A BRIEF NOTE OF TRAWL FISHERIES IN INDONESIA
APFIC Regional Expert Workshop on Tropical Trawl Fishery Management Phuket, Thailand 30 Sept – 4 Oct 2013
Introduction •
Prawn forms one of the most important fisheries in Indonesia. This fishery developed rapidly with introduction of the trawling in the late 1960 and still plays an important role in contributing foreign exchanges earning to the country.
•
There are several sub areas which large area of mangrove, shallow and mud and sandy bottom distributed especially in western part of Indonesia. Arafura Sea is the only large area of shrimp ground in the eastern Indonesia.
•
The national statistical data on record of commercial shrimps (Penaeus spp. and Metapenaeus spp) dominated by white shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis De Mann, 1888) (DGCF, 2012)
•
The 2012 national capture fisheries statistics data showed that the total catch of shrimp in 2011 at about 250 000 tons, which about 34% consisted of white/banana shrimps.
•
The main fishing gear is trawl and trawl like fisheries with total number of 40 660 units (DGCF, 2012).
FOLK NAMES - SIMILAR WITH TRAWL FOLK NAME - FMA
SCALE SMALL (< 10 GT)
SEMI-INDUSTRY
a. Arad
x
x
b. Cantrang
x
x
c. Lampara dasar
x
x
d. Dogol
x
e. Cotok
x
f. Katrol
x
g. Garuk kerang
x
h. Payang Alit
x
i. Puka tepi
x
j. Krakat
x
k. Mini Beam Trawl
x
l. Arad berpalang
x
m. Arad berpapan
x
n. Cantrang berpalang
x
o. Lampara dasar berpapan
x
p. Lampara dasar berpalang
x
q. Dogol berpapan
x
r. Mini Trawl
x
I. JAVA SEA - 712
x
Fish Resources – Benefit and Cost •
Indonesia : 5.8 mil km2 (2,7 m km2 EEZ; 3,1 m km2 archipelagic waters); 11 FMA
•
Catches : Shrimps 255 ; Demersal 1 150 (x1 000 tons)
•
Fishing gears : 40 000 unit (44% trawl; 56% trawl like)
•
Resource - technological states and market demand – Livelihood, foreign exchange, pro-poor, pro -job and pro-growth, industrialization – Autonomy (1999) – new investment (<30 GT) – Stock status /indicators : heavily exploited
•
Coastal community – Coast line 81 000 n mile (+20% trawable grounds) – Local community knowledge
571
711
716 717
572
715
712 713
714 718
573
1800
ESTIMATED AREA (x 1000 km2)
1600
Komisi Nasional Pengkajian Sumberdaya Ikan
1400 Area
1200
trawl ground 1000 800 600 400
200 0 571
572
573
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
Issues – Managements
2011
2009
2007
2005
2003
2001
1999
1997
1995
1993
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1979
1981
0
120
100
BANANA
ENDEVOUR
80
RAIBOW 60
KING TIGER
40
OTHER 20
0 1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
20
TOTAL
15
SS IO
10
EI 5
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
1993
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
1991
1991
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
– Local knowledge
1979
0
1977
Strengthening public awareness
TRAWL
10
Habitat degradation – Mangrove – Landbase pollution – Substrate (reefy -> mud)
•
DDS 20
Over investment – Smaller boat size dominated fishing effort
•
TOTAL 30
LANDING (x 1000) tons
•
40
1977
– Smaller size – Smaller species – Shifting composition
50
NUMBER OF VESSELS (x1000)
Heavily exploited
NUMBER OF TRAWL (x 1000) UNIT
•
25
TOTAL 20
SS IO
15
EI 10 5
2011
1989
1987
1985
1983
1981
0
1979
EAFM
1977
•
NUMBER OF DDS (x 1000) UNIIT
30
SHRIMPS (2013 draft) 571
572
573
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
Py (tons)
68,994
7,979
5,244
72,250
53,629
29,819
2,438
4,385
8,225
8,656 49,500
TAC (tons)
55,195
6,383
4,195
57,800
42,903
23,855
1,951
3,508
6,580
6,925 39,600
f opt (unit)
2,145
3,704
5,623
8,060
27,716
5,556
769
380
1,613
936
635
E (fact/fopt)
1.70
1.70
1.30
1.60
0.90
1.10
0.32
0.80
0.90
0.20
0.50
f actual (unit)
3,628
6,259
7,213
13,049
24,528
6,113
256
316
1,385
226
860
C actual(tons) 35,202
8,724
6,308
49,978
51,108
20,183
121
6,399
5,306
2,857
11,325
Standard effort DDS
DDS
TN
DDS
DDS
DDS
TN
TN
TN
SHr Tr Shr Tr
DEMERSAL Demersal
571
572
573
711
712
713
714
716
717
121,330
27,917
97,800 553,500
86,006
97,064
22,334
75,816 442,800
4,637
11,015
10,168
0.35
0.40
Py (tons)
255,612 349,704
70,605 482.200 354,692 199,666 107,508
TAC (tons)
204,490 279,763
56,484 385,760 283,754 159,733
f opt (unit) E (fact/fopt) f actual (unit) C actual(tons) Standard effort
7,150 0.34
2,433
10,796
15,603
0.91
1.01
1.09
15,742
10,878
9,799
138,562 131,698
DDS
DDS
9,987
21,056
42,604
0.41
1.58
2,162
3,850
4,023
59,168 191,444 265,381 160,059 106,186
42,859
23,340
DDS
DDS
8,545
DDS
67,271
0.47
715
DDS
BLL
BLL
BLL
9,735 0.28
2,714
718
4,248 0.60
2,533
37,358 245,522
BLL
FN
Exploitation Status by group of species di IFMA, 2013 (draft) WPP-RI 571 Status Stok
Jenis Ikan
DEMERSAL IKAN KARANG PELAGIS KECIL
M
F O
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
F F F O O
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O F F O M WPP-RI 712 Status Jenis Ikan Stok DEMERSAL M IKAN M KARANG PELAGIS M KECIL
WPP-RI 572 Status Jenis Ikan Stok DEMERSAL IKAN KARANG PELAGIS KECIL CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
WPP-RI 716 Status Stok DEMERSAL M IKAN M KARANG PELAGIS M KECIL Jenis Ikan
WPP-RI 711 Status Jenis Ikan Stok DEMERSAL O IKAN F KARANG PELAGIS O KECIL
F M F O
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O O O F
WPP-RI 573 Status Jenis Ikan Stok DEMERSAL F IKAN O KARANG PELAGIS O KECIL CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O O F O M
O F F F M
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O F F F M
WPP-RI 717 Status Stok DEMERSAL M IKAN KARANG F PELAGIS O KECIL
Jenis Ikan
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
WPP-RI 714 Status Stok DEMERSAL M IKAN KARANG M PELAGIS O KECIL Jenis Ikan
F
F F F F
WPP-RI 715 Status Jenis Ikan Stok DEMERSAL M IKAN M KARANG PELAGIS O KECIL
WPP-RI 713 Status Stok
Jenis Ikan
DEMERSAL IKAN KARANG PELAGIS KECIL
O
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR
M
TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O O O
F
M
O
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O F F M M
WPP-RI 718 Status Stok DEMERSAL F IKAN KARANG O PELAGIS O KECIL
Jenis Ikan
CUMI-CUMI PELAGIS BESAR TONGKOL UDANG LOBSTER
O O O F O
F M F M O
IFMA
GROUP OF SPECIES
SHRIMPS - BANANA - TIGER - ENDEVOUR - RAIBOW DEMERSAL - FINGER TREADFIN - GIANT CATFISH - HAIRTAIL - TREADFIN BREAM ,- Coklatan - GOATFISH - SPOTTED BIGEYE - BOMBAY DUCK - LIZZARDFISH -CROACKERS - RED SNAPPERS - SEABASS - TREVALLIES - SOLE
MALACCA W SUMATRA STRAIT IO
S JAVA IO
NATUNA SEA
JAVA SEA
TOMINI ARAFUR MAKASS BANDA BAY SULAWES W A– AR SEA MALUCCA I SEA PASIFIC TIMOR FLORES S SEA SEAS
571
572
573
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
O O M M
O O M M
O O M M
O O M M
O O M M
O O M M
M M M M
O O M M
O O M M
M M M M
O O F M
O O
O
O M
M
F M
F F
O
O F
O O
F F F F
F F O O
Over-exploited Fully-exploited Moderate
M F M F M M F F F
M F
M
M
O
F F F F F
O
F F O O O
F F
F
F
F F
F F
O M
O F O F F
INDONESIAN POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORKS AFFECTING FISHERIES 1950’s GR 64/57 L 4/60 L 1/67 L 6/68 MAD 561/3 MAD 40/74 MAD 607/76 PD 39/80 MAD 503/80 MAD 694/80 MAD 542/81 PI 11/82 PD 85/82 PD 85/83 L 9/85 L 17/85 L 22/99 MAD 392/99 L 25/99 GR 54/2002 L 32/2004 MMFD 16/06 MMFD 03/07 MMFD 38/07 MMFD 05/07 MMFD 05/08 MMFD 01/09 MMFD 27/09 L 21/09 MMFD 06/10 MMFD 16/10 MMFD MMFD MMFD MMFD MMFD
1970’s
1980’s
1990’s
2000’s
2010’s
19571
SHARING AUTHORITY WITH PROVINCES INDONESIAN WATERS FOREIGN INVESTMENT DOMESTIC INVESTMENT BYCATCH EXCLUSION DEVICE BYCATCH FISHING ZONE RESERVE TRAWLING BAN TRAWL MODEL BANNED TRAWL BOUNDARIES TRAWLING LIMITS FOR JAVA, BALI AND SUMATERA LIMITING TRAWLING SHRIMP TRAWL IN ARAFURA OPEN>10M TURTLE EXCLUSION DEVICE (TED)/ (BED) FISH MANAGEMENT – SUSTAIN OPTIMAL UNCLOS RATIFICATION DECENTRALISATION FISHING ZONE, BOAT SIZE, GEAR TYPE 20% REVENUE TO CENTRAL GOVERNMENT FISHERIES BUSINESS DELIVERING RESPONSIBILITIES - PROVINCES FISHING PORTS LETTER OF SEAWORTHINESS SHARING PROV/DISTRICTS VESSEL MONITORING SYSTEMS CAPTURE FISHERIES FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREAS OF INDONESIA FISHING VESSEL LABELING CMSFS & HM S UNIA FISHING GEAR IN FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AREAS LICENSING 30-60 TO PROVINCE STANDARDIZATION FISHING GEAR LOG BOOK STOCK STATUS FISHING ZONE, BOAT SIZE, GEAR TYPE LOG BOOK - OBSERVER
GR: Government Regulation MAD: Ministry of Agriculture Decree PD: Presidential Decree PI: Presidential Initiative L: Law
1960’s
19602 19673 19683 19734 19744 19765 19806 19806 19806 19816 19826 19825 19834 19857 19852 19991 19995 19991 20023 20041 20067 20077 20071 20077 20087 20097 20097 20094 20107 20101 2011 2011 2011 2012 2013
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Sharing authority with Central/Local governments Right to exploit marine biota Investment Bycatch Fishing Zone Fishing Gear Fisheries Management
THANK YOU Duto Nugroho Damianus Suryanto Mahiswara Research Center for Fisheries Management Agency fot Marine and Fisheries Research and Development Jl. Pasir Putih II, Ancol Timur Jakarta Email :
[email protected] www. balitbangkp.kkp.go.id
