ABSTRAK
Maloklusi merupakan keadaan yang menyimpang dari oklusi normal yang meliputi ketidakteraturan gigi-gigi seperti berjejal, protrusif, malposisi atau hubungan yang tidak harmonis dengan gigi lawannya. Keadaan gigi yang tidak harmonis mempengaruhi estetika dan penampilan seseorang serta mengganggu fungsi pengunyahan, penelanan, ataupun bicara. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran maloklusi Angle akibat tidak mendapatkan air susu ibu pada anak usia 6 sampai 8 tahun di SDN Kecamatan Sukajadi Bandung. Penelitian bersifat deskriptif dengan teknik survei. Sampel penelitian 34 orang yang diperoleh dari teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Penelitian dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner dan pemeriksaan klinis pada anak yang tidak mendapatkan Air Susu Ibu. Hasil penelitian diperoleh dari subjek penelitian sebanyak 34 orang, diketahui kelas I Angle sebesar 35,2% dengan jumlah 12 orang, kelas II divisi 1 sebesar 32,3% dengan jumlah 11 orang, kelas II divisi 2 sebesar 5,9% dengan jumlah2 orang, kelas II subdivisi sebesar 3% dengan jumlah 1 orang, dan kelas III Angle sebesar 23,6% dengan jumlah 8 orang. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah gambaran maloklusi kelas I Angle sebesar 44,1% dengan jumlah 15 orang, kelas II divisi 1 sebesar 32,3% dengan jumlah 11 orang, tidak terdapat kelas II divisi 2, tidak terdapat kelas II subdivisi dan kelas III Angle sebesar 23,6% dengan jumlah 8 orang. Proporsi paling besar adalah anak yang mengalami kelas I yang disertai crowding anterior. Kata kunci: Maloklusi, tidak mendapatkan ASI
v Universitas Kristen Maranatha
ABSTRACT
Malocclusion is a condition that deviates from normal occlusion irregularities such as crowding teeth, protrusive, malposition or disharmonious relationship with opposite teeth. Circumstances affecting the teeth that are not harmonious aesthetics and appearance of a person and interfere with the function of chewing, swallowing, or speaking. The purpose of research is to describe the malocclusion Angle of not getting breastfeeding in children aged 6 to 8 years in elementary school of sub-district Sukajadi in Bandung. The study was descriptive of survey techniques. The research sample of 34 people who obtained purposive sampling techniques. The study use questionnaires and clinical examination in children who don’t get breastfeeding. The results showed that of the 34 children is Class I Angle by 35,2% with 12 people, Class II division 1 of 32,3% with 11 people, Class II division 2 by 5,9% with 2 people, Class II subdivision of 3% with 1 people and Class III Angle by 23,6% with 8 people. Conclusion of the study is Class I Angle by 44,1% with 15 people, Class II division 1 of 32,3% with 11 people, there is no Class II division 2, there is no Class II subdivision and Class III Angle by 23,6% with 8 people. Most large proportion are children Class I with crowding anterior. Keyword: malocclusion, don’t get breastfeeding.
vi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR ISI
COVER ............................................................................................................. i LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PEMBIMBING ................................................. ii SURAT PERNYATAAN MAHASISWA........................................................ iii LEMBAR PERSETUJUAN PERBAIKAN .................................................... iv ABSTRAK ......................................................................................................... v ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi PRAKATA ......................................................................................................... vii DAFTAR ISI ...................................................................................................... x DAFTAR GAMBAR ......................................................................................... xiv DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................ xv DAFTAR DIAGRAM ...................................................................................... xvi DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ..................................................................................... xvii BAB I PENDAHULUAN ..................................................................................1 1.1
Latar Belakang ...........................................................................................1
1.2
Identifikasi Masalah ..................................................................................3
1.3
Tujuan Penelitian .......................................................................................3
1.4
Manfaat Penelitian .....................................................................................3
1.5
1.4.1
Manfaat Akademik ........................................................................3
1.4.2
Manfaat Praktis ..............................................................................4
Landasan Teori ..........................................................................................4
x Universitas Kristen Maranatha
1.6
Metode Penelitian ........................................................................................ 6
1.7
Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ....................................................................... 6
BAB II TINJAUAN PUSTAKA ........................................................................ 7 2.1 Maloklusi ........................................................................................................ 7 2.1.1 Definisi Maloklusi................................................................................. 7 2.1.1 Etiologi Maloklusi ................................................................................ 7 2.1.1.1 Faktor Herediter ........................................................................ 8 2.1.1.2 Faktor Lokal ............................................................................. 10 2.1.1.3 Faktor Iatrogenik ...................................................................... 12 2.1.1.4 Etiologi Lainnya ....................................................................... 12 2.1.2 Klasifikasi Angle .................................................................................. 13 2.1.2.1 Klasifikasi Maloklusi Angle Kelas I ........................................ 13 2.1.2.2 Klasifikasi Maloklusi Angle Kelas II ....................................... 13 2.1.2.3 Klasifikasi Maloklusi Angle Kelas III ...................................... 15 2.2 ASI ................................................................................................................. 16 2.2.1 Definisi ASI .......................................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Manfaat ASI ......................................................................................... 17 2.2.2.1 Manfaat ASI Bagi Bayi ............................................................ 17 2.2.2.2 Manfaat ASI Bagi Ibu............................................................... 17 2.2.3 Masalah Dalam Pemberian ASI .......................................................... 18 2.3 Gambaran Terjadinya Maloklusi Pada Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI .................................................................................................................. 20 2.4 Perkembangan Gigi Molar Pertama Permanen ............................................... 22
xi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
BAB III BAHAN DAN METODE PENELITIAN ........................................... 23 3.1 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian .............................................................................. 23 3.2 Metode Penelitian .......................................................................................... 23 3.2.1 Disain Penelitian ................................................................................... 23 3.2.2 Jenis Penelitian...................................................................................... 24 3.2.3 Definisi Operasional ............................................................................. 24 3.3 Populasi dan Sampel Penelitian ..................................................................... 26 3.3.1 Populasi ................................................................................................ 26 3.3.2 Besar Sampel ....................................................................................... 26 3.3.3 Sampel Penelitian ................................................................................. 27 3.3.4 Kriteria Sampel Penellitian ................................................................... 28 3.4 Lokasi dan Waktu Penelitian ......................................................................... 28 3.5 Prosedur Penelitian ........................................................................................ 28 3.6 Pengolahan Data ............................................................................................ 29 3.7 Aspek Etik Penelitian ..................................................................................... 30 3.8 Alur Penelitian ............................................................................................... 31 BAB IV HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................................................... 32 4.1 Hasil Penelitian ............................................................................................... 32 4.2 Pembahasan ..................................................................................................... 36 BAB V KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN .............................................................. 38 5.1 Kesimpulan ..................................................................................................... 38 5.2 Saran................................................................................................................ 38 DAFTAR PUSTAKA .......................................................................................... 40
xii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
LAMPIRAN ......................................................................................................... 43 RIWAYAT HIDUP ............................................................................................. 66
xiii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR GAMBAR
No
Judul
Hlm
Gambar 2.1 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas I Angle .................................................. 13 Gambar 2.2 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas II Angle ................................................ 14 Gambar 2.3 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas II Angle divisi 1.................................... 14 Gambar 2.4 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas II Angle divisi 2.................................... 15 Gambar 2.5 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas III Angle ............................................... 15 Gambar 3.1 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas I Angle .................................................. 24 Gambar 3.2 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas II Angle ................................................ 25 Gambar 3.3 Gambaran Maloklusi Kelas III Angle ............................................... 26 Gambar 3.4 Alur Penelitian................................................................................... 31
xiv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR TABEL
No
Judul
Hlm
Tabel 4.1 Gambaran Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin.. ............................................................................................ 32 Tabel 4.2 Gambaran Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI Berdasarkan Usia .... ............................................................................................................ 33 Tabel 4.3 Gambaran Maloklusi Angle pada Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI ............................................................................................................ 35
xv Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR DIAGRAM
No
Judul
Hlm
Diagram 4.1 Gambaran Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin.. .......................................................................................... 33 Diagram 4.2 Gambaran Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI Berdasarkan Usia ......................................................................................................... 34 Diagram 4.3 Gambaran Maloklusi Angle pada Anak yang Tidak Mendapatkan ASI ................................................................................................... 35
xvi Universitas Kristen Maranatha
DAFTAR LAMPIRAN
No
Judul
Hlm
Lampiran 1 Lembar Persetujuan Komisi Etik Penelitian ...................................... 43 Lampiran 2 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Sukasari 3 .................................. 44 Lampiran 3 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Cibogo ....................................... 45 Lampiran 4 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Caringin 1, 2, dan 3 .................. 46 Lampiran 5 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Sukasari 1 .................................. 47 Lampiran 6 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Sukawarna 1, 2, 3, dan 5 ........... 48 Lampiran 7 Surat Permohonan Penelitian SDN Sarijadi Selatan 1 dan 2............. 49 Lampiran 8 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Sukasari 3 ................................... 50 Lampiran 9 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Cibogo ........................................ 51 Lampiran 10 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Caringin 1, 2, dan 3................. 52 Lampiran 11 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Sukasari 1.................................. 53 Lampiran 12 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Sukawarna 1, 2, 3, dan 5 ........... 54 Lampiran 13 Surat Keterangan Penelitian SDN Sarijadi Selatan 1 dan 2 ............ 55 Lampiran 14 Inform Consent ................................................................................ 56 Lampiran 15 Lembar Persetujuan Responden ...................................................... 57 Lampiran 16 Lembar Penjelasan Kepada Calon Subjek Penelitian ...................... 58 Lampiran 17 Lembar Kuesioner ........................................................................... 60 Lampiran 18 Lembar Pemeriksaan ....................................................................... 62 Lampiran 19 Alat dan Bahan Penelitian ............................................................... 63
xvii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
Lampiran 20 Dokumentasi Penelitian ................................................................... 64 Lampiran 21 Hasil Pemeriksaan ........................................................................... 65
xviii Universitas Kristen Maranatha
