ABSTRAK PERBANDINGAN PENGETAHUAN, SIKAP DAN PERILAKU MEROKOK PADA SISWA SMA SWASTA DAN SMA NEGERI DI PONTIANAK TAHUN 2014 Maria Justitia Parantika, 2014 Pembimbing I : Dr. J. Teguh Widjaja, dr., SpP., FCCP Pembimbing II : Dr. Hana Ratnawati, dr., M.Kes., PA(K) Kasus merokok di kalangan remaja terus bertambah tinggi. Hasil survei Direktur Jenderal Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan (P2PL) terhadap remaja Indonesia di tahun 2010, perokok pemula usia 15-19 tahun mencapai 43,3 %. Hal ini merupakan masalah yang serius karena mereka inilah yang akan menjadi penerus bangsa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku merokok siswa SMA Swasta dengan SMA Negeri di Pontianak. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik dengan rancangan Cross sectional dan kuesioner sebagai alat pengumpul data. Sampel menggunakan kriteria Minimal Sampel dan diperoleh 314 responden. Hasil penelitian, didapatkan pada SMA Swasta “X” pengetahuan sebesar 95,76%, sikap sebesar 95,76%, dan perilaku sebesar 86,67%, sedangkan untuk SMA Negeri “X” pengetahuan sebesar 93,96%, sikap sebesar 83,89%, dan perilaku sebesar 79,87%. Dan dengan analisis t-test tidak berpasangan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan perilaku merokok pada SMA Swasta “X” dan SMA Negeri “X”, sedangkan untuk sikap tidak signifikan. Simpulan penelitian ini pengetahuan dan perilaku SMA Negeri “X” lebih rendah dibandingkan SMA Swasta “X”, sedangkan sikap merokok pada SMA Negeri “X” sama dengan SMA Swasta “X”. Kata kunci : pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku; merokok
ABSTRACT THE COMPARISON BETWEEN KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR TO SMOKING OF PRIVATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL AND PUBLIC SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN PONTIANAK 2014 Maria Justitia Parantika, 2014. Tutor I: Dr. J. Teguh Widjaja, dr., SpP., FCCP Tutor II : Dr. Hana Ratnawati, dr., M.Kes., PA(K) Smoking cases among teenagers continue to increase. Survey by Director General of Disease Control and Environmental Health (P2PL) for teens Indonesia in 2010, the novice smokers aged 15-19 years reached 43.3%. This condition is a serious problem because they represent the future generation of this country. The purpose of this research is to find out the comparison between knowledge, attitude and behavior to smoking of private senior high school and public senior high school students in Pontianak. The research used descriptive analytic method with cross sectional design and questionnaires as the collecting data instruments. For sample criteria using Minimal sample and obtained 314 respondents. The results of this results show that 95.76% of the knowlegde, 95.76% of the attitude were good and 86.67% of the behavior were good on private senior high school students, while for public senior high school students, 93.96% of the knowledge were good, 83.89% of the attitude were good and 79.87% of the behavior were good. With independent t-test analysis showed that there are significant relations between private high school and public high school students knowledge and behavior about smoking, whereas not significant attitude. Keywords: knowledge, attitude, behavior; smoking
DAFTAR ISI LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN.................................................................................... ii SURAT PERNYATAAN....................................................................................... iii ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................. v KATA PENGANTAR ........................................................................................... vi DAFTAR ISI ........................................................................................................ viii DAFTAR GAMBAR ............................................................................................. xi DAFTAR TABEL ................................................................................................. xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ........................................................................................ xiii BAB I PENDAHULUAN 1.1 Latar Belakang .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Identifikasi Masalah ...................................................................................... 3 1.3. Maksud Dan Tujuan Penelitian .................................................................... 4 1.3.1 Maksud penelitian ................................................................................... 4 1.3.2 Tujuan penelitian .................................................................................... 4 1.4. Manfaat Karya Tulis Ilmiah ......................................................................... 4 1.4.1 Manfaat Akademis .................................................................................. 4 1.4.2 Manfaat Praktis ....................................................................................... 4 1.5 Landasan Teori .............................................................................................. 5 BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA 2.1 Rokok ............................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Pengertian Rokok ....................................................................................... 7 2.1.2 Tembakau................................................................................................ 7 2.1.3 Komponen Dalam Rokok ....................................................................... 8 2.1.4 Jenis Rokok ............................................................................................. 9 2.1.5 Bahaya Rokok ....................................................................................... 11 2.1.6 Kategori Perokok .................................................................................. 16
2.2 Pengetahuan ................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1 Pengertian Pengetahuan ........................................................................ 17 2.2.2 Tingkatan Pengetahuan ......................................................................... 17 2.2.3 Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengetahuan ............................................ 18 2.3 Sikap ............................................................................................................ 19 2.3.1 Definisi Sikap ....................................................................................... 19 2.3.2 Struktur Sikap ....................................................................................... 20 2.3.3 Pembentukan Sikap............................................................................... 20 2.4 Perilaku ........................................................................................................ 23 2.4.1 Pengertian Perilaku ............................................................................... 23 2.4.2 Faktor –Faktor yang Memepengaruhi Perilaku .................................... 23 2.5 Perilaku Merokok ........................................................................................ 24 2.5.1 Pengertian Perilaku Merokok ............................................................... 24 2.5.2 Tipe Perilaku Merokok ......................................................................... 24 2.5.3 Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Merokok Remaja ........ 25 2.6 Remaja ......................................................................................................... 26 2.6.1 Pengertian Remaja ................................................................................ 26 2.6.2 Tahap – Tahap Perkembangan Remaja ................................................ 27 2.6.3 Proses Perkembangan Remaja .............................................................. 28 2.6.4 Perubahan Fisik..................................................................................... 30 2.7 Cara Berhenti Merokok ............................................................................... 31 2.8 Peraturan Pemerintah .................................................................................. 32 2.9 Perbedaan Sekolah Swasta Dan Sekolah Negeri ........................................ 33 BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN 3.1 Subjek Penelitian ......................................................................................... 34 3.2 Tempat dan Waktu Penelitian ..................................................................... 34 3.3 Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 35 3.3.1 Desain Penelitian ...................................................................................... 35 3.3.2 Variabel Penelitian ................................................................................ 35 3.3.3 Definisi Operasional Variabel .............................................................. 35 3.4 Prosedur Kerja ............................................................................................. 37
3.4.1 Pengumpulan Data ................................................................................ 37 3.4.2 Pelaksanaan Penelitian .......................................................................... 37 3.4.3 Penentuan Sampel ................................................................................. 37 3.5 Teknik Pengolahan Data ............................................................................. 38 3.5.1 Analisis Univariat ................................................................................. 38 3.5.2 Analisis Bivariat ................................................................................... 40 3.6 Aspek Etik Penelitian .................................................................................. 41 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN 4.1 Hasil............................................................................................................. 42 4.1.1 Identitas Responden .............................................................................. 42 4.2 Pengetahuan ................................................................................................. 44 4.3 Sikap ............................................................................................................ 44 4.4 Perilaku ........................................................................................................ 45 4.5 T-Test .......................................................................................................... 46 4.5.1 Perbedaan Pengetahuan Mengenai Bahaya Merokok pada Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan Siswa SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak............................. 46 4.5.2 Perbedaan Sikap Mengenai Bahaya Merokok pada Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan Siswa SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak ......................................... 48 4.5.3 Perbedaan Perilaku Merokok pada Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan Siswa SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak .................................................................. 49 BAB V SIMPULAN DAN SARAN 5.1 Simpulan ...................................................................................................... 51 5.2 Saran ............................................................................................................ 51 DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................... 53 LAMPIRAN .......................................................................................................... 57 RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................... 98
DAFTAR GAMBAR Gambar 2.1 Komponen Rokok ...............................................................................9
DAFTAR TABEL Tabel 4.1 Distribusi responden menurut penghasilan orangtua SMA Negeri “X” ................................................................................................................................42 Tabel 4.2 Distribusi responden menurut penghasilan orangtua SMA Swasta “X” ................................................................................................................................42 Tabel 4.3 Hubungan penghasilan orang tua Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan SMA Negeri “X” dengan jumlah perokok di SMA Swasta “X” dan SMA Negeri “X” .........................................................................................................................43 Tabel 4.4 Pengetahuan Mengenai Merokok pada Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak .........................................................................44 Tabel 4.5 Sikap Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak terhadap Merokok .................................................................................................45 Tabel 4.6 Perilaku Merokok Siswa SMA Swasta “X” dan Siswa SMA Negeri “X” Kota Pontianak ...............................................................................................45 Tabel 4.7 Uji Mann-Whitney ...............................................................................47 Tabel 4.8 Uji Mann-Whitney ...............................................................................48 Tabel 4.9 Uji Mann-Whitney ...............................................................................50
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN Lampiran 1 .............................................................................................................57 Lampiran 2 .............................................................................................................61 Lampiran 3 .............................................................................................................73 Lampiran 4 .............................................................................................................95
