WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
Materi
Pengenalan elektronika Dasar
Pertemuan ke II
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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1
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
Pembahasan Materi : • Struktur atom • Struktur atom bahan semikonduktor • Struktur atom silikon dan germanium • Sifat Konduktor, isolator dan semikonduktor pada pembuatan komponen elektronika • Sifat bahan semikonduktor murni • Arus pada semikonduktor Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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2
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
q Atom adalah partikel yang sangat kacil dan terdiri atas proton, neutron. q Proton merupakan partikel subatom yang bermuatan positip q Elektron adalah partikel subatom yang bermuatan negatif. q Sedangkan neutron partikel yang tidak bermuatan. q Ion adalah atom atau gugus atom yang bermuatan listrik. q Molekul merupakan gabungan antara dua atau lebih atom yang sama maupun berbeda. q Hasil percobaan menunjukan semua muatan positif berkumpul pada sebuah titik di tengah-tengah atom yang di sebut inti atom.
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
q Elektron memiliki sifat tarik menarik dengan proton dan tolak menolak sesamanya. Maka lahirlah konsep listrik. Menurut konvensi proton bermuatan positif dan elektron bermuatan negatif sedangkan neutron bersifat netral. Dikatakan netral apabila besarnya muatan negatif pada elektron sama dengan muatan positif pada proton. q Berdasarkan penelitian rutherford yang diteruskan oleh niel borh mengemukakan elektron-elektron dari suatu atom tersusun atas beberapa kulit atau orbit yang berbeda pada jarak yang berbeda dari inti atom.
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
Q
M L K
N
O
P
Inti Atom Maksimum Jumlah elektronelektron : K :2 L :8 M : 18 N : 18 O :8 p :2 Q :-
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
q Elektron valensi adalah elektron-elektron yang terletak di kulit (orbit) terluar sebuah unsur. q Bahan-bahan yang bervalensi 3 atau sering disebut trivalen, membentuk berfungsi membentuk bahan tipe P, bahan tipe P adalah bahan yang kekurangan elektron. q Sedangkan bahan-bahan yang valensi 5 atau pantavalen berfungsi membentuk bahan tipe N. Bahan tipe N ini merupakan bahan yang kelbihan elektron. Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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4
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
Lingkaran Orbit Nama unsur K
L
Baron
2
3
Alumunium
2
8
M
N
O
3
P
Q
Jumlah elektron
Elektron valensi
5
3
13
3
Silikon
14
Fosfor
15
Galium
31
Germanium
32
Arsenikum
33
Indium
49
Antimon
51
Barium
56 Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
Silikon dan germanium adalah bahan semikonduktor yang paling bayak digunakan dalam pembuatan komponen elektronika.
+14
K
l
m
+32
K
l
m n
Silikon
Germanium Tugas : Buat Struktur atom yang lain.
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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5
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
q Konduktor adalah bahan yang konduktivitasnya tinggi sehingga dapat mengaliri arus listrik dengan baik. Contoh : tembaga, seng alumuniu, baja. Dll q Isolator adalah bahan yang tidak dapat menghantarkan listrik karena konduktifitasnya sangar rendah. q Semikonduktor konduktifitasnya di antara konduktor dan isolator. q Jalur energi dapat di bagi menjadi 3 : 1. Jalur valensi (valence band) Penyebab terbentuknya jalur valensi ini adalah adanya ikatan atom yang membangun kristal 2. Jalur konduksi (conduction band) Jalur konduksi adalah tempat elektron-elektron dapat bergerak bebas karena pengaruh gaya tarik inti tidak diperhatikan lagi. 3. Jalur larangan (forbiden band) jalur pemisah antara jalur valensi dengan konduksi Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
Jalur konduksi
Jalur konduksi
Jalur konduksi
eg
eg
Jalur Valensi Jalur Valensi
Konduktor
Jalur Valensi
Semikonduktor
Isolator
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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6
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
q Semikonduktor murni adalah suatu bahan semikonduktor yang tidak di campuri atau di kotori dengan bahan lain. q Sifat bahan semikonduktor murni, hampir sama dengan isolator
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
q Pada semikonduktor dikenal dua macam arus, yaitu arus drift dan difusi. q Arus drift adalah arus yang ditimbulkan oleh mengalirnya muatan-muatan yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan potensial. q Arus difusi dalah arus yang tidak di sebabkan oleh adanya perbedaan tegangan, melainkan akibat gerakan random dari partikel-partikel bermuatan yang disebabkan oleh energi panas. q Potensial listrik dapat didefinisikan sebagai usaha yang diperlukan untuk memindahkan muatan positif sebesar 1 satuan dari tempat tak terhingga ke suatu titik tertentu. Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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7
WinHEC 2008
3/15/2015
Create: Khairil Anwar, ST
© 2008 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Microsoft, Windows, Windows Vista and other product names are or may be registered trademarks and/or trademarks in the U.S. and/or other countries. The information herein is for informational purposes only and represents the current view of Microsoft Corporation as of the date of this presentation. Because Microsoft must respond to changing market conditions, it should not be interpreted to be a commitment on the part of Microsoft, and Microsoft cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information provided after the date of this presentation. MICROSOFT MAKES NO WARRANTIES, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, AS TO THE INFORMATION IN THIS PRESENTATION.
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