AN ANALYSIS OF NON-LITERAL MEANING IN ROBERT FROST’S SELECTED POEMS
A THESIS
BY: ANDO AMBARITA 040705024
UNIVERSITY OF SUMATERA UTARA FACULTY OF LETTERS ENGLISH LITERATURE DEPARTMENT MEDAN 2008
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First of all, I would like to give my praise and deepest thanks to Jesus Christ for blessing and giving me life, love, guidance, and strength that I can finish this thesis completely. I fully realize that it is not an easy thing to write a thesis, it takes really much time and energy, while doing the thesis there are so many problems that I have to deal with. Nevertheless, with the help and support that I got from so many people around, I finally completed this thesis. Therefore, in this chance I would like to express my heartiest gratitude to these following people. I would like to express my great gratitude to my supervisor Drs, Umar Mono, M hum and my co-supervisor, Dra, Parsadanta br Karo, for their advices, suggestions, helps and also their valuable time given to me during the process of writing this thesis. I also would like to thank to all the lecturers of English department. I also would lie to thank the dean of the Faculty of Letters USU, Drs Syaifuddin, M.A. Ph.D, the chairperson of English Department Dra Swesana M Lubis, M Hum, and the secretary Drs, Yulianus Harefa, Med TESOL for all academics and administrative helps given to me during the period of my study in the faculty. The highest and always the very special gratitude for my beloved parents, M. Ambarita and R. Situmorang, for their love, support and great attention and ever-lasting prayer and love in every single step I take. The warmest thanks are also devoted to all my brothers and sisters B’Rimson, Efna, Risa, Walman, Maslon, And Juanson, for your prayer and support. Also to my best ever uncle, M.Situmorang for everything you gave me, helps and loves and prayer. I also would like to thanks to my special friends ‘SOBAT’, Herbet, Fajar, Venan, Angga mujekz, Eva nez, Cito bokx, Gladys, Patar, Yuli’, and Gusti’goe’ for everything we can share, special moments and jokes we shared (“guys, you are the best, because we are SOBAT”). My special thanks are also devoted to my “Indekos Friends, the ‘Juters’ member, B’Gober, Lae Benny, Boy, Felix, Brando, Copi, Mama, Marco, Gea, Heru, Cristian, the Ladies Gank, Noe, Nesry, K’Lady, K’Susy, K’Mery, Wany, K’Wity and all that I can’t mention one by one for the nice friendship, times and jokes we can share. For
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my entire brother in 03 students, B’Hendra, B’Jeff, B’Mario, B’Memew, B’Joses, B’Dedi, B’Benny and the other I can not mention one by one, thanks for the friendship we can share. For all my friends of ’04 students thanks for the nice friendship and I hope our friendship will be everlasting. I love you all and may God bless you all.
Medan , July 2008
Ando Ambarita 040705024
Universitas Sumatera Utara
ABSTRAK Skripsi yang berjudul “An Analysis of Non-Literal Meaning in Robert Frost’s Selected Poems” menganalis jenis dan makna non-literal yang terdapat dalam delapan puisi Robert Frost yang dipilih sebagai sampel. Adapun cara penentuan sampel didasarkan atas teori pengambilan sampel yang disebut dengan Purposive Sampling. Penulis menerapkan teori semantic yang dikemukakan oleh F.R Falmer, Geoffrey Leech, John Lyons, dan J.R Hurford. untuk menganalis makna non-literal tersebut dengan melakukan penelitiaan yang bersifat kepustakaan. Dari pembahasan tersebut, ditemukan bahwa Robert Frost sangat banyak menggunakan jenis makna non-literal personifikasi. Terdapat 31 contoh kasus yang mengandung makna personifikasi. Adapun jenis makna yang lain yang ditemukan antara lain adalah simile (2 kasus), metaphor (3 kasus), euphemism (1 kasus), dan oxymoron (2 kasus).
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABSTRACT TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
1.1.
Background of the Analysis
1.2.
The Problem of the Analysis
1.3.
The Objective of Analysis
1.4.
Scope of Analysis
1.5.
Significance of Analysis
1.6.
Review of Related Literature
CHAPTER II
A BRIEF DISCUSSION ON SEMANTICS THEORY
2.1
The Definition of Semantics
2.2
The scope of Semantics
2.2.1
Meaning
2.2.2
Sense and Reference
2.3 Varieties of Meaning 2.3.1
Literal Meaning
2.3.2
Non-literal Meaning
CHAPTER III
2.3.2.1
Figurative way
2.3.2.2
Facetious way
2.3.2.3
Exaggerated way
2.3.2.4
Idiom
RESEARCH METHOD
3.1
Research Design
3.2
Data collecting Method
3.3
Data analyzing Method
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CHAPTER IV
ANALYSIS
4.1 Data Analysis 4.1.1 Figurative Way 4.1.2 Facetious Way 4.1.3 Exaggerated Way 4.1.4 Idiom 4.2 Interpreting the Data 4.2.1 Figurative Way 4.2.2 Facetious way 4.2.3 Exaggerated Way 4.2.4 Idiom 4.3 Findings CHAPTER V
CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS
5.1
Conclusions
5.2
Suggestion
BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDIXES
vi
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