ABSTRAK
Sistem pakar merupakan sistem berbasis komputer yang menggunakan pengetahuan, fakta dan teknik penalaran dalam memecahkan masalah yang biasanya hanya dapat dipecahkan oleh seorang pakar dalam bidang tersebut. Pada dasarnya sistem pakar diterapkan untuk mendukung aktivitas pemecahan masalah. Dengan pendekatan tersebut, dibangunlah suatu sistem berbasis pengetahuan untuk mendiagnosa kerusakan sepeda motor 4-tak. Representasi pengetahuan yang digunakan untuk merancang sistem adalah tabel keputusan yang terdiri dari gejala kerusakan serta diagnosa kerusakan. Akuisisi pengetahuan didapat dengan cara mempelajari buku petunjuk (manual) dan literatur yang berkaitan dengan topik, serta melakukan proses wawancara dengan teknisi / mekanik yang telah berpengalaman menangani kerusakan sepeda motor 4-tak. Metode inferensi yang digunakan adalah forward chaining, yaitu proses inferensi yang memulai pencarian dari premis atau data masukan berupa gejala menuju pada konklusi yaitu kesimpulan. Selain itu, sistem pakar ini juga menggunakan metode dempster shafer sebagai metode untuk menghitung nilai kepercayaan atas gejela yang diberikan oleh pengguna. Kata kunci : sistem pakar, forward chaining, dempster shafer.
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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ................................................................................................ HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ....................................................... HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PENGUJI ................................................................. SURAT PERNYATAAN KARYA ASLI TUGAS AKHIR .................................... HALAMAN PERSEMBAHAN ............................................................................... HALAMAN MOTTO .............................................................................................. KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. ABSTRAK ............................................................................................................... DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................ DAFTAR GAMBAR ................................................................................................ DAFTAR TABEL .................................................................................................... DAFTAR MODUL PROGRAM .............................................................................. BAB I 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
i ii iii iv v vii viii ix x xii xiv xv
PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................ Latar Belakang Masalah ............................................................................... Rumusan Masalah ......................................................................................... Batasan Masalah ........................................................................................... Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................... Manfaat Penelitian ........................................................................................ Metodologi Pengembangan Sistem .............................................................. Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................................
1 1 2 2 2 2 3 3
BAB II DASAR TEORI ................................................................................ 2.1 Sistem Pakar ................................................................................................. 2.1.1 Arsitektur Sistem Pakar ................................................................................ 2.1.2 Komponen Sistem Pakar ............................................................................... 2.1.3 Basis Pengetahuan (Knowledge Base) .......................................................... 2.1.4 Akuisisi Pengetahuan .................................................................................... 2.1.5 Representasi Pengetahuan ............................................................................ 2.1.6 Mesin Inferensi ............................................................................................. 2.1.7 Pengembangan Sistem Pakar ........................................................................ 2.2 Basis Data ..................................................................................................... 2.2.1 Entity Relationship Diagram ........................................................................ 2.3 Data Flow Diagram ...................................................................................... 2.4 Perangkat Lunak Pendukung ........................................................................ 2.4.1 PHP .............................................................................................................. 2.4.2 HTML .......................................................................................................... 2.4.3 CSS ............................................................................................................... 2.4.4 JavaScript ...................................................................................................... 2.4.5 Web Server ................................................................................................... 2.4.6 MySQL ......................................................................................................... 2.4.7 Adobe Dreamweaver CS3 ............................................................................ 2.4.8 Adobe Photoshop CS3 .................................................................................. 2.4.9 CorelDRAW X4 ........................................................................................... 2.4.10 XAMPP ......................................................................................................... 2.5 Ketidakpastian ..............................................................................................
4 4 4 5 7 7 8 10 13 15 15 16 17 17 18 19 20 20 20 21 21 22 22 23
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2.5.1 Probabilitas dan Dempster Shafer ................................................................ 2.6 Sepeda Motor 4 Tak ...................................................................................... 2.7 Studi Pustaka ................................................................................................
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BAB III ANALISIS DAN PERANCANGAN ............................................... 4.1 Analisis ......................................................................................................... 4.1.1 Cara Kerja Sistem Pakar yang Dibuat .......................................................... 4.1.2 Metode Dempster Shafer .............................................................................. 4.2 Koleksi Pengetahuan .................................................................................... 4.2.1 Basis Pengetahuan ........................................................................................ 4.2.2 Akuisisi Pengetahuan ................................................................................... 4.3 Perancangan Proses ...................................................................................... 4.3.1 Data Flow Diagram Level 0 ........................................................................ 4.3.2 Data Flow Diagram Level 1 ........................................................................ 4.3.3 Data Flow Diagram Level 2 Proses 1 .......................................................... 4.3.4 Data Flow Diagram Level 2 Proses 2 .......................................................... 4.3.5 Data Flow Diagram Level 3 Proses 1.2 ....................................................... 3.4 Perancangan Basis Data ................................................................................ 3.4.1 Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD) ............................................................ 3.4.2 Perancangan Tabel ........................................................................................ 3.4.3 Relasi Antar Tabel ........................................................................................ 3.5 Perancangan Struktur Menu ......................................................................... 3.6 Rancangan Antarmuka (User Interface) .......................................................
27 27 27 28 32 32 34 36 36 37 37 38 38 39 39 40 43 43 44
BAB IV IMPLEMENTASI ............................................................................. 4.1 Perangkat Pendukung ................................................................................... 4.1.1 Perangkat Keras yang Digunakan ................................................................ 4.1.2 Perangkat Lunak yang Digunakan ................................................................. 4.2 Pembahasan Sistem ...................................................................................... 4.2.1 Halaman Home ............................................................................................. 4.2.2 Halaman Information .................................................................................... 4.2.3 Halaman Diagnosis ....................................................................................... 4.2.4 Halaman Workshop ...................................................................................... 4.2.5 Halaman Login Admin ................................................................................. 4.2.6 Halaman Home Admin ................................................................................. 4.2.7 Halaman Kerusakan ...................................................................................... 4.2.8 Halaman Gejala ............................................................................................ 4.2.9 Halaman Relasi ............................................................................................. 4.2.10 Halaman Laporan ......................................................................................... 4.2.11 Halaman Logout Admin ............................................................................... 4.3 Pengujian Sistem ........................................................................................... 4.3.1 Pengujian Black Box Test ............................................................................. 4.3.2 Pengujian Alpha Test ....................................................................................
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BAB V Penutup ............................................................................................. 5.1 Kesimpulan ................................................................................................... 5.2 Saran .............................................................................................................
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DAFTAR PUSTAKA ...............................................................................................
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Arsitektur Sistem Pakar ...................................................................... Gambar 2.2 Diagram Forward Chaining ............................................................... Gambar 2.3 Diagram Backward Chaining ............................................................. Gambar 2.4 Diagram Alir Teknik Penelusuran Depth First Search ...................... Gambar 2.5 Diagram Alir Teknik Penelusuran Breadth First Search ................... Gambar 2.6 Tahap Pengembangan Sistem Pakar ................................................... Gambar 3.1 Flow Chart Metode Dempster Shafer ................................................ Gambar 3.2 DFD Level 0 ....................................................................................... Gambar 3.3 DFD Level 1 ....................................................................................... Gambar 3.4 DFD Level 2 Proses 1 ......................................................................... Gambar 3.5 DFD Level 2 Proses 2 ......................................................................... Gambar 3.6 DFD Level 3 Proses 1.2 ...................................................................... Gambar 3.7 ERD .................................................................................................... Gambar 3.8 RAT .................................................................................................... Gambar 3.9 Struktur Menu User ............................................................................ Gambar 3.10 Struktur Menu Admin ......................................................................... Gambar 3.11 Rancangan Halaman Home ................................................................ Gambar 3.12 Rancangan Halaman Information ....................................................... Gambar 3.13 Rancangan Halaman Detail Information ............................................ Gambar 3.14 Rancangan Halaman Diagnosis .......................................................... Gambar 3.15 Rancangan Halaman Diagnosa ........................................................... Gambar 3.16 Rancangan Halaman Pilih Gejala ....................................................... Gambar 3.17 Rancangan Halaman Hasil Diagnosa .................................................. Gambar 3.18 Rancangan Halaman Workshop ......................................................... Gambar 3.19 Rancangan Halaman Login Admin .................................................... Gambar 3.20 Rancangan Halaman Home Admin .................................................... Gambar 3.21 Rancangan Halaman Kerusakan ......................................................... Gambar 3.22 Rancangan Halaman Edit Kerusakan ................................................. Gambar 3.23 Rancangan Halaman Tambah Kerusakan ........................................... Gambar 3.24 Rancangan Halaman Gejala ................................................................ Gambar 3.25 Rancangan Halaman Edit Gejala ........................................................ Gambar 3.26 Rancangan Halaman Tambah Gejala .................................................. Gambar 3.27 Rancangan Halaman Relasi ................................................................ Gambar 3.28 Rancangan Halaman Detail Relasi ..................................................... Gambar 3.29 Rancangan Halaman Edit Relasi ........................................................ Gambar 3.30 Rancangan Halaman Laporan ............................................................. Gambar 3.31 Rancangan Halaman Detail Laporan .................................................. Gambar 3.32 Rancangan Halaman Cetak Laporan .................................................. Gambar 4.1 Halaman Home ................................................................................... Gambar 4.2 Halaman Information .......................................................................... Gambar 4.3 Halaman Detail Information ............................................................... Gambar 4.4 Halaman Diagnosis ............................................................................. Gambar 4.5 Halaman Warning Diagnosis .............................................................. Gambar 4.6 Halaman Diagnosa .............................................................................. Gambar 4.7 Halaman Pilih Gejala .......................................................................... xii
5 11 12 12 13 13 29 36 37 37 38 39 40 43 44 44 45 45 46 46 47 47 48 48 49 49 50 50 51 51 52 52 53 53 54 54 55 55 57 59 61 63 65 66 70
Gambar 4.8 Halaman Hasil Diagnosa .................................................................... Gambar 4.9 Halaman Workshop ............................................................................ Gambar 4.10 Halaman Login Admin ....................................................................... Gambar 4.11 Halaman Warning Login Admin ........................................................ Gambar 4.12 Halaman Home Admin ....................................................................... Gambar 4.13 Halaman Kerusakan ............................................................................ Gambar 4.14 Halaman Gejala .................................................................................. Gambar 4.15 Halaman Relasi ................................................................................... Gambar 4.16 Halaman Laporan ................................................................................ Gambar 4.17 Halaman Warning Logout Admin ......................................................
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72 76 78 80 81 83 85 88 90 93
DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Simbol Diagram E-R .............................................................................. Tabel 2.2 Simbol Data Flow Diagram .................................................................... Tabel 3.1 Kombinasi G1 dengan G2 ...................................................................... Tabel 3.2 Kombinasi G1 G2 dengan G3 ................................................................ Tabel 3.3 Gejala Kerusakan .................................................................................... Tabel 3.4 Nama Kerusakan .................................................................................... Tabel 3.5 Akuisisi Pengetahuan ............................................................................. Tabel 3.6 admin ...................................................................................................... Tabel 3.7 densitas .................................................................................................... Tabel 3.8 diagnosa .................................................................................................. Tabel 3.9 diagnosa_pilih ........................................................................................ Tabel 3.10 gejala ....................................................................................................... Tabel 3.11 kerusakan ................................................................................................. Tabel 3.12 relasi ....................................................................................................... Tabel 4.1 Nama Penguji Black Box Test ................................................................ Tabel 4.2 Hasil Pengujian Black Box Test .............................................................. Tabel 4.3 Nama Penguji Alpha Test ....................................................................... Tabel 4.4 Hasil Uji Validasi Alpha Test .................................................................
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16 17 30 31 33 34 35 40 41 41 42 42 42 43 94 94 95 95
DAFTAR MODUL PROGRAM
Modul Program 2.1 Contoh Script HTML ............................................................. Modul Program 2.2 Contoh Script CSS ................................................................. Modul Program 2.3 Contoh Script JavaScript ........................................................ Modul Program 4.1 Halaman Home ...................................................................... Modul Program 4.2 Lanjutan Halaman Home ....................................................... Modul Program 4.3 Halaman Information ............................................................. Modul Program 4.4 Lanjutan Halaman Information .............................................. Modul Program 4.5 Halaman Detail Information .................................................. Modul Program 4.6 Lanjutan Halaman Detail Information ................................... Modul Program 4.7 Lanjutan Halaman Detail Information ................................... Modul Program 4.8 Halaman Diagnosis ................................................................ Modul Program 4.9 Lanjutan Halaman Diagnosis ................................................. Modul Program 4.10 Halaman Warning Diagnosis ................................................. Modul Program 4.11 Lanjutan Halaman Warning Diagnosis .................................. Modul Program 4.12 Halaman Diagnosa ................................................................. Modul Program 4.13 Lanjutan Halaman Diagnosa .................................................. Modul Program 4.14 Lanjutan Halaman Diagnosa .................................................. Modul Program 4.15 Halaman Pilih Gejala ............................................................. Modul Program 4.16 Lanjutan Halaman Pilih Gejala .............................................. Modul Program 4.17 Lanjutan Halaman Pilih Gejala .............................................. Modul Program 4.18 Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ........................................................ Modul Program 4.19 Lanjutan Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ......................................... Modul Program 4.20 Lanjutan Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ......................................... Modul Program 4.21 Lanjutan Halaman Hasil Diagnosa ......................................... Modul Program 4.22 Halaman Workshop ................................................................ Modul Program 4.23 Lanjutan Halaman Workshop ................................................ Modul Program 4.24 Lanjutan Halaman Workshop ................................................ Modul Program 4.25 Halaman Login Admin ........................................................... Modul Program 4.26 Lanjutan Halaman Login Admin ........................................... Modul Program 4.27 Lanjutan Halaman Login Admin ........................................... Modul Program 4.28 Halaman Warning Login Admin ............................................ Modul Program 4.29 Lanjutan Halaman Warning Login Admin ............................ Modul Program 4.30 Halaman Home Admin .......................................................... Modul Program 4.31 Halaman Kerusakan ............................................................... Modul Program 4.32 Lanjutan Halaman Kerusakan ................................................ Modul Program 4.33 Lanjutan Halaman Kerusakan ................................................ Modul Program 4.34 Halaman Gejala ...................................................................... Modul Program 4.35 Lanjutan Halaman Gejala ....................................................... Modul Program 4.36 Halaman Relasi ...................................................................... Modul Program 4.37 Lanjutan Halaman Relasi ....................................................... Modul Program 4.38 Lanjutan Halaman Relasi ....................................................... Modul Program 4.39 Halaman Laporan ................................................................... Modul Program 4.40 Lanjutan Halaman Laporan .................................................... Modul Program 4.41 Lanjutan Halaman Laporan .................................................... Modul Program 4.42 Lanjutan Halaman Laporan .................................................... Modul Program 4.43 Halaman Warning Logout Admin .......................................... xv
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