AAD'S PRODUCTS FOR E-BUSINESS TRAINING, AND
IMPLEMENTATION PILOT PROJECTS, LANGUAGE COMPETENCES, TRANSNATIONAL NETWORKS AGREEMENT n° 2003 NL/03/B/P/PP/157315 Community programme LEONARDO DA VINCI (Council Decision 1999/382/EC of 26/4/99, OJ L146/EC of 11/06/1999), governed relations between: AGROPRO AGENCY (AAD); Zavadilova 7; Praha; Czech Republic represented by Mr. Zdenek Linhart - chairman,
Praha 2006 1
Table of Content 1 Overview of Derived Needs by Partners..........................................................................................4 1.1 Objective and Methodology......................................................................................................5 1.2 Results: Verification of Skills for Implementation of e-Business.............................................5 1.3 Results of training.....................................................................................................................7 1.4 Discussion: Evaluation.............................................................................................................7 1.5 Conclusion................................................................................................................................9 2 Attachements..................................................................................................................................10 2.1 Web of introductory e-business training, and implementation...............................................12 2.1.1 Úvodní stránka – popis:..................................................................................................13 2.1.1.1 Základní menu nabídka :.........................................................................................13 2.2 Standardized Ordering System...............................................................................................17 2.3 E-shop pro Ital Sport Sail s.r.o. In html language...................................................................21 2.4 E-shop pro Ital Sport Sail s.r.o. In php language....................................................................24 2.4.1 Úvodní stránka – popis :.................................................................................................25 2.4.1.1 Horní menu nabídka :..............................................................................................26 2.4.1.2 Jak se nakupuje :......................................................................................................26 2.4.1.3 Z pohldeu administrátora :......................................................................................29 2.4.1.4 Galerie :...................................................................................................................32 2.4.1.5 Odkaz na stránku výrobce :.....................................................................................34 2.5 BCD Student Hostel................................................................................................................35 2.5.1 Homepage description: ...................................................................................................36 2.5.1.1 Basic offer:..............................................................................................................37 2.5.1.2 Events :....................................................................................................................38 2.5.1.3 Gallery : ..................................................................................................................39 2.5.1.4 Random Image :......................................................................................................41 2.5.1.5 Euroweather : .........................................................................................................41 2.6 Kartex......................................................................................................................................42 2.6.1 Wellcome page:...............................................................................................................42 2.6.2 Introductory page:...........................................................................................................42 2.6.3 Grafické menu : ..............................................................................................................43 2.6.4 Services :.........................................................................................................................43 2.7 e-Business Implementation in Sectors under Transition.........................................................44 2.7.1 Aurinko: Help to Handicapped people............................................................................44 2.8 Management of 155 Garages..................................................................................................46 2.9 e-Communities of project developers.....................................................................................47 2.9.1 Úvodní stránka :..............................................................................................................47 2.9.2 Úvodní stránka – popis :.................................................................................................48 2.9.2.1 Základní menu nabídka : .. Principal menu ...........................................................49 2.9.2.2 Procedures, leadership a records :...........................................................................49 2.9.2.3 Comments................................................................................................................50 2.10 Studentský portál..................................................................................................................52 2.10.1 Úvodní stránka :............................................................................................................52 2.10.2 Úvodní stránka – popis :...............................................................................................53 2.10.2.1 Základní menu nabídka :.......................................................................................54 2.10.2.2 Directory :..............................................................................................................55 2.10.2.3 Photo Directory :...................................................................................................56 2.10.2.4 Events :..................................................................................................................56 2.10.2.5 Login : ..................................................................................................................57 2.10.2.6 Forum : .................................................................................................................59 2
2.10.3 Vkládání projektů :........................................................................................................61 2.10.3.1 My Pages:..............................................................................................................61 2.10.3.2 Editační nástoje :...................................................................................................62 2.10.3.3 Změna úvodní stránky :.........................................................................................63 2.10.3.4 Vložení nové stránky:............................................................................................64 2.10.3.5 Filemanager :.........................................................................................................66 Přihlášení:........................................................................................................................66 Vložení obrázku : .......................................................................................................68 2.11 Intranet..................................................................................................................................69 2.11.1 Company information system, and computer network function of Intranet..................69 2.11.2 Member web space, and design.....................................................................................70 2.11.3 Support for e-communities............................................................................................73 2.11.4 Offer to Run an e-Company..........................................................................................73 2.12 Categorized promotion, and development of e-business projects........................................76 2.12.1 Homepage.....................................................................................................................76 2.12.2 Introduction ...........................................................................................................76 2.12.3 Registering ............................................................................................................77 2.12.4 Creating a Listing ..................................................................................................78 2.12.5 Add new Category.........................................................................................................79 2.12.6 Add new Subcategory....................................................................................................79 2.12.7 Listing View..................................................................................................................80 2.12.8 Writing Reviews............................................................................................................80 2.12.9 Recommend a project....................................................................................................81 2.13 Presentation Installations Course..........................................................................................82 2.13.1 Promotion package........................................................................................................82 2.13.2 Mambo/Jomla installation CD......................................................................................83 2.14 Article: ICT Support Specifying Co-operation Between Members Worldwide. ..................85 2.14.1 Introduction: Situation in Czech co-operatives ............................................................85 2.14.2 Literature overview.......................................................................................................86 2.14.3 Individuals and Co-operative action: Vulnerability to Infection...................................87 2.14.4 Representatives of Populations.....................................................................................88 2.14.5 Objective.......................................................................................................................90 2.14.6 Methods.........................................................................................................................90 2.14.7 Results...........................................................................................................................90 2.14.8 Co-operation by e-Business..........................................................................................91 2.14.9 Improvements in Participant Roles...............................................................................91 2.14.10 Examples of Associative and Community e-Co-operation ........................................91 2.14.11 Topics of Global e-Co-operation.................................................................................93 2.14.12 Mission Selection .......................................................................................................94 3 e-Business Offer and Order Development Training and Implementation......................................95 3.1 Conclusion..............................................................................................................................95 3.2 Literature.................................................................................................................................96
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Report: e-Skills Training, and e-Business Implementation AAD as each other partner of Leonardo da Vinci project was responsible for both e-business implementation, and training. Czech partner Agentura Agropro-cooperative (AAD) have tested own expectations about needs of small and medium enterprises during period of implementation of ebusiness tools, and training. Experience of other project participants was also taken into account by following way
1 Overview of Derived Needs by Partners Other partners in the project selected following approach to find customer for their products:
PARTNER S' NAME
PRO-CUSTOMER APPROACH
ACTA EFITA NEWSLETTER CREATED DEPENDENCE, AND REDINESS INFORMATIQUE OF CUSTOMERS TO PAY FOR TRAININGS MISAL
ISSUED BOOKLET EXPECTING THAT CUSTOMERS WILL ORDER CONSULTATIONS, AND TRAINING FROM THEM.
INHOLLADND
MANAGERS HAVE GOT CONFIDENCE THROUGH RESEARCH DATA BEGINNING TO BELIEVE, AND USE THE INHOLLAND'S CONCEPT OF MARKET SEGMENTATION
SINTRA
SUPPLIER'S WEB PAGE, AND INTEREST WERE HIDDEN BEHIND PERSONALISED WEB PAGES, WHICH SHOWED PURELY POINTS OF CUSTOMER'S INTEREST
NHTV
MARKET SEGMENT OF TOURISTS WAS SELECTED. IMPLEMENTED 2TRAVEL2.NET PORTAL WITH TRAINING OF ESALESMAN. SALARY FOR E-SALESMAN IS GAINED FROM AFFILIATE PROGRAMS OF EXISTING BUSINESS NETWORKS LIKE HOTELS, CAR RENTALS, OR OTHER SECTORS.
AAD
MARKET SEGMENT OF E-LOVERS, AND PEOPLE WHO CANNOT ESCAPE FROM PREPARED TRAININGS WAS SELECTED. SIMPLE TRAINING IN BUILDING E-BUSINESS ARCHITECTURE FROM OPEN SOURCE SOFTWARE WAS DEVELOPED. E-BUSINESS WAS IMPLEMENTED INTO SAMPLE BUSINESSES WITH THE INTENTION TO ASK E-COMMUNITY TO DIFFERENTIATE THIS SECTOR FURTHER TO OFFER THE CHOICE TO CUSTOMERS. Table 1: Selected case studies of e-business project
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Summary of approaches of different partners are over simplified by purpose. The intention was to show the main differences. Target groups differ in following way: course participants (Acta), readers (Misal), managers INHOLLAND), farmers (Syntra), tourists (NHTV), poeople under pressure (AAD) Customer involvement differ, and is managed by pretending to be: a fresh information supplier (Acta), expert (Misal), the strategic solution (INHOLLAND), customer itself (Syntra), well organized, and rich information source for specific situation (NHTV), carrier over own laziness (AAD). and approach of e-business supplier. Now, it is clear that AAD is different trying explain in the following text how to harvest potential of its differentiation. Evaluation criteria of market segment targeting, customer involvement, and approach of e-business supplier show that evaluation, and targeting of the new e-business project is difficult.
1.1 Objective and Methodology The objective of AAD was to use case studies of other partners, and develop e-business training, and implementation. Gained experiences from unstructured interviews, and written reports of course participants, and developers were evaluated by method of comparison with case studies, and literature resources.
1.2 Results: Verification of Skills for Implementation of e-Business e-Skills (Scheme 1), which are useful for e-business application were identified. It is responsibility of supplier of e-technology to satisfy “psychological aspects” of user, and ensure that e-business implementing staff can design a tailor made solution using a “scientific discipline”. All nine developed web pages are related through these two operators. All case studies, and trainings were developed under support of Leonardo da Vinci EU program.
Shopping and information needs
Study will: e-Tests letting know to participants the terminology
Psychological aspects
Entrepreneurial will: Matching leisure time with e-skills e-Data handling / mining skills
ecommunication design: one (newcomer) to seven (repeated sales) clicks
Scientific discipline
Training
e-Shop
Self help. Saving costs.
Cash
Scheme 1: Relations, and proliferation of e-skills by training participant
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Psychological aspects are handled by e-salesman under affiliate programs with the purpose to get the first sale. If the buyer learns the scientific discipline s/he is ready to buy goods in e-shops. A will to study, an entrepreneurial will, and data handling skills (see left part of the scheme 1) are necessary skills of staff. The will to read, and click (see right part of the scheme 1) until the transaction is complete must be done by buyer. Traditional businesses offer two opportunities either to buy (see output on the right bottom side) or to develop (see output on the left bottom side). It is possible to do both buy, and develop with support of e-Business case studies of AAD (scheme 1). Web page references (Scheme 2) show how above mentioned principles were implemented as ebusiness applications for starting, small, and medium companies. The scheme 2 includes details into the structure of the scheme 1. Some of web links are in English, and other in Czech language as they were developed for Czech clients. Input web link http://www.vvaltr.com was designed also. Five language mutations of the ordering system were implemented. Other details were attached to this condensed but simple core of ebusiness of the small or medium company. Standardized ordering system (SOS) was developed by professional software company. The reason why this web page inviting for huntings on input to the e-business scheme is that it demonstrate what should be ordered from e-salesman. Efficient web page for affiliate programs should be written in html, because search machines find nothing in pages designed in php.
http://www.vvaltr.com
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_formmma1.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_formmma2.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_form_ebeu.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/Test_formpp2.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_formpp3.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_formpp4.php http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/testy/test_formpp1.php
Psychological aspects
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/bcd http://aad.eb-eu.cz/Members/Heryxe http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/home/ http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/ls0506/
Scientific discipline
e-business impact on sales: one click getting new buyer to seven clicks getting repeated sales
http://www.eb-eu.cz/seznam_projektu.php http://www.italsportsail.cz http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/jitka/
CMS installation CD, affiliate programs training
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/aurinko/index-a.htm http://www.kartex.cz/ http://aad.eb-eu.cz/ http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/gdd/ http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/etika/ http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/poradci/
Scheme 2: Web links of implemented results
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Cash
The content of e-community portals (scheme 2) show that it is not needed to have a company to run e-business. Both the purchase/sale, and self help can be done by individual. This is one of many important conclusions. But a question remains if all the implemented web pages generate desired independence of participants of e-business courses, and e-communities. The evidence is that participants of e-community portals created its content, and learned from it. It must be admitted honestly that the content is not consistent yet. So, how to improve the consistency of e-community portals? By invitation of relevant people there who start to integrate their offers. Pages of hostel or e-shop were created by affiliated student to Agentura Agropro Co-operative. Therefore, each referred case in the scheme 2 needs a more detailed explanation for both edeveloper, and his customer. All webs of this kind are based on content management system (CMS) Mambo/ Jomla, and its components. But the above mentioned training of both supplying staff, and ordering customer is needed. The explanation must clarify front end buyer’s intentions, and back end suppliers possibilities, and its relations. Data can be required from buyer by database, completing transaction by one click ordering page i.e. http://www.vvaltr.com, or multiple clicks like in e-shops i.e. http://www.italsportsail.cz. The pro-customer e-communication design is between these two. Pro-customer e-communication design of e/shops is not needed if the core of communication deals with information systems for well known processes in companies. Information systems were not developed as they are available as components of open source software already. E-business course participants solve traditional misunderstandings between programmers and managers internalizing processes by e-tools. Therefore, both managers and companies are not needed.
1.3 Results of training Samples of implemented e-businesses are Kartex publishers, BCD hostel (Attachment BCD), ordering of hunting (Attachment Hunting), and yacht e-shop were implemented. Samples of training developing e-business tools are four portals for students, and two free training courses agenda. Attachment EB-EU shows the initial idea for invitation to courses, which was finally simplified into one page invitation (Attachment http://linhart.eb-eu.cz). Intranet (Attachment http://aad.ebeu.cz/Members/Heryxe), and project presentation portals were used for two hundred Spanish students, and over 1000 Czech students (Attachment HOME). Each training activity was evaluated, and mistakes corrected in the next step. Intentions leading to the design of above mentioned pages are in attachments with the same names as above mentioned.
1.4 Discussion: Evaluation Categories showing possible intentions of project developing participants are used for evaluation. Category shows developmental intention as combination of two conditions. Each category can bring full ideological satisfaction. Categories are used by project evaluators. Subcategories show simplify meaning of category into selected specific product. This simplification is needed for beginers. Of course that features of one product can place it into different categories. Finally, evaluation criteria are used to evaluate the project. Criteria measure effect of stable values (input, output), and changing values (processes) in following dimensions: Attractiveness of formulated offer is evaluating cross border opportunities between categories. For example investment incentives, fraud, cross broder profit transfers, promotion of contradicting values for consumer pretenders like safety, and adventure, social economy shifts. Value of plans is measured by economic criteria and effect on volume of movement Reliability of procedures are measured on inputs of project (resources, products, improvements, and leadership), processes managed by professionals (market, money, production, people, surroundings), and meaning of outputs for environment (nature, intensification, protection, society) 7
Records are evaluating all previous criteria from three points of view. These are objectives (tageting), added value by own skills (proffesionality), and readiness of self control criteria (sensitivity) Desired values, and processes were mentioned above. It will be difficult to measure them, and even worse to explain its general meaning. There are many different approaches for measuring meaning of impulses or needs. For example Maslow, and other motivation theories. Developmental approach (Lee, 19897) was selected because it is suitable for innovation development through projects evaluation.Also Nico van Hemert from Inholland elaborated this principal in direction of strategic management for top managers, and owners. Direction of recognizability of features by ebusiness trainees is followed here.
Scheme 3: Developmental market segmentation
Categories proliferation is differentiated between both recognizability, and identity, which can have zero or infinite values. The intention of this scheme is to show how AAD's selected market segment of projects, and membership (right down corner) complements with market segments of other partners of e-business LdV project. Category „PROPERTY“ shows efforts, which can be identified by keywords: „The objective is to implement“, or purchase, sale, and so on. Representatives of this category want to „pursue“ themselves. Therefore typical products (subcategories) are cosmetics, fashion, cars, and houses for prestige. SYNTRA satisfied this typical feature of farmers. Category: Travel to find principle can be identified by keywords: It works well there already. Therefore typical products (subcategories) are cars, tourism. NHTV satisfied this typical feature of tourists.
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Category: Power can be identified by keywords: „Organize the training“, „selection of participants“, and so on. Therefore typical products (subcategories) are cameras, computers, trainings. Booklets of Misal are usefull beginning for such training. 9 Category: Membership can be identified by keywords: „target segment“, „my added value“, „decision made after criteria ...“. ACTA have built conspiracy trust between readers of its Efita journal, NHTV convinced managers that others can follow their strategies only if they use developmental segmentation, and AAD convinced trainees that only their own skills are necessary to become part of e-suppliers' network. Therefore, all implemented products (subcategories or pages) of AAD belong to right down corner (Scheme 3) even if deal with social services (Aurinko), ordering difficulties (SOS, Kartex), cheap services (BCD), mutual communication (AAD.EB-EU.CZ intranet), rural market stall, garages maintaining co-operative, student projects prom oting portals, and so on. The only implemented portal – yacht goods selling e-shop belongs to the right top corner, and needs to be accompanied with membership principles increasing loyalty, and repeated sales. This is currently done throu fashion shows, which are organized on different competitions.
1.5 Conclusion Description of eleven implemented e-business tools is attached. All of them lead to the last portal of e-community of e-business developers. All these trial results confirm the way from other corners (Scheme 3) to the right down corner of co-ergulated identity, and unknown destination point because all e-business projects merge there. This portal was successfully tested during Summer School in August 2006, and further applications are under preparation. Final remark is about marketable value of teaching students e-business implementation skills. It can be compared with marketable value of personnel agencies. Authors of implemented e-businesses manage development of SMEs. By other words, courses, and collaborators of AAD begun to work on the level of top management of SMEs. It is true that some SMEs were not capable to run sustainable web pages. The reason of abandonment of the designed web communication system is that contact manager of SME was employed by high regional administration. It means that effects of implemented e-business upgrade value of participant also.
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2 Attachements Attachements are introduced in English here because some of products are in Czech language, and reader can see just pictures of screens, and its features. 1. http://www.eb-eu.cz. This protal was ordered in the beginning. It was intended to use for offers of e-business courses. Unfortunatelly, it was not much to offer in that time. Therefore, later the offer of products with samples of implemented e-businesses was attached to this portal. The content of displayed information on this portal is improved after experience of each year experiments. Repeated updates proves that concept of this portal covered from the beginning all general issues. 2. Standardized Ordering systém (SOS), and its implementations SOS was ordered from cooperating software company. Estimated price is EUR 100. It is user friendly application of MySQL open source database, which can publish order application forms in five languages. Applications are at http://www.vvaltr.com, and html e-shop http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/jitka, which processes order by four clicks of customer. It is very fast but, it was never implemented. The company finally hvae chosen for slower but more options offering phpshop 3. PHPSHOP is e-shop under Mambo/Jomla content management open source software systém – http://www.slamobchod.cz. This is fully used e-shop 4. PHPSHOP 5. BCD hostel web offers lodging to Summer visitors of Prague in the name of its employees who get provision from increased turnover – http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/bcd. 6. Kartex publishing company fully uses the developed web http://www.kartex.cz . This ebusiness implementation was done by two Spanish students of informatics, and promotion. One week training, and office equipment of AAD, and practical placement in Kartex company for seven week was organized for them, and their result was fully accepted by the company. 7. E-Business tools for sectors under transition. Two webs were implemented into services for handicapped Aurinko http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/aurinko, and co-operative with 155 garages in three floor building. Both sectors have no permanent staff. Just contrary. Managers who participated on development of thewe webs gained new skills, and got job in regional administration. 8. e-Communities of project developers. Several e-communities were tested. Two of them, which use different principles will be shown here. One of principles is transferring pages of e-community members using wrappers. The name of the page is LINH2. Here, project presentions were done in Plone intranet, and wrapped to the Mambo environment. The scond one is ready made component of Mambo. Name of the page is HOME. It was tested with 600 participants. Ten of them worked in the same moment, usually from home. If any problems emerged, then the home Internet connection caused them usually. These ecommunities are archived now because on decline of interest of their memebers after their fulfiled their mission.
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9. Intranet is used for many purposes. Members of e-community can design web pages in their private space, and public documents can be displayed in public place. This function is not used for large groups, because server had problem with 30 working participants in the same time. Full screen presentations can be published without any sign showing that they belong to the intranet. 10. Categorized promotion, and development of e-business projects. Technology is fast developing. Members are getting higlhy motivated, and busy with assignments of companies for which they run e/business applications. Therefore, the last experiment leaves all developmental detailes to previous tools, and creates environment for competition, and promotion of e-products 11. Four hours courses of presentation installation of Mambo / Jomla content management open source software were developed. Promotion of these courses tested many forms. Newspapers, web links promotion, banner promotion. The most appealing was invitation page on paper, and on web http://linhart.eb-eu.cz. Multiple choice tests, invitation, and principal rules for e-salesmens' income generation are accessible right from this page through hyperlinks. 12. Article: ICT Support Specifying Co-operation Between Members Worldwide. It was published in Segorbe – Valencia symposium of International Co-operative Alliance conference. This article was presented in the beginning of the Leonardo da Vinci program. It is attached to compare results with initial ideas, and to learn how perception of developers proliferated. Note: Some comments, and web pages are in English, others in Czech language. It depend on time, money, and wishes of users.
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2.1 Web of introductory e-business training, and implementation Projekt : Project : URL : Administrator:
e-business v EU e-business in EU www.eb-eu.cz Beneta
Popis : Stránky vytvořené pro program Leonardo da Vinci v ČR pro podporu školení a zavádění elektronického obchodu (e-business) v malých a středních firmách. Celoevropský portál tohoto programu v angličtině se nachází na http://www.ebusiness-sme.nl Content: Web pages are showing introduction information to Leonardo da Vinci program. Training, and implementation of e-business projects are two database lists displazed there. Also list of partners from other EU countries, FAQ, ans contact details are available only in Czech language. The English version was done bz NHTV partner comparising all other partners at http://www.ebusiness-sme.nl/ Pozn. : Podpora pouze češtiny Úvodní stránka :
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2.1.1 Úvodní stránka – popis: Úvodní stránka se skláda ze základního meny a těla (obsah menu nabídky - texty, forum, projekty...)
2.1.1.1 Základní menu nabídka : Obsahuje celkem 6 meny položek .
Úvod
Úvodní stánka s uvítáním a základními informacemi o projektech
Seznam akcí Projekty Partneři FAQ Kontakt Projekty
Seznam připravovaných akcí pod záštitou programu Leonardo da Vinci v ČR Seznam projektů které proběhli pod záštitou programu Leonardo da Vinci v ČR Seznam partneru programu Často kladené otázky Kontakt na zodpovědné osoby Modifikaci vybraného projektu si lze vybrat ze seznamu a objednat …
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Projects
Listed sample projects are simplifzing an order formulation by client.
Po kliknutí na Přihlásit se nebo na „detaily“, již stačí pouze vyplnit objednávkový formulář a objednávka je zaznamenána v databázi After click on Přihlásit se or „detaily“ the order application form appears. Fill it, and apply clicking on Přihlásit se. And order goes to the database..
Offer is created in user friendly programmed MYSQL database. There are two lists of offers. One of them is for products, the second one is for projects.
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Orders appear also in this database.
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2.2 Standardized Ordering System Order can be included as hyperling into any web page. Example shows order hyperlinks in five languages on the bottom of the following page:
The order form appearing by clicking on Deer hunting is following: Click on € sign on the front page or click on the order application form shows the price list.
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It is essential for hunter to decide if he has enough money to pay for deer, which came, and can be shot. Therefore, the price list must be well memorized by the hunter. Explanation about insurance, hunting licence, transport, and hotel are in English because business terminology in English is respected Worldwide. All order application forms are designed by administrator in user friendly Mysql open source database.
Any language can be assigned
Database generates the text of hyperling, which is pasted on the proper place of the web page.
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This is what administrator should do. This operation is too complicated for people from the goods supplying company. Therefore, they have different access to delivered orders, and make the shipment.
The company interface can be in any language. Details of the order can be seen, its state can be changed, and notes assigned.
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2.3 E-shop pro Ital Sport Sail s.r.o. In html language This standardised ordering system is fully sufficient for simple, but fast e-shop. First click:
Second click:
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Third click:
Company interface for shipments, and administrator acces to the order application for design are the same as was described above.
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Complete ordering database has its frontpage from where all offers can be ordered
Page behind shows offers of hunting, and order application form shows the offer of help to handicapped people. It means that very different or uniformed assortment can be displayed. Designer of SOS should think it over.
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2.4 E-shop pro Ital Sport Sail s.r.o. In php language
URL : Administrátor:
http://slamobchod.cz Jan Linhart
Popis : E-shop podporující kamenný obchod Ital Sport Sailu ve Spálené ulici. Úvodní stránka :
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2.4.1 Úvodní stránka – popis :
1. Zboží 2. Řadič 3. Zobrazí 4. Stránky 5. Poznámka 6. Podkategorie 7. Horní menu 8. Cesta 9. Název 10.Domény 11.Logo 12.Košík 13.Menu obchodu 14.Hledej 15.Login 16.Nabídka 17.Banner
Nabídka zboží v kategorii Seřadí dle názvu a ceny Zobrazí zvloený počet zboží na stránku Zobrazuje počet stránek se stejným zbožím Vysvětlení, co je v kategorii Rozdělení zboží v kategorii na podkategorie Vše kolem obchodu, firmy dodávající a výrobce Zobrazí, kde se na stránkách nacházíte Název firmy dodávající Domény, které odkazují na obchod Logo výrobce Zobrazí stav nákupu Rozdělení obchodu Najde zboží Přihlásí jak administrátora, tak zákazníka Rotující nabídka náhodného zboží Výměnný banner
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2.4.1.1 Horní menu nabídka : Obsahuje celkem 6 položek .
Home
Úvodní stánka
Jak nakupovat
Návod provázející zákazníka obchodem
Slam.com
Odkaz na domovské stránky výrobce
Velkoobchod
Pozvánka na spolupráci ve velkém
Galerie
Gallerie obrázků z přehlídek
Konakty
Adresa, e-mail, telefon...
2.4.1.2 Jak se nakupuje : Vybereme zboží z nabídky. Pro zvětšení náhledu klikneme na obrázek. Pro zobrazení podrobností klikneme na nadpis. Rozhodneme-li se nakupovat, klikneme na Přidat do košíku.
V podrodrobnostech zvolíme velikost, barvu, a množství. Klikneme na Přidat do košíku.
Obsah košíku je vidět z každé stránky e-shopu v pravém sloupci. V košíku si zákazník zkotroluje co všechno si kupuje a za jakou cenu. Může se rozhodnout pokračovat v nakoupování a vkládání dalšího zboží do košíku, nebo zaplatit, což přesněji znamená objenat. 26
Průvodce objednáváním intuitivně povede zákazníka. Zde se od něj majitelka dozví potřebné údaje. Zákazník si také může přečíst obchodní podmínky.
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Poté, co se zákazník zaregistruje, následuje opětovná rekapitulace a výběr adresy dodání. Pokud má zákazník slevový kód, může ho zadat.
Výběr způsobu platby i s potřebnými informacemi.
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Dál následuje poslední krok, kdy zákazník kontroluje a potvrzuje objednávku. Případně může k objednávce připsat cokoliv si přeje. Objednávka se uloží do administrační úroně a zároveň se odešle do e-mailové schránky obchodu. Zákazníkovi se odešle na jeho e-mail potvruení o přijetí objednávky.
2.4.1.3 Z pohldeu administrátora : Stačí se zaregistrovat jako administrátor... (Práva administrátora se mohou nastavit bezpočtu osob)
...a v pravém sloupci se zobrazí další menu. Do administrace e-shopu se dostaneme přes tlačítko Administrace.
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Dostaneme se do nabídky, která zahrnuje veškeré nastavení e-shopu. Od přidávání kategorií, výrobků, upload jejich obrázků až po nastavení způsobů placení a nastavení DPH.
Například se podíváme, jak vypadají objednávky.
Seznam objednávek se objeví v přehledné tabulce se základními údaji jako datum, cena a v jakém stavu je vyřizování.Po vybrání objednávky se objeví všechny potřebné údaje. Tyto informace vám dorazí i na firemní mail.
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Dále se podíváme na to, jak přidat zboží.Z horního menu vybereme Zboží -->Přidat zboží.
Při přidávání zboží můžeme vybírat z velkého množství možností Například přidání podrobného popisu, obrázků, příbuzných položek, kusy na skladě...
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2.4.1.4 Galerie :
Po kliknutí na nápis Galerie v horním menu se objeví nabídka akcí s popisem, na kterých se firma podílela.
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Poté, co si vyberete z nabídky, zobrazífotografie, které mohou zákazníka inspirovat ke koupi. Samozřejmě zvětšení fotografie není problém.
se
Administrovat galerii je stejně snadné jako u administrace e-shopu. Stačí se přihlásit jako administrátor a vytvářet nabídky akcí a uploadovat fotografie není problém.
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2.4.1.5 Odkaz na stránku výrobce :
Sice odkzaujeme na stránky výrobce, ale děláme tak pomocí i-farmes. To znamená, žezákazník vidí stránku výrobce, ale neopustí e-shop.
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2.5 BCD Student Hostel Project :
Web of student hostel BCD
URL :
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/bcd
Administrator:
Jan Vávra
Content: Offer of cheap rooms during Summer holidays in student hostel Pozn. : Podpora angličtiny a češtiny Homepage:
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2.5.1 Homepage description:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Main Menu Body Language Calendar Euroweather Random gallery image Random image
Základní menu nabídka Obsah menu nabídky (texty, forum, projekty...) Přepínač jazyků (čestina/angličtina) Kalendář se seznamem událostí Aktualní předpověď počasí nejenom v Praze Náhodně vybraný obrázek z gallerie Náhodně vybraný obrázek
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2.5.1.1 Basic offer: It contains 10 items Home
Úvodní stánka s uvítáním
Accommodation
Informace ohledně ubytování
Information
Obecné informace
Search
Vyhledávaní na stránkách
Gallery
Galleri obrázků koleje a okolí
Price List
Seznam cen
Forum
Dotazy potencionálních zákazníků
Events
Seznam událostí
Links
Odkazy na zajímavé stránky
Contacts us
Kontakt na vedoucí koleje a provozovatele webu
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2.5.1.2 Events : V položce „events“ jsou napsány datumy údalostí, které by mohli zákazníka zajímat. Do položky „events“ se dá dostat buďto přes minikalendář, nebo přes meny položky „ events“ Events are marked, and accessible through minicalendar or menu item.
Na obrázku jsou vidět znázorněné dva datumy – 22. a 29. června ... 22nd and 29th June serve as the example of marked event.
Po kliknutí na kalendář si můžeme prohlédnout detaily těchto událostí … Click on calendar opens details of each event.
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2.5.1.3 Gallery : Galerie je rozdělena do tří kategorii : Sport,Interiér,Exteriér Gllery is structured into three categories: Sport, Interiers, Exteriers
Po kliknutí na vybranou kategorii, si můžem prohlédnout její obsah … Click opens pictures of selected category. The sport category is shown in this case.
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Příslušnou fotku lze samozřejmně zvětšit … Each picture can be magnified Fotku lze hodnotit, komentovat … Notes, or evaluations can be attached
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2.5.1.4 Random Image :
Každý z náhodně vybraných obrázků linkuje na konkrétní kategorii . Gallery of categories randomly selects the picture, and always from all categories are represented
2.5.1.5 Euroweather : Informace o aktualní předpovědi počasí. Po kliknutí na „details“ si můžeme zjistit aktualní povětrnostní podmínky, rychlost větru, vlhkost atd... Weather information is always fresh. Click displays details of the respective geographic location.
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2.6 Kartex Projekt :
Kartex
URL :
http://www.kartex.cz/
Administrator:
Kartex
Popis : Stránky prezentující tiskárny KARTEX, vytvořené v macromedia FLASH. Content: Web pages of publishing company Kartex. Macromedia FLASH was used for animations Pozn. : FLASH intro animace, vícejazyčná podpora Note: Three languages are offered for selection after welcome animation, which is made in FLASH.
2.6.1 Wellcome page: Animation of moving curves, and colored points appears on the screen. First time visitors are prepared by animation to future discussions about complexity of offset, and publishing technology. Skip Intro icon enables to repeated visitors to go straight to the information needed.
2.6.2 Introductory page:
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2.6.3 Grafické menu : Horní meny je plně grafické s flash animací Top graphic manu has Flash animation
Po kliknutí na jednu z menu nabídek se rozbalí kategorie … Category appears after clicking on any of offered items ...
2.6.4 Services : Gallerie názorných obrázků, jak probíhá tisk. Gallery shows the process of print, and equipment needed.
Obrázek lze samozřejmně zvětšit ... Each picture can be magnified ... 43
2.7 e-Business Implementation in Sectors under Transition 2.7.1 Aurinko: Help to Handicapped people Aurinko is company organizing help to handicapped people
Staff of the company is paid by hour. Therfore the weeklu schedule with prices, and ordering button is connected with SOS order processing English, and Czech versions are available.
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2.8 Management of 155 Garages Garage cooperative is under transformation. Owners of garage units registered them in property registration office, and formed Association of owners of units. Both organizations need to communicate.
Actually two documents for garage unit registration are available on the homepage. Click on either Co-operative or Association opens access to its procedures in the left bar.
Co-operative is still manages the building. Association is getting decision making power. It is not excluded that after privatization an object management software will be attached to this page to inform all interested parties what is going on in the bock of garages. 46
2.9 e-Communities of project developers Projekt :
Portál pro Španělské studenty
Project:
Portal of Web Communicators
URL :
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/linh/ http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/linh2
Administrator:
Jan Vávra
Popis : Cílem stránky bylo prezentovat projekty vytvořené Španělskými studenty. Content: Spanish students create their web pages during three weeks lasting Summer School in Prague. This portal helps to evaluate, and present advantages of individual web solutions. Pozn. : První projekt tohoto typu, byl pouze zkušební a v dnešní době se již neudržuje ... Note: This project is not maintained any more, but succeeded to test one developmental step.
2.9.1 Úvodní stránka :
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2.9.2 Úvodní stránka – popis :
1. Main Menu 2. Body 3. Bookmark us
Základní menu nabídka Obsah menu nabídky (texty, forum, projekty...) Přidá stránku do položky oblíbené v prohlížeči
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2.9.2.1 Základní menu nabídka : .. Principal menu Obsahuje celkem 9 meny položek . Homepage Procedures Leadership Records Search Contacts Links Forum Sitemap
Úvodní stánka s uvítáním
Vyhledávaní na stránkách Kontakt na provozovatele webu Odkazy na zajímavé stránky Dotazy studentů, případně na administratora stránek Mapa stránek – pro lehkou orientaci
2.9.2.2 Procedures, leadership a records : Projekty španělských studentů, které vznikaly na adrese aad.eb-eu.cz byly vloženy wraperem (link) právě do těhto tří položek meny. Projects in pdifferent period of development, and different priorities elaboration were inserted into following categories or menu items.
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Každá meny položka má několik podkategorii (seznam studentů, seznam introtextů … ).
2.9.2.3 Comments Projekty se dali jednoduše komentovat, případně ohodnotit.
Pozn. Pro vložení jednoho studenta bylo nutné udělat specialní html stránku která odkazovala na html stránky studenta. Html stránky byly předem studentovi vytvořeny, tak aby mohl wraper odkazovat vždy na stejnou html stránku akorát v jiné složce (složka se jménem studenta). 50
Každé z tlačítek (personal, financial …), bylo nalinkováno tak aby se daná stránka (personal.html,financial.html …) daného studenta zobrazovala pod meny nabídkou. Tento způsob se záhy stal velice pracným a zbytečně složitým … The second portal of the same kind was developed for a course with different topic. But, e-business tools were used there also.
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2.10 Studentský portál Projekt :
Studentský portál
URL :
http://linhart.eb-eu.cz/home/
Administrator:
Jan Vávra
Popis : Cílem stránky bylo zlepšení komunika mezi studenty a cvičícími. Studenti zde mohly prezentovat své vypracované projekty a nechat si je ohodnotit nejen od cvičících. Systém stánek byl vytvořen tak aby ukládání projektů bylo co nejsnadnější.
Pozn. : Podpora angličtiny a češtiny
2.10.1 Úvodní stránka :
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.
2.10.2 Úvodní stránka – popis :
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Main Menu Body Login Language Calendar Hodiny/kalendář Who is online
Základní menu nabídka Obsah menu nabídky (texty, forum, projekty...) Přihlašovací modul Přepínač jazyků (čestina/angličtina) Kalendář se seznamem událostí Grafické hodiny (flash) Počet online uživatelů
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2.10.2.1 Základní menu nabídka : Obsahuje celkem 11 meny položek . Homepage
Úvodní stánka s uvítáním a základními informacemi jak pracovat s portálem Informace o novinkách/změnách na portále Adresář s registrovanými uživateli stánek Fotografický adrésář s registrovanými uživateli stánek Informace jak pracovat s poratálem s názornými animacemi Seznam událostí Přihlášení/registrování uživatele Dotazy studentů na cvičící, případně na administratora stránek Vyhledávaní na stránkách Kontakt na provozovatele webu Odkazy na zajímavé stránky
News Directory Photo Dir. Help Events Login Forum Search Contacts Links
2.10.2.2 Directory :
1. Name
Skutečné jméno uživatele
2. Username
Přihlašovací jméno uživatele – linkuje přímo na projekt vytvořený uživatelem
3. Usertype
Pravomoce uživatele Super Administrator Tvůrce stránek Registered Pouze vkládání projektů
4. Last login
Datum posledního přihlášení uživatele
5. Search
Vyhledávání v seznamu uživatelů
6. Listování 7. Display
Počet zobrazených uživatelů na jednu stránku 54
2.10.2.3 Photo Directory : Uživatel stránek má možnost na portálu zveřejnit svojí fotografii. Po kliknutí na fotografii se otevře okno s projektem uživatele.
2.10.2.4 Events : V položce „events“ jsou napsány datumy údalostí, na které by student neměl zapomenout . Do položky „events“ se dá dostat buďto přes minikalendář, nebo přes meny položky.
Na obrázku jsou vidět znázorněné dva datumy – 22. a 29. června ...
Po kliknutí na kalendář si můžeme prohlédnout detaily těchto událostí … Uživatel stránek může do kalendáře vkládat vlastní poznámky, které ale vidí pouze on. Může Může si nastavit čas připomenutí, čas vypršení atd ...
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2.10.2.5 Login : Login slouží k přihlášení nebo k vytváření uživatelského účtu.
Pro vytvoření účtu stačí v modulu login kliknout na „create one“ …
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Nyní stačí pouze vyplnit příslušné údaje v registraci …
Nyní musí nově registrovaný uživatel počkat na administratora až mu poskytne práva publikovat na stránkách svůj projekt.
Po schválení již není problém se přihlásit pomocí svého uživatelského jména „username“ a hesla „password“
2.10.2.6 Forum : Forum slouží k lehké komunikaci mezi projektanty a cvičícími, a druhá mezi uživateli stránek a správcem webu.
Forum je rozděleno do dvou kategorii. První kategorie „konzultace cvičících“ slouží ke komunikaci mezi projektanty a cvičícími. Druhá kategorie „problémy s webem“ slouží ke komunikaci mezi uživateli stránek a správcem webu.
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Ukázka z kategorie konzultace cvičících
Ukázka z jednoho náhodně vypraného „topiku“ v kategorii konzultace cvičících
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2.10.3 Vkládání projektů : Vytvořím si imaginárního studenta s „username“ „vavnoh“, a administratorem mu povolím prezentovat svůj projekt. Vyplním přihlašovací formulář … Zaškrtnu si políčko „Remember me“, tak abych byl při příští návštěvě stránek automaticky přihlášen ...
Po přihlášení se mi objevilo v horní části obrazovky tlačítko „My Pages“ …
2.10.3.1 My Pages:
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Po kliknutí na „My Pages“ se rozbalí nabídka ...
1.Úvodní stránka 2.Přehled vytvořřených stránek - stránky které lze libovolně měnit 3.Editační nástroje
2.10.3.2 Editační nástoje : Vytvoří nový formulář Vytvoří novou stránku Upraví vybranou stránku / formulář Filemanager – upload obrázků a dokumentů Delete Listování mezi stránkami Upraví vybranou stránku / formulář
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2.10.3.3 Změna úvodní stránky : Pro změnu osobních údajů, stačí kliknout na úvodní stránku „Honza Vávra“ a následně kliknout na tlačítko edit …
Výsledek …
Stejným způsobem lze editovat jakoukoliv jinou položku meny. 61
2.10.3.4 Vložení nové stránky: Pro vložení nové stránky stačí kliknout na
Page title
Nadpis stránky
Menu text
Nadpis stránky v meny
tlačítko„Vytvoření nové stránky „
Access level Umožnuje uživateli stránku před ostatními skrýt Text lze jednoduše naformátovat přes editační lištu, která obsahuje všechny potřebné editační nástroje pro formátovaní textu včetně podpory tabulek. Pozn.: Nejvhodnější je text vložit na stánky nenaformátovaný a naformátovat ho až zde na stránkách. Studentům se často stávalo, že text vložili z wordu a text se jim rozházel. 62
Výsledek …
1.Page title 2.Menu text
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2.10.3.5 Filemanager : Pomocí filemanageru lze snadno uloadovat soubory na server a na tyto soubory pak snadno odkazovat v projektu. Například obrázky, dokumenty (word,pdf …) nebo například vaší fotku, která bude umístěna na úvodní stránce.
Přihlášení:
Nejdříve je nutno se přihlásit, přihlašovací jméno i heslo zůstává stále stejné …
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Vložení obrázku :
Vložit obrázek lze snadno přes filemanager. Fotografie stačí uploadnout pod názvem imageid.jpg a systém jí již automaticky vloží na úvodní stránku.
Výsledek …
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2.11 Intranet Intranet offers support to member, e-community, serves as company information system, and computer network
2.11.1 Company information system, and computer network function of Intranet The front page picture shows the structure of Intranet, which is very similar to folders of computer.
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2.11.2 Member web space, and design Search for members is very usefull tool of Intranet
After searching the picture with hyperling to member|'s pages appears.
A click on the name of member (Heryxe) opens her pages
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This web was created by Spanish student in English language in three weeks during the Summer School in Prague.
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Content, and many tools for import of documents, installation of forums, and sharing rights with other members of e-community are available in own webspace
2.11.3 Support for e-communities Different groups of visitors get own folder, and access to generally appealing folders like lectures, guides, an in their own folder they have calendar of activities.
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2.11.4 Offer to Run an e-Company Members who enjoy e-community, and are willing to join e-company are offered by its rules, products, history, and plans. New companies split from initial AAD
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Some members just join e-communityfor a while, and do a piece of work like ISO 9001:2000 norm
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It is impossible to show all important features, and what have been done. The powerfull search engine is available for these who want to know more details
Technology is fast developing. Members are getting higlhy motivated, and busy with assignments of companies for which they run e/business applications. Therefore, the last experiment leaves all developmental detailes to previous tools, and creates environment for competition, and promotion of e-products. 73
2.12 Categorized promotion, and development of e-business projects Projekt :
Studentský portál
URL :
projects.eb-eu.cz
Administrator:
Jan Vávra
2.12.1 Homepage
2.12.2 Introduction This article provides information you need to browse the site and manage your own projects listing. Getting listed in the projects directory is a simple two step process. Firstly you must register on the site, once this is done you will be able to add listing of your projects.
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2.12.3 Registering In this step you will create a user account on projects.eb-eu.cz. 1.Look down the left column until you see the "Login Form". Below this click the word "Register".
2.You should now be on the registration screen. Enter you details, making sure that they are all correct. Hint: The "Name" field is the official identification of your development efforts on the Projects Directory. Name is used throughout the site to identify the developer of the extension. Examples might include company name, development project team name, individual coder's name or a handle.
Click the "Submit" button. 3.You will now be emailed a confirmation email. In this email there is a activation link that you must click. This will take you back to the Projects site and will activate your account.
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2.12.4 Creating a Listing 1.Browse the Projects site until you have found the most appropriate category for your project.
2.Once you are in the category page you wish to be listed in click the "Add your projects here" link at the upper right of the page. Some categories that consists of sub-categories only does not has this link, in this case, click on one of the related sub categories. 3.Once you're at the "Add New Project" page, you can change the selected category from the drop down list.
4.Now enter the rest of the extension details. If you intend to include an image it must be a GIF, JPG or PNG file. The image will be resized to maximum of 100 pixels height and 100pixels width. To obtain best result, please resize the image to 100px width and 100px height before uploading.
5.Now enter the developer details
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6.Finally enter a META data , like a keywords and Description and when you are happy with what you have entered click the "Submit" button
2.12.5 Add new Category Pro vložení kategorie stačí pouze kliknout na tlačítko „add category“ a vyplnit příslušná pole …
Once submitted, the category will go through an approval process. You will be notified when we approve the listing.
2.12.6 Add new Subcategory Pro vložení subkategorie klikněte na kategorie kam chcete subkategorii umístit a následně klikněte na tlačítko „add category“ a vyplnte příslušná pole …
Once submitted, the category will go through an approval process. You will be notified when we approve the listing. 77
2.12.7 Listing View Whilst navigating the directory you will in most cases find yourself in a Listing view where serveral Projects are listed.
To see the detailed view of the project click the projects name (in bold blue). Clicking the "Download" Button will initiate the download of the project or take you to the downloads location. If you would like to vist the project's home page click the URL at the bottom of the extension's entry.
2.12.8 Writing Reviews From time to time you may like to review an projects. At the bottom of the default view of a listing is a form for submiting reviews.
Simply fill in the fields and click the "Submit Review" button. 78
2.12.9 Recommend a project If you find a project that looks like it would be of interest to somebody you know you can send them an email with a link back to the projects listing directly from the projects site. To do this go to the detailed view of the Projects listing. From there click the "Recommend" button.You will now have a small form displayed below the listing that will allow you to send the link.
Once you have filled out ALL fields click "Send".
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2.13 Presentation Installations Course Course of presentation installation of Mambo/Jomla CMS was supported by promotion campaign, and CD hands on tool. Course was done in four hours including presentation of running Phpshop, and guideliness for e-salesmen.
2.13.1 Promotion package
Multiple choice tests, invitation, and principal rules for e-salesmens' income generation are accessible right from this page through hyperlinks.
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2.13.2 Mambo/Jomla installation CD CD is attached to this printed booklet. Just few examples of print screens are shown here. Mambo/Joomla CD Přes deset prezentací, které vás naučí pracovat s CMS Joomla/Mambo. Na CD lze nalézt několik programů, které usnadňují práci s Joomlou/Mambem. Po vložení CD do CD-ROR mechaniky se spustí AUTORUN , kde jsou všechny prezentace, programy a přídavné moduly do Joomly/Mamba. Uvítací onrazovka s menu nabídkou – AUTORUN:
Nadpisy jsou odlišeny podle stylu a barvy písma : Odkaz na textový dokument 1)Odkaz na prezentaci 2)Odkaz na podkategorii obsahující prezentace Intalace programu z CD Odkaz na internetovou adresu
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Ukázka prezentace :
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2.14 Article: ICT Support Specifying Co-operation Between Members Worldwide. ICT Support Specifying Co-operation Between Members Worldwide Zdenek Linhart, Czech University of Agriculture, Prague
[email protected] Abstract The information processing problem and rigidity of organisations is proposed to be solved by ebusiness technology in this article. Project development based methodology is used to gain and prove validity of expected results. EU program supports initial training and implementation of ebusiness for small businesses. It is expected that these small entrepreneurs will discover and return to initial values of co-operation through Internet. EU grant for training and implementing e-business for small and medium entrepreneurs is decomposed into processes. Bee keepers, handicapped people and employers, and salespersons, independent manufacturers, eventually organizers of different actions applied for this e-business proposal because it simplifies co-operation between them and others. International dimension of this co-operation seems to be very easy and important as partners from different EU countries agreed upon. Keywords: co-operative, co-operation Econlit: M190, M290, M390, M590, e-business, order, representative, competence, interest
2.14.1 Introduction: Situation in Czech co-operatives Housing co-operatives must be privatized into shape of associations of owners recently. Law is no longer allowing them to keep the form of co-operative. All co-operative farms were transformed into co-operatives of owners ten years ago. Many of them changed its legal status (Table 1). Table 1: Results of self-protection by Czech farming co-operatives Co-operative Joint Limited Listed Farm Stock Partnership Enterprises Farm Farm No. Total Before 1993 1076 Number of Year 1993 1221 37 163 1421 Number of Year 2002 698 662 1448 2808 % change in numbers of legal bodies 57% 1789% 888% 197% 2002/1993 % of Land 2002 27,2 % 22,7 % 21,7 % 71,6 % Sources: Lux/Min of Agriculture (1993), CM SZD in Stryjan (1994); Agriculture Chambers (2002): Basic Principles of the Agricultural Association´s Structure Number of joint stock companies increased the most. Number of co-operatives is still decreasing. It is difficult for members to keep the form of co-operative. Members, who are willing to prevent transition of co-operative into other legal form of company, are preparing arguments to influence an annual meeting. Lawyers usually do not allow discussion and written proposals are handled by not transparent way. Old members, who form the majority, are confused and afraid to disagree with lawyers who lead the meeting. Therefore, the result is as it is shown in table 1. 83
People, who lost their co-operative, must to seek new ways of co-operation. Just because their resources are not allowing them to start any independent business and unemployment cuts them off the most of jobs. Protection of members from external impulses causing loss of immunity proved to be worse option than co-operative training of members in personal data processing in e-business environment. Therefore, it is proposed in this article to train them in new e-business tools completing their offer and demand.
2.14.2 Literature overview A variety of competing theories have been proposed to try to understand the role of boards in the private sector, for example agency theory, stewardship theory, stakeholder theory, and managerial hegemony (Tudory, Cornforth, 2001). Taken individually these different theories are rather one dimensional, and have been criticised for only illuminating a particular aspect of the board’s work. Morgan (1986: 339) in his groundbreaking study of organisations argues that many of our theories and ways of thinking about organisations do not match the complexity and sophistication of the organisational realities we face. In order to address this problem he argues that it is necessary to take a multi-paradigm or perspective approach in order to ‘understand and grasp the multiple meanings of situations and to confront and manage contradiction and paradox, rather than pretend they do not exist’. This has lead to calls for a new conceptual paradox perspective framework that can help integrate the insights of these different perspectives (Hung, 1998: 108-9; Tricker, 2000:295). We are substituting multi paradigm of paradox perspective approach by immunity and infection based approach.
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2.14.3 Individuals and Co-operative action: Vulnerability to Infection Immunity system can individual either let think big or small. Individual trained to handle usual infection, transmitted through the population can think big. Individual exposed to the same infection without training will collapse into something reminding dwarf (Scheme 1). Scheme 1: Increased performance of individual rise from three possible strategies
Czechs were so used to cooperatives that they forgot to strengthen internal immunity of co-operative members. Therefore, co-operatives were transformed easily into co-operatives of owners in 1992 and membership rights were lost mostly in joint stock companies few years later. The question is if former members or idle people reject the proposal of e-business training and implementation and become dwarfs or build internal immunity and external competence either with or without support of training and implementation of e-business. Healthy individual without support of e-business can co-operate to become successful by three ways: react on impulses, which s/he can influence (ii), co-operatively react on any impulse s/he can or cannot influence alone (i), plan and co-operatively develop skills, which are actually out of reach (iii) These three ways to competence cannot be used if impulses are filtered or others have better access to information and impulses. And others do have this advantage. Therefore, the option of development of individual inside of co-operative can be either problem or the advantage. Depend on training. And training in e-business techniques and implementation can be done both in cooperatives and outside of them. Czech co-operatives are almost erased, and therefore, the new cooperation, even without legal framework of co-operative, is the most important option. 85
Twelve years after transformation of co-operatives into co-operatives of owners, which should enable ownership relations to work, we call for new systems to force owners of land and apartments to implement their interests “because the real maintenance of own property has high transaction costs, the owners choose less costly way to manage their property giving up part of their ownership rights to some representatives” (Havlíček, 2004). Therefore, following theories are used to explain how individuals handle own trials in external environment or populations.
2.14.4 Representatives of Populations Impulses from external environment are filtered (by media, by self) or too complex. Therefore, immunity system and brain of individuals processes incomplete or unreal conditions. Individuals then make decisions damaging themselves and their friends. Having this bad experience, individuals select some of them giving them own rights to represent them to the third party - representatives. What happens is shown in the table below: Table 2: Self-protection by followers THEOR INTERESTS BOARD Y MEMBERS Agency ‘Owners’ and ‘Owner / theory managers mandators’ have different representatives interests
BOARD ROLE
MODEL
Conformance: - safeguard ‘owners’ interests - oversee management - check compliance
Complian ce model
Conflicting interests give no possibility to increase performance of the group. Group can only copy approaches of others with usually worse results then these of whom they copied it. Later, representatives turn the story up side down and announce that former voters are here to act as slaves, or at least as employees. Few such paradox examples, these followers keep hidden and “members” do not understand, follow: • The tension between board members acting as representatives for particular stakeholder groups and ‘experts’ charged with driving the performance of the organization forward. • The tension between the board roles of driving organizational performance and ensuring conformance i.e. that the organisation behaves in an accountable and prudent manner. • The tension between the contrasting board roles of controlling and supporting management. • The ambiguities that stem from accountabilities to multiple stakeholders. Each of the paradoxes is discussed and illustrated by drawing on examples from recent empirical studies by the author and other researchers (Cornforth and Edwards, 1998; Cornforth, 2001). We further skip the worst alternatives, in which representatives govern voters by political manners just to misuse their posts or calm down protests or share resources created by people on the bottom. And we concentrate on alternatives increasing performance and rapid growth – see table below.
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Table 3: Driving forces for improvement and development of new solutions THEORY INTEREST BOARD BOARD ROLE S MEMBERS Stewardship ‘Owners’ ‘Experts’ Improve performance: theory and - add value to top managers decisions/strategy share - partner/support management interests Resource Stakeholder Chosen for Boundary spanning: dependency s and influence with - secure resources theory organisation key - stakeholder relations have stakeholders - external perspective different interests
MODEL Partnershi p model Cooptation model
Partnership model is the most resistant to the influence of media and can improve performance of lonely small and medium entrepreneurs or expelled members during transition from co-operative to joint stock or from limited liability company. E-Business fulfils the principle of co-optation based on offered resources (Table 3). Therefore, is proposed to establish a kind of co-operative – the information one (Scheme 2). Different sorts of co-operatives contradict the private sector (scheme 2).
Scheme 2: Mind map of the balance of private, individual and co-operative performance
Branches show main directions by which information co-operatives compete with private sector and information systems. Information systems are ordered and designed to strengthen decision making power of top managers but not their perceptiveness. Other people are excluded from decision making even if their incentives can be vital for survival and growth. Contradictions between management by representatives and information technologies weaken private sector competitiveness. The information co-operative challenge is elaborated further.
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2.14.5 Objective It is proposed to replace data processing function of computers and function of representatives by co-operation of individuals in e-business based system. Management hierarchies become more flat and management responsibilities for development must be shifted to preparatory period and to people performing tasks. Such members’ take-over depends on methods how these e-business based factors and methods will be derived (Scheme 2, Table 3) and tailored up.
2.14.6 Methods Following raw data about needs of organizations and limits and potential of individuals are selected from co-operative principals of organisation (A) and co-operation principals of individual (B): A. Boundary spanning of organizations during developmental efforts (Table 3): - secure resources - stakeholder relations – external perspective
B. Feedback factors of individuals during take-over of responsibilities for development (Scheme 2): Individual's limits of understanding: Unsought limits: certainty, risk, belief, lacking question Scientific progress: brakage, contradiction, synergy, thinking big Individual's believes in system HRD: senzitivity, discipline, habits Process: order, change of the order, and storage standards Individual's co-operative actions Team development: self push, experimenting, interests Marketplace stalls + personal web page + selection
Further, data are transformed into dialogs of e-business offers and demands. Different ways of organization of market-place-stalls and individual web pages or advanced e-shops are tested to find if replacing of traditional information system and representatives is possible. Traditional e-business techniques, which are used to reach the whole World population, are tested if they can transmit also co-operative principals. Trial and error method will use above mentioned techniques during implementation of e-business for each SME or community. Individuals learn together in these experiments how they can learn competitiveness with the private sector. Principles of individual capabilities and common immunity (Scheme 2) will be trained to improve synergy of co-operation. Resulting ± growth of turnover will be observed and obstacles recorded and corrected.
2.14.7 Results Factors facilitating co-operation through e-business are tested between small and medium enterprises, communities, and associations. Co-operatives are usually not interested. Mostly because of strong managers who keep members on distance from decision making.
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2.14.8 Co-operation by e-Business Dynamic web database was designed with three functions: order, change of the order, and storage consequences (http://www.eb-eu.cz). Individual marketing activities of SMEs are attached to this database (http://web.quick.cz/linhart.zdenek/lov/Jelen2.htm). Detailed order or offer from database appears once the client click on the order (http://www.eb-eu.cz/kurz.php?kurz_key=28) and dialog follows (http://www.eb-eu.cz/prihlaseni.php). This mechanics is well known. The main difference is in price. Web page is for free and display of one order or offer costs EUR 1. Once the turnover increases, the entrepreneur can buy whole database for EUR 100 for ever. That makes the difference from e-shops which begins with monthly fee EUR 20 till 100. Small entrepreneurs do not believe that e-market is relevant for them. Therefore, they are not against it but also do not support it. Associations of such entrepreneurs emerge in the form of market-place stall (http://www.eb-eu.cz/seznam.php). Real associations are formed to solve common problems. Participants of associations grow through several roles.
2.14.9 Improvements in Participant Roles Improvements are derived from discussions between instructors, clients, and users. Improvements deliver targeted “co-operative data processing” technology. Firstly, few examples: Competition of offers and assembly of orders enable and simplify the service and gains volume discount The list of orders and offers on the web marketplace enable complete total order from partial offers and save time for seeking lacking orders and negotiations against powerful business partners The language has to find commonly understandable expressions, for example: instead of product code (expression used in storage) is used variable symbol (expression used during payment). Therefore, all participants in e-business chain use the same language, which was lost in former large co-operatives and other organisations because of internal borders First time visitor is transformed into market place observer to get later ownership rights for own e-market place, eventually purchase of professional turn key e-shop (this spin off effect is not used in other information systems where readers are transformed into writers, but never skip over designer who controls them for ever as slaves) Owner of e-business is obliged to transform and liberate his/her users into partners and them into competitors (this was always problem of elderly cooperatives but normal practice of trainees of former craftsmen) The list of personalised roles shown above proved that co-operative data processing can attract and enrich by advantages listed above widely scattered small and medium entrepreneurs, consumers, and community members.
2.14.10 Examples of Associative and Community e-Co-operation EU grant for training and implementing e-business for small and medium entrepreneurs is decomposed into processes with common and diversified parts. Bee keepers, handicapped people and employers, salespersons, independent manufacturers, eventually organizers of different actions applied for this e-business proposal because it simplifies co-operation between them and others. International dimension of this co-operation seems to be very easy and important as partners from different EU countries agreed upon.
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About ten people (two mayors, consultants, chamber representative, and young computer people) were on the kick off meeting in Mlada Vozice micro-region. Direct order was received and three contact persons appointed. They made also schedule for next meetings. Entrepreneurs immediately proposed that this system should help to old people to formulate orders for maintenance of their houses and negotiate better price with craftsmen. Second application developed in this discussion was co-operative shopping as shop in villages disappeared. The third application was proposed based on following results of community management practices in Great Britain. Some practical examples of the use of new technology are outlined below (Olaussen, 1999):
One project, known as 'Council Access Point' involves a shire county and some constituent districts in providing better information on council services in rural areas (principally through libraries)
One pilot authority has taken 'Property for People' as its year 2 BV theme, using technology to develop a 'front office/back office' structure for seamless one-stop shop provision of services. Technology includes websites, video conferencing, ATTACH info kiosks and voting handsets for public meetings.
A London borough and a new unitary council are piloting a cashless school meals service using swipe cards.
One largely urban and one quite rural district have projects aimed at streamlining systems to deal with council tax and housing benefits admin. In the case of the urban authority, the project is PFI approved.
A new unitary authority has reviewed its planning and development control systems and resolved to upgrade systems and to integrate them with a new corporate GIS system.
Two shire counties are investing heavily in technology to move away from dependence on buildings for library services.
A metropolitan district chose ORACLE for their integrated finance and other IT systems after review and presentations by various suppliers to a cross-section of staff.
A shire county is investing heavily in IT for Highways Maintenance, including a Clarence Call Centre for defects and new "superservers" to replace existing server management.
One shire district is developing a pilot scheme to provide greater access to health information in isolated rural areas, with funding from the local Health Action Zone.
All these examples can be transformed into orders or offers and community members can use ebusiness techniques to vote and select the option which fits them the most. Representatives are replaced by better communication, which solve individual needs and warm up interpersonal relationships between community members. The least important issue is that awareness of multiple solutions for community problems is created and can be discussed later.
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2.14.11 Topics of Global e-Co-operation Following trends in e-business should be revised from point of view of their capability to facilitate global e-cooperation: Application of Custom Relation management systems E-Business models Effective consumer response Supply chain management Loyalty programs and permission marketing Innovation of the sales strategy / methodology Virtual chains Tracking and tracing Services to customers Accurate fulfilment Affiliate marketing ( marketing with support of a specialised E-partner) Trusted Third Parties ( use of intermediaries as Interpay) Internet and purchase policy Internet and marketing policy Internet and pricing policy Internet and production policy Internet and distribution policy Multi channelling WEB-marketing E-mail marketing WEB- branding WEB-promotion WEB-vertising WEB-purchase WEB-sales E-Business, CRM and enterprise resource planning (ERP) How can SME's train and educate staff in an effective way? Community e-co-operation principals are pointing on common problems of community management. Therefore, it is expected that code of good practice can be transmitted through e-cooperation also. Techniques shown on the above list just need to be tailored up to trade with community management practices. All these above mentioned techniques are just applicable forms of communication and they are not very relevant for the content of the message, which was discussed above.
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2.14.12 Mission Selection Simplification of offer and demand is the process selecting and presenting the information by the most understandable way. Understandable information is developed in competition of many proposals. Therefore, persons must compete with their proposals for actions of others. Winners gain managerial functions in fact. This process of offer, and order development is elaborated further Scheme 3: Ordering and Communication e-Business model
Two schemes are integrated in scheme 3. Scale above shows measurable phenomena. Forces below are showing contradictory powers. It is paradoxical that proximity based co-operation must be rejected and e-business partnership proposed. Proximity is promoted recently by multinational companies. Proximity is close to “glasnost”. Discussions without action and results kill interests and cut individual out of results. Such looser will accept proximity announced by globalists and become vulnerable to infections of populations. Infection is the term explaining the effect of quickly spread diseases shown for example by scandals of Enron or Parmalat. Therefore, the mission selected is “Individual gains better benefit from competing local actors then from care of representatives”.
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3 e-Business Offer and Order Development Training and Implementation Active individuals are supported by e-business training and implementation for small businesses, associations and micro-regions. Entrepreneur has own web page. Training explains and implementation delivers button on his/her static web page. Visitor of that page clicks on button “order” or “offer”, which displays on the screen an alternative of the shopping basket with the other button “I accept”. Then, goods are subtracted from the storage, or capacity of offered action, and confirms to ordering person that ordered transaction was completed as ordered. This looks as very simple e-shop. It is true, and besides, this simple option has following effects: 1. Mayors of communities or chairmen of associations have displayed complete market place for offers and orders of their members where the final value can be assembled from many partial orders or offers. More advanced entrepreneurs can use this market place also. The most advanced entrepreneurs are recommended to buy professional e-shop software. 2. Training lasts just two hours and participants are leaving with own web page which is related to the database. Accompanying information can trained users publish on web through sharing the web publisher. 3. Database enables following functions if order or offer is put there: subtracting from the storage or capacity confirming acceptance of the message (ordering or offering) by server confirming that claimed procedures were accepted by supplier and delivery begun displaying and removing messages as was ordered before without any action of operator It is up to association or community how they arrange to display new offers or orders into the database. Trainers can do it in beginning period for them also. Communication is done by e-mail or phone. Firstly, order and its confirmations are shown and trained. Secondly, turnkey solutions are introduced for advanced users. Thirdly, actions increasing turnover are proposed based on specifics of the sector and goods.
3.1 Conclusion Targeted e-Business based advantage of co-operation was derived from the development in population of Czech agricultural companies during last 12 year period, where co-operatives were legally restricted (Table 1). Disadvantages of co-operatives and the potential of co-operation was analysed from point of view of an individual and his/her representatives. Former members, small and medium entrepreneurs, communities or associations, are lacking resources to compete independently and increasing unemployment makes difficult to get a job. Therefore, they are trained to understand and formulate simple order / offer. Associative approach is connects growth of individual on the market-place stall. Further, several examples explains content and form of tools, message and global effects of e-business techniques for co-operation and synergy. It is already clear that global penetration bodies are implementing same e-business principals into communication with suppliers i.e. TIMS (Tesco Internet Management System).
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Training for small groups lasts two hours. Administration of one transaction lasts about 10 minutes. Market place of community or association emerges automatically when database is ordered and reshaped after its needs what costs about ten hours. Registration on other servers is done by trainee. Communities and associations can print and display list of orders and offers for these people who have not internet access. SME partners and associations can use the competition of ideas, services and goods offered and ordered inside to compete with offers of organisations outside. It is expected that many goods and services will be exchanged without money and taxation. Further implementations and training of ebusiness will show whether local competitiveness of SMEs will offset drive of global organisations creating global population. Broadcasting of ideas of co-operation of individuals in contrast with employment and legal restrictions is the next stage to be researched. Opponents may say that this proposal is the invention of some local bureaucrat, run by some consultant. It is true now. But both of them disappear in the latter stage. Actual trainees take the lead as it happened already on the first meeting.
3.2 Literature Cornforth, C. and Edwards, C. ‘Good Governance: Developing Effective Board-Management Relations in Public and Voluntary Organisations’, London: CIMA Publishing, 1998 Cornforth, C. The governance of social Enterprises: a paradox perspective, Second Social Economy and Co-operatives Research Conference, Gavle, Sweden, 2001 Havlíček, M. Vlastníci a nájemci bytů v lokálním rozvoji (Owners and Tenants of Appartments in Local Development). Czech University of Agriculture Prague, symposium of doctoral students (not printed yet), 2004 Lee, M.in Burgoyne,J., Reynolds,M. (1997): Management Learning. The Developmental Approach: A Critical Recosideration Approach. Sage Publications, ISBN 0 8039 7643 7. Linhart, Z. Marketing for Agricultural Economics and Management. Czech University of Agriculture Prague, 2003180p. Morgan, G. Images of Organization. Sage Publications, Beverly Hills, 1986 Olaussen, A. Best Value Initiatives Database (Internal material), 1999 Stryjan, Y., Linhart, Z. Co-operatives in the Transformation of Czech Agriculture: Problems and Prospects. The World of Co-operative Enterprise 1995. Plunkett Foundation Oxford Long Handborough, 1994 Tricker, B. 'Editorial - Corporate Governance - the subject whose time has come', Corporate Governance, 2000, 8, 4, 289-296
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