17, 15, 13, 15, 30 28, 1 18, 39 26, 24 13, 16 10, 1 27, 2, 22, 1, 40, 16 16, 4 16 15, 16 39, 35 40 22, 21, 17, 2, 29, 1, 15, 13, 10 15, 29 27, 35 40, 1 40 30, 12 34, 39, 30, 18, 35 1 19, 27 35, 4 1, 28, 2, 24, 35, 13, 32, 28, 34, 2, 15, 10, 35, 23 35, 21 8, 1 13, 12 28, 27 26 1, 35, 13, 3, 15, 37, 1, 28, 3, 15, 17, 15, 1, 11 40, 18 36, 24 18, 1 25 18, 20 2, 33, 1, 35, 22, 2, 37 11 2 35 27, 18 16 22, 1, 2, 1, 32, 32, 15, 35, 1 2, 13, 1 1, 15, 29 35 17, 28 26 35, 24, 35, 40, 32, 35, 2, 35, 35, 30, 35, 19 30, 18 27, 39 30 10, 16 34, 2 18, 35, 15, 35, 11, 3, 32, 40, 27, 11, 3 15, 3, 32 37, 1 22, 2 10, 32 25, 2 22, 15, 21, 39, 29, 10, 27, 1, 4 12, 27 1, 35, 13 33, 28 16, 22 27 17, 1, 22 35, 10 1 1 2 40, 33 22, 33, 22, 35, 26, 27 26, 27 4, 10, 16 2, 18, 27 35, 2 2, 24 35, 19, 19, 35, 28, 26, 15, 17, 15, 19 15, 1, 19 32, 39 28, 26 19 13, 16 1, 35, 6, 28, 26, 1, 15, 15, 17, 2, 35, 6 19, 35 27 30 17, 28 13, 16 10, 2, 19, 22, 1, 4 22, 37 18 19, 22, 2, 35, 26, 10, 26, 35, 35, 2, 19, 17, 31, 2 18 34 10 10, 34 34 21, 22, 21, 35, 35, 32, 1 2, 19 35, 2 2, 22 33, 22, 10, 1, 15, 34, 32, 28, 2, 35, 15, 10, 2 30, 40 34, 29 33 2, 24 34, 27 10, 21, 22, 10, 1 32 27, 22 22

144

25

Loss of Time

26


33, 30

27

Reliability

11, 32, 1

28


29


30


31


32

Ease of manufacture

33

Ease of operation

1, 32, 35, 23

34

Ease of repair

25, 10

35


36

Device complexity

37

Difficulty of detecting and measuring

38


39

Productivity

+ 26, 28, 10, 18 4, 17, 34, 26

28, 26, 18, 23 18, 10, 32, 1

145

6, 35, 25, 18

24, 35, 2

+

33 34 4, 28, 32, 1, 10 10, 34 35, 29, 2, 32, 25, 10 10, 25 27, 17, 1, 11 40 1, 13, 1, 32, 17, 34 13, 11 1, 32, 25, 10 35, 23 2, 25, 35, 10, 2 28, 39

35 35, 28 15, 3, 29 13, 35, 8, 24 13, 35, 2

35, 11, 22, 31

+ 24, 2

26, 24, 32

32 35, 28, 34, 4 29, 1, 35, 27


31 35, 22, 18, 39 3, 35, 40, 39 35, 2, 40, 26 3, 33, 39, 10 4, 17, 34, 26

Ease of repair

30 35, 18, 34 35, 33, 29, 31 27, 35, 2, 40 28, 24, 22, 26 26, 28, 10, 36

Ease of operation


29 24, 26, 28, 18

Ease of manufacture


Improving Feature


Worsening Feature

2, 25, 28, 39 35, 10, 2, 16 35, 11, 32, 31 22, 19, 29, 40 22, 19, 29, 28

19, 1 2, 21

2, 33

2

22, 35, 13, 24

35, 22, 18, 39

+

2, 5, 13, 16

2, 5, 12

+

35, 1, 2, 13, 15 11, 9 12, 26, 15, 34, 1, 32 1, 16 7, 1, 4, + 16 1, 16, 7, + 4 29, 15, 1, 13 28, 37

1, 35, 1, 12, 11, 10 26, 15 1, 13, 15, 34, 31 1, 16 27, 26, 27, 9, 1, 13 26, 24 5, 28, 2, 5 12, 26 1, 15 11, 29 1, 12, 27, 4, 1, 1, 26, 1, 35, 13 34, 3 35 13 35, 28, 1, 28, 7, 1, 32, 1, 35, 2, 24 10 10, 25 28, 37

36 26, 30, 36, 34 1, 10, 26, 39 1, 19, 26, 24

1


2


3


4


5


6


7


26, 1

8


1, 31

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19

1, 26 14, 1, 13 1, 18, 36

10, 28, 4, 34 26, 35, Force (Intensity) 10, 18 19, 1, Stress or pressure 35 16, 29, Shape 1, 28 2, 35, Stability of the object's composition 22, 26 2, 13, Strength 25, 28 10, 4, Duration of action of moving object 29, 15 Duration of action by stationary object 2, 17, Temperature 16 6, 32, Illumination intensity 13 2, 29, Use of energy by moving object 27, 28 Speed

20


21

Power

20, 19, 30, 34

22

Loss of Energy

7, 23

23

Loss of substance

35, 10, 28, 24

24

Loss of Information

146

37 38 28, 29, 26, 35 26, 32 18, 19 25, 28, 2, 26, 17, 15 35 35, 1, 17, 24, 26, 24 26, 16

Productivity



Improving Feature

Device complexity

Worsening Feature

39 35, 3, 24, 37 1, 28, 15, 35 14, 4, 28, 29 30, 14, 26 7, 26 2, 36, 14, 30, 10, 26, 26, 18 28, 23 34, 2 2, 35, 10, 15, 23 30, 18 17, 7 29, 26, 35, 34, 10, 6, 2, 4 16, 24 34 2, 17, 35, 37, 26 10, 2 3, 34, 10, 18 27, 16 36, 37, 3, 28, 2, 35 10, 19 35, 37 2, 36, 10, 14, 35, 24 37 35, 37 15, 13, 15, 1, 17, 26, 39 32 34, 10 35, 22, 23, 35, 1, 8, 35 39, 23 40, 3 27, 3, 29, 35, 15 15, 40 10, 14 19, 29, 35, 17, 6, 10 39, 35 14, 19 25, 34, 20, 10, 1 6, 35 16, 38 3, 27, 26, 2, 15, 28, 35, 31 19, 16 35 2, 26, 32, 15 2, 25, 16 10 12, 28, 35, 38 32, 2 35 19, 35, 1, 6 16, 25 19, 35, 28, 2, 28, 35, 16 17 34 35, 3, 28, 10, 2 15, 23 29, 35 35, 18, 35, 10, 28, 35, 10, 13 18 10, 23 13, 23, 35, 33 35 15

36 25

Loss of Time

26


27

Reliability

28


29


30


31


32

Ease of manufacture

33

Ease of operation

34

Ease of repair

35


36

Device complexity

37


38


39

Productivity

6, 29 3, 13, 27, 10 13, 35, 1 27, 35, 10, 34 26, 2, 18 22, 19, 29, 40 19, 1, 31 27, 26, 1 32, 26, 12, 17 35, 1, 13, 11 15, 29, 37, 28 +

Productivity

37 38 39 18, 28, 24, 28, 32, 10 35, 30 3, 27, 13, 29, 8, 35 29, 18 3, 27 27, 40, 11, 13, 1, 35, 28 27 29, 38 26, 24, 28, 2, 10, 34, 32, 28 10, 34 28, 32 26, 28, 10, 18, 18, 23 32, 39 22, 19, 33, 3, 22, 35, 29, 40 34 13, 24 2, 21, 22, 35, 2 27, 1 18, 39 6, 28, 35, 1, 8, 28, 1 11, 1 10, 28 1, 34, 15, 1, 28 12, 3 34, 35, 1, 32, 10 7, 13 27, 34, 35, 28, 1 35 6, 37 15, 10, 15, 1, 12, 17, 37, 28 24 28

15, 10, + 37, 28 15, 24, 34, 27, 10 25 12, 17, 35, 18, 28, 24 27, 2

147



Improving Feature

Device complexity

Worsening Feature

34, 21

35, 18

+

5, 12, 35, 26

5, 12, 35, 26

+

148

149

150

151

152

153

154

155

156

157

158

159

160

161

162

163

164

165

166

167

168

169

170

171

172

173

174

175

176

177

178

179

BAB 6 KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

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