ijk Assalamu 'A’laykum Wr.Wb.
Syariat Berqurban “…maka
dirikanlah shalat karena Rabb-mu dan Ber-Qurbanlah” (QS. Al Kautsar/108:1-2)
Bagi seorang muslim yang merasa mampu sangat disunnahkan (sunnah mu'akad) dan ada mazhab yang mewajibkan seperti Imam Abu Hanifah untuk berkorban bagi yang mampu . Tidak seperti zakat ada nizabnya , hanya di sebutkan yang mampu untuk rasa syukur atas nikmat rezki yang telah diberikan dan untuk lebih mendekatkan diri kepada Allah sekaligus untuk Syi'ar Agama seperti Ibadah menyembelih hewan qurban telah disyariatkan pada tahun kedua Hijriah seperti zakat dan dua shalat Ied (Iedul Fitri dan Adha). Syariatnya telah ditetapkan di kitab quran, sunnah dan Ijma. Sedangkan di kitab Quran Allah berfirman " fa sholli li robbika wanhar" (maka shollah dan berkorbanlah), yang dimaksud sholat disini adalah sholat Ied (Wahbah Azzuhaly di kitabnya Fiqhul Islami wa adillatuh) . Sedangkan dalam sunnah seperti dalam hadis Aisyah "Tidak ada amalnya anak adam pada hari nahr (10, 11, 12, 13 Dhul hijjah) suatu amal yang lebih dicintai Ta'alallah dari menumpahkan / mengalirkan darah (berqorban), yang sesungguhnya qurban itu akan datang di hari kiamat..... dan sesungguhnya akan mencapai Allah Azza w Jalla sebelum darahnya sampai ke atas bumi , maka bersihkan / sucikan dengannya (qurban) jiwa" (HR Al hakim, Ibnu Majah dan Tirmidi). dan riwayatkan oleh Anas, Rasulullah SAW berkorban dua kibas / domba.... .yang disembelih dengan tangannya. Ijma kaum muslimin atas disyariatkannya nyembelih hewan Qurban yang ditunjukkan oleh hadis bahwanya amal yang lebih dicinati oleh Allah pada hari "nahr" yang sesungguhnya qurban itu akan datang di hari kiamat atas sifat-sifat hewan qurban yang disembelihnya, dan darahnya sampai untuk diterima di sisi Allah sebelum darahnya mencapai tanah yang mana ibadah qurban ini adalah sunnahnyaNabi Ibrahim a.s. Kata rasulullah SAW: Bahwa setiap bulu dari hewan qurban adalah satu kebaikan. (berapa banyak bulu domba / kambing / sapi / onta???) Bahkan Rasulullah SAW bersabda: “Barangsiapa mendapatkan keluasan reziki untuk berqurban akan tetapi tidak berqurban maka janganlah hadir ketempat shalat kami”
"Barang siapa yang mempunyai kemampuan tetapi dia tidak ber-Qurban, maka janganlah dia mendekati tempat shalat kami" ( HR. Ahmad dan Ibnu Majah ). Rasululllah SAW menyruh putrinya Fatimah untuk berdiri menykasikan sembelihan Qurbannya, karena setiap awal tetesan darahnya adalah mengampuni dosa-dosanya yang lalu.
1
Rasulullah SAW bersabda: Ber qurban yang baik dengan penuh perhitungan (semata-mata karena Allah Ta’ala) baginya adalah sebagai penghalang dari neraka Rasulullah SAW bersabda: Apabila menyembelih Qurban , perbaikilah sembelihannya (pisaunya yang tajam, cara2nya sesuai dengan yang disyraiatkan). Allah swt. berfirman:
“Daging-daging unta dan darahnya itu sekali-kali tidak dapat mencapai (keridhoan) Allah, tetapi Ketaqwaan dari kamulah yang mencapainya. Demikianlah Allah Swt. telah menundukkannya untuk kamu supaya kamu mengagungkan Allah terhadap hidayah-Nya kepada kamu. Dan berilah kabar gembira kepada orang-orang berbuat kebaikan!” ( QS. Al-Hajj: 37 ) PENGERTIAN QURBAN QURBAN yaitu menyembelih hewan unta, sapi, domba, kambing yang disembelih pada hari raya Idul Adha dan hari-hari tasyri’ dengan niat mendekatkan diri kepada Allah Swt.. QURBAN merupakan cermin keyakinan kepada keadilan Illahi dan kemanusiaan yang universal. Melalui ibadah Qurban, Allah Swt. mengajak seluruh kaum muslimin untuk menghayati makna kebersamaan dan solidaritas. ANJURAN MENYEMBELIH HEWAN QURBAN
“Kami telah memberikan kepadamu nikmat yang banyak, maka dirikanlah shalat karena Rabb-mu dan berqurbanlah” ( Qur’an Surat Al-Kautsar 1-2 ). “Tidak ada amalan Bani Adam yang lebih dicintai Allah ketika Idul Adha melebihi menyembelih hewan Qurban” ( HR. Ahmad )
KOLEKTIF DALAM BERQURBAN
Boleh kolektif/ bergabung dalam melaksanakan Qurban.
Rasulullah memerintahkan kepada kami untuk berserikat dalam qurban unta atau sapi yaitu seekor untuk tujuh orang” ( HR Muslim ) Dalam kitab Al Majmu’ syarah Muhaddab oleh Imam Nawawi disebutkan bahwa Berqurban unta lebih utama / afdhal dari sapi karena lebih besar, dan sapi lebih baik dari domba karena sapi untuk sama dengan 7 ternak, dan berqurba domba sendirian lebih baik dari unta atau sapi yang patungan / di sharing / berserikat untuk 7 orang.
BAGAIMANAKAH KETENTUAN HEWAN QURBAN?
Hewan Qurban wajib yang sehat. Rasulullah saw bersabda: "Empat macam hewan yang
tidak sah dijadikan Qurban:
1. Yang rusak matanya 2. Yang sakit 3. Yang pincang 4. Yang kurus tidak berlemak" ( HR. Ahmad ) Umur ternak Qurban diusahakan : • Kambing/domba telah berumur 1 tahun/ sudah berganti giginya. • Sapi/kerbau telah berumur 2 tahun lebih.
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Rasulullah saw. bersabda : "Janganlah kamu menyembelih Qurban kecuali yang
musinnah (telah berganti gigi). Jika sukar didapati, maka boleh jadza'ah (yang berumur satu tahun lebih) dari biri-biri" ( HR. Muslim )
KAPAN WAKTUNYA PENYEMBELIHAN HEWAN QURBAN?
Waktu menyembelih Qurban ialah hari Nahar, dimulai sesudah shalat Idul Adha (10 Dzulhijjah) dan hari-hari Tasyriq (11 - 13 Dzulhijjah ).
Cara menyembelih: Ini daiambil dari kitab Al Majmu’ Syarah Muhaddab oleh Imam Nawawi (text aslinya dikutib dibawah) Disunnatkan posisikan supaya yang menyembelih menghadap kiblat Disunnatkan sebelum baca “Bismillahi Allahu Akbar” baca "Allahumma minka wa ilayka Taqobbal Minnie" (kalau disembelih sendiri, kalau disembelihkan orang lain Minnie diganti dengan Min….sebut namanya) disunnahkan baca takbir (Allahu Akbar 3x) sebelum baca itu (sebelum mulai disembelih) dan disunnahkan juga abaca sholawat kepada Rasulullah SAW kemudian setelah seleasai disembelih disunnahkan baca takbir lagi 3x.
اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ﺴ ِﻢ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ْ ِﺑ ﺤﻤﱠ ٍﺪ َ ﻋﻠَﻰ ُﻣ َ ﺻ ﱢﻞ َ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲatau .....( اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْﻞ ِﻣﻦkalau disembelihkan) Atau اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوِإ َﻟﻴْﻚ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ Atau اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْﻞ, اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوﻟَﻚ, ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َوِإﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ْ ِﻣ Atau اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ, َواَﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوﻟَﻚ, ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ْ ِﻣ
اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ 3
Yang berhak daging Qurban: Dalam kitab Al Majmu’ disebutkan, sepertiga boleh dimakan, sepertiga dihadiahkan dan sepertiga dishodakahkan. Seandainya semua dishodaqhkan baik saja, Allahu A’lam Dibawah ini Text aslinya sebagi rujukanannya.
ijk ﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ ﻻ اﷲ ،وَأ ْ ﺷ َﻬ ُﺪ أن ﻻ إلٰ َﻩ إ ﱠ ي َﻟﻪُ ،وَأ ْ ﻼ هَﺎ ِد َ ﻞ َﻓ َ ﻀِﻠ ْ ﻦ ُﻳ ْ ﻀﻞﱠ َﻟ ُﻪ َو َﻣ ْ ﻼ ُﻣ ِ ﻦ َﻳ ْﻬ ِﺪ ِﻩ اﷲ َﻓ َ ﺴﻨَﺎَ ،ﻣ ْ ﺷﺮُو ِر أ ْﻧ ُﻔ ِ ﻦ ُ ﺴ َﺘ ْﻐ ِﻔ ُﺮ ُﻩ َو َﻧﻌُﻮ ُذ ﺑﺎﷲ ِﻣ ْ ﺴ َﺘﻌِﻴُﻨ ُﻪ َو َﻧ ْ ﺤ ْﻤ ُﺪ ﷲ َﻧ ْ ا ْﻟ َ ﻄ ْﻊ اﷲ َو َرﺳُﻮَﻟ ُﻪ َﻓ َﻘ ْﺪ َر َ ﻦ ُﻳ ِ ﻋﺔَِ ،ﻣ ْ ﻦ َﻳﺪَي اﻟﺴﱠﺎ َ ﻖ َﺑﺸِﻴﺮًا َو َﻧﺬِﻳﺮًا َﺑ ْﻴ َ ﺤﱢ ﺳَﻠ ُﻪ ﺑﺎ ْﻟ َ ﺳﱠﻠ َﻢ( ،أ ْر َ ﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َ ﺻﻠﱠﻰ اﻟﻠّ ُﻪ َ ﻋ ْﺒ ُﺪ ُﻩ َو َرﺳُﻮُﻟ ُﻪ ) َ ﺤﻤﱠﺪًا َ ن ُﻣ َ أﱠ ﺼ ِﻬ َﻤﺎ ﻦ َﻳ ْﻌ ِ ﺷﺪََ ،و َﻣ ْ ﺷﻴْﺌًﺎ«. ﻀﺮﱡ اﷲ َ ﺴ ُﻪ وﻻ َﻳ ُ ﻻ َﻧ ْﻔ َ ﻀﺮﱡ إ ﱠ ﻓﺈﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻻ َﻳ ُ
آﺘﺎب اﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ ® )〈 ∩⊄∪ öutùΥ$#uρ y7În/uÏ9 Èe≅|Ásù ∩⊇∪ urOöθs3ø9$# y7≈sΨø‹sÜôãr& !$¯ΡÎ )اﻟﻜﻮﺛﺮ (002-001
ﺐ إﻟَﻰ ﺣ ﱠ ﺤ ِﺮ َأ َ ﻋ َﻤ ٍﻞ َﻳ ْﻮ َم اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْ ﻦ َ ﻲ ِﻣ ْ ﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ﺁ َد ِﻣ ﱞ ﺿ َﻲ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َأ ﱠن َرﺳُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل» :ﻣَﺎ َ ﺸ َﺔ [ َر ِ ﻦ ]ﻋَﺎ ِﺋ َ ﻋْ )(1660ــ َ ﻼ ِﻓﻬَﺎ، ﻇَ ﺷﻌَﺎ ِرهَﺎ َوَأ ْ ﺷ ِﻪ ِﺑ ُﻘﺮُو ِﻧﻬَﺎ َوَأ ْ ق اﻟ ﱠﺪمِ ،وَإﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻟ َﺘ ْﺄﺗِﻲ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴَﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﻓ ْﺮ ِ ﻦ إ ْهﺮَا ِ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْ ﻦ ا َﻷ ْر ِ ن َﻳ َﻘ َﻊ ِﻣ َ ن َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْ ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﺑ َﻤﻜَﺎ ٍ ن اﻟ ﱠﺪ َم َﻟ َﻴ َﻘ ُﻊ ِﻣ َ وَإ ﱠ ض َﻓﻄِﻴﺒُﻮا ِﺑﻬَﺎ َﻧﻔْﺴ ًﺎ« .رواﻩ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ واﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي، وﻗﺎل :ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺣﺴﻦ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ ،واﻟﺤﺎآﻢ وﻗﺎل :ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد . ﻗﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ :رووﻩ ﻣﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ أﺑﻲ اﻟﻤﺜﻨﻰ ،واﺳﻤﻪ ﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن ﺑﻦ ﻳﺰﻳﺪ ﻋﻦ هﺸﺎم ﺑﻦ ﻋﺮوة ﻋﻦ أﺑﻴﻪ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ،وﺳﻠﻴﻤﺎن واﻩٍ ،وﻗﺪ وﺛﻖ .ﻗﺎل اﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي:
ﺿ ِﺤ َﻴ ُﺔ ِﻟﺼَﺎ ِﺣ ِﺒﻬَﺎ ِﺑ ُﻜﻞﱢ َﺷ ْﻌ َﺮ ٍة َﺣ َﺴ َﻨ ٌﺔ ». وﻳﺮوى ﻋﻦ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒ ّﻲ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل» :ا ُﻷ ْ ب ﺻﺤَﺎ ُ ل َأ ْ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ وهﺬا اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺚ اﻟﺬي أﺷﺎر إﻟﻴﻪ اﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي رواﻩ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ واﻟﺤﺎآﻢ ،وﻏﻴﺮهﻤﺎ آﻠﻬﻢ ﻋﻦ ﻋﺎﺋﺬ اﷲ ﻋﻦ أﺑﻲ داود ﻋﻦ زﻳﺪ ﺑﻦ أرﻗﻢ ﻗَﺎ َ
ت ﺻ َﻠﻮَا ُ ﺳﻨﱠ ُﺔ َأﺑِﻴ ُﻜ ْﻢ إ ْﺑﺮَاهِﻴ َﻢ َ لُ » : َرﺳُﻮ ِل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ :ﻳَﺎ َرﺳُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻣَﺎ ﻩٰ ِذ ِﻩ ا َﻷﺿَﺎﺣِﻲ؟ ﻗَﺎ َ ف ﻦ اﻟﺼﱡﻮ ِ ﺷ ْﻌ َﺮ ٍة ِﻣ َ لِ » :ﺑ ُﻜﻞﱢ َ ل اﻟﱠﻠﻪِ؟ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻼ ُﻣ ُﻪ« .ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮاَ :ﻓﻤَﺎ َﻟﻨَﺎ ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ﻳَﺎ َرﺳُﻮ َ ﺳَ ﻋ َﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ َو َ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َ ﺔ« ،وﻗﺎل اﻟﺤﺎآﻢ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد. ﺴ َﻨ ٌ ﺣ َ ف َ ﻦ اﻟﺼﱡﻮ ِ ﺷ ْﻌ َﺮ ٍة ِﻣ َ لِ » :ﺑ ُﻜﻞﱢ َ ف ﻗَﺎ َ ﺴ َﻨ ٌﺔ« .ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮاَ :ﻓﺎﻟﺼﱡﻮ ُ ﺣ َ َ ﺿﺤَﻰٰ: ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم َأ ْ ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ س َر ِ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋِ ) (1661ــ َو َ
ن َرﺣِﻤ ًﺎ ن َﻳ ُﻜﻮ َ ق إ ﱠﻻ َأ ْ ﻦ َد ٍم ُﻳ َﻬﺮَا ُ ﻀ َﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ٰﻩذَا ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ ِم َأ ْﻓ َ ﻋ ِﻤ َﻞ ﺁ َد ِﻣ ﱞ »ﻣَﺎ َ
ﻞ« ،رواﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﺻُ ﺗُﻮ َ
ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ،وﻓﻲ إﺳﻨﺎدﻩ ﻳﺤﻴـﻰ ﺑﻦ اﻟﺤﺴﻦ اﻟﺨﺸﻨﻲ ﻻ ﻳﺤﻀﺮﻧﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﻪ. ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ َر ِ ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ َ ﻋْ ) (1662ــ َو َ
ن ُﻳ ْﻐ َﻔ َﺮ ﻦ َد ِﻣﻬَﺎ َأ ْ ﻄ ُﺮ ِﻣ ْ ﻄ َﺮ ٍة َﺗ ْﻘ ُ ﻚ ِﺑ َﺄ ﱠو ِل َﻗ ْ ن َﻟ ِ ﺷ َﻬﺪِﻳﻬَﺎ ،ﻓَﺈ ﱠ ﻚ َﻓﺎ ْ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺘ ِ ﺿِ ﻃ َﻤ ُﺔ ﻗُﻮﻣِﻲ إﻟَﻰ ُأ ْ »ﻳَﺎ ﻓَﺎ ِ ﺴِﻠﻤِﻴﻦَ؟ ﻞ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﺖَِ ،أ ْو َﻟﻨَﺎ َوِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ ﺻ ًﺔ َأ ْه َ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َأَﻟﻨَﺎ ﺧَﺎ ﱠ ﺖ :ﻳَﺎ َرﺳُﻮ َ ﻚ« ،ﻗَﺎَﻟ ْ ﻦ ُذﻧُﻮ ِﺑ َ ﻒ ِﻣ ْ ﺳ َﻠ َ ﻚ ﻣَﺎ َ َﻟ ِ 4
لَ » :ﺑ ْﻞ َﻟﻨَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َ
ﻦ« .رواﻩ اﻟﺒﺰار ،وأﺑﻮ اﻟﺸﻴﺦ اﺑﻦ ﺣﺒﺎن ﻓﻲ آﺘﺎب اﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ وﻏﻴﺮﻩ ،وﻓﻲ إﺳﻨﺎدﻩ :ﻋﻄﻴﺔ ﺑﻦ ﻗﻴﺲ وﺛﻖ وﻓﻴﻪ ﺴ ِﻠﻤِﻴ َ َو ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ
ن ﺤ َﻴ َﺘﻚِ ،ﻓَﺈ ﱠ ﺿِ ﺷ َﻬﺪِي ُأ ْ ﻃ َﻤ ُﺔ ﻗُﻮﻣِﻲ َﻓﺎ ْ آﻼم .ورواﻩ أﺑﻮ اﻟﻘﺎﺳﻢ اﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﻧﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻋﻠ ّﻲ وﻟﻔﻈﻪَ :أ ﱠن َرﺳُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل» :ﻳَﺎ ﻓَﺎ ِ ﺿ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ﺤ ِﻤﻬَﺎ َو َد ِﻣﻬَﺎ ﺗُﻮ َ ﻦ َد ِﻣﻬَﺎ َﻣ ْﻐ ِﻔ َﺮ ًة ِﻟ ُﻜﻞﱢ َذ ْﻧﺐٍَ ،أﻣَﺎ إﻧﱠ ُﻪ ُﻳﺠَﺎ ُء ِﺑ َﻠ ْ ﻄ ُﺮ ِﻣ ْ ﻄ َﺮ ٍة َﺗ ْﻘ ُ ﻚ ِﺑ َﺄ ﱠو ِل َﻗ ْ َﻟ ِ ﺻﺔً ،ﻓَﺈ ﱠﻧ ُﻬ ْﻢ َأ ْه ٌﻞ ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ﺧَﺎ ﱠ ﻵ ِل ُﻣ َ ﺳﻌِﻴ ٍﺪ :ﻳَﺎ َرﺳُﻮ َل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ٰﻩذَا ِ ل َأﺑُﻮ َ ﺿﻌْﻔ ًﺎ« .ﻗَﺎ َ ﻦ ِ ﺳ ْﺒﻌِﻴ َ ﻚ َ ﻣِﻴﺰَا ِﻧ ِ ﻦ ﻋَﺎ ﱠﻣ ًﺔ؟ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺴ ِﻠﻤِﻴ َ ﺨ ْﻴﺮَِ ،أ ْو ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َ ﺧﺼﱡﻮا ِﺑ ِﻪ ِﻣ َ ِﻟﻤَﺎ ُ ﻦ ﺴ ِﻠﻤِﻴ َ ﺻﺔًَ ،و ِﻟ ْﻠ ُﻤ ْ ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ ﺧَﺎ ﱠ ﻵ ِل ُﻣ َ لِ » : ﻲ هﺬا واﷲ أﻋﻠﻢ ﺔ« ،وﻗﺪ ﺣﺴﱠﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﻣﺸﺎﻳﺨﻨﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠ ﱟ ﻋَﺎ ﱠﻣ ً ن ﺴﺒُﻮا ِﺑ ِﺪﻣَﺎ ِﺋﻬَﺎ ،ﻓَﺈ ﱠ ﺣ َﺘ ِ ﺿﺤﱡﻮا َوا ْ س َ ﺿ َﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ َﻋ ِﻦ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒ ﱢﻲ ﻗَﺎ َل» :ﻳَﺎ َأ ﱡﻳﻬَﺎ اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ُ ﻲ َر ِ ﻋِﻠ ﱟ ﻦ َ ﻋْ ي َ ) (1663ــ َو ُر ِو َ ﻞ« .رواﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻷوﺳﻂ. ﺟﱠ ﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َ ﺣ ْﺮ ِز اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َ ن َو َﻗ َﻊ ﻓِﻲ ا َﻷ ْرضِ ،ﻓَﺈﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻳ َﻘ ُﻊ ﻓِﻲ ِ اﻟ ﱠﺪ َم وَإ ْ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ ﻲ َر ِ ﻋِﻠ ﱟ ﻦ َ ﻦ ْﺑ ِ ﺴ ْﻴ ِ ﺤَ ﻦ ا ْﻟ ُ ﻋِ ي َ ) (1664ــ َو ُر ِو َ
ﻦ ﺣﺠَﺎﺑ ًﺎ ِﻣ َ ﺖ َﻟ ُﻪ ِ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺘ ِﻪ آَﺎ َﻧ ْ ﺿِ ﺤ َﺘﺴِﺒ ًﺎ ﱞﻻ ْ ﺴ ُﻪ ُﻣ ْ ﻃ ﱢﻴ َﺒ ًﺔ َﻧ ْﻔ ُ ﺿﺤﱠﻰٰ َ ﻦ َ » َﻣ ْ
ر« .رواﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ. اﻟﻨﱠﺎ ِ
ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ س َر ِ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋِ ي َ ) (1665ــ َو ُر ِو َ
ﺤ ُﺮ ﻓِﻲ َﻳ ْﻮ ِم ﺤ ٍﺮ ُﻳ ْﻨ َ ﻦ َﻧ ْ ﺐ إﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ِﻣ ْ ﺣ ﱠ ﻲ ٍء َأ َ ﺷ ْ ق ﻓِﻲ َ ﺖ ا ْﻟ َﻮ ِر ُ »ﻣَﺎ ُأ ْﻧ ِﻔ َﻘ ِ
ﺪ« .رواﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ ﻋِﻴ ٍ
واﻷﺻﺒﻬﺎﻧﻲ.
ﺧ ْﻴ ُﺮ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﺒﺶَُ ،و َ ﺿِ ﺧ ْﻴ ُﺮ ا ُﻷ ْ ﺿ َﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل :ﻗَﺎ َل َرﺳُﻮ ُل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢَ » : ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُأﻣَﺎ َﻣ َﺔ َر ِ ﻋْ ) (1666ــ َو َ ﻦ ا ْﻟ ُ ا ْﻟ َﻜ َﻔ ِ ن« .رووﻩ آﻠﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ رواﻳﺔ ﻋﻔﻴﺮ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻌﺪان ﺶ ا َﻷ ْﻗ َﺮ ُ ﺤﻠﱠ ُﺔ« .رواﻩ أﺑﻮ داود واﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻗَﺎ َل» :ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﺒ ُ ﻋﻦ ﺳﻠﻴﻢ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﺮ ﻋﻦ أﺑﻲ أﻣﺎﻣﺔ .وﻗﺎل اﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬي :ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻏﺮﻳﺐ .ﻗﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ :ﻋﻔﻴﺮ وا ٍﻩ.
ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُه َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ ﻋْ ) (1667ـ َو َ
ﻼﻧَﺎ«. ﺼﱠ ﻀ ْﺮ ُﻣ َ ﺤ ُ ﻼ َﻳ ْ ﻀﺢﱢَ :ﻓ َ ُﻳ َ
ﻲ َﻓ َﻠ ْﻢ ﺤَ ﻀﱢ ن ُﻳ َ ﺳ َﻌ ًﺔ َﻷ ْ ﺟ َﺪ َ ﻦ َو َ » َﻣ ْ
رواﻩ اﻟﺤﺎآﻢ ﻣﺮﻓﻮﻋًﺎ هﻜﺬا ،وﺻﺤﺤﻪ ،وﻣﻮﻗﻮﻓًﺎ وﻟﻌﻠﻪ أﺷﺒﻪ.
ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُه َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َر ِ ﻋْ ) (1668ــ َو َ
.
ﻪ« .رواﻩ اﻟﺤﺎآﻢ ،وﻗﺎل :ﺻﺤﻴﺢ اﻹﺳﻨﺎد ﺤ َﻴ َﺔ َﻟ ُ ﺿِ ﻼ ُأ ْ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺘ ِﻪ َﻓ َ ﺿِ ﺟ ْﻠ َﺪ ُأ ْ ع ِ ﻦ ﺑَﺎ َ » َﻣ ْ ﻲ اﻟﻨﻬﻲ ﻋﻦ ﺑﻴﻊ ﺟﻠﺪ اﻷﺿﺤﻴﺔ. ﻗﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﻓﻆ :ﻓﻲ إﺳﻨﺎدﻩ ﻋﺒﺪ اﻟﻠﱠﻪ ﺑﻦ ﻋﻴﺎش اﻟﻘﺘﺒﺎﻧﻲ اﻟﻤﺼﺮي ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ ،وﻗﺪ ﺟﺎء ﻓﻲ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺎ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻨﺒ ّ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ: ل َرﺳُﻮ ُ ل :ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ س َر ِ ﻦ َأ ْو ٍ ﺷﺪﱠا ِد ْﺑ ِ ﻦ َ ﻋْ ) (1669ــ َ
ﺴﻨُﻮا ﺣ ِ ﺤ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﻓ َﺄ ْ ﺴﻨُﻮا ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺘ َﻠﺔَ ،وَإذَا َذ َﺑ ْ ﺣ ِ ﻲءٍ ،ﻓَﺈذَا َﻗ َﺘ ْﻠ ُﺘ ْﻢ َﻓ َﺄ ْ ﺷ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ ُآﻞﱢ َ ن َ ﺣﺴَﺎ َ ﺐ اﻹ ْ ن اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َآ َﺘ َ »إ ﱠ ﻪ« .رواﻩ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ،وأﺑﻮ داود واﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻲ واﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ. ﺤ َﺘ ُ ح َذﺑِﻴ َ ﺷ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺗ ُﻪ َو ْﻟ ُﻴ ِﺮ ْ ﺣ ُﺪ ُآ ْﻢ َ ﺤ ﱠﺪ َأ َ ﺤﺔََ ،و ْﻟ ُﻴ ِ اﻟ ﱢﺬ ْﺑ َ ل: ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َ ﺿَ س َر ِ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋِ ) (1670ــ َو َ
ﻆ ﺤُ ﻲ َﺗ ْﻠ َ ﺷ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺗﻪَُ ،و ِه َ ﺤﺪﱡ َ ﺤ ِﺔ ﺷَﺎةٍَ ،و ُه َﻮ ُﻳ ِ ﺻ ْﻔ َ ﻋﻠَﻰ َ ﺟ َﻠ ُﻪ َ ﺿ ٍﻊ ِر ْ ﺟ ٍﻞ وَا ِ ﻋﻠَﻰ َر ُ َﻣ ﱠﺮ َرﺳُﻮ ُل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َ ن ُﺗﻤِﻴ َﺘﻬَﺎ َﻣ ْﻮ َﺗ َﺘ ْﻴ ِ ﻼ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ ٰﻩذَا؟ َأ َو ُﺗﺮِﻳ ُﺪ َأ ْ ﺼ ِﺮهَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َلَ» :أ َﻓ َ إ َﻟ ْﻴ ِﻪ ِﺑ َﺒ َ ﻦ« .رواﻩ اﻟﻄﺒﺮاﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﻴﺮ واﻷوﺳﻂ، ورﺟﺎﻟﻪ رﺟﺎل اﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ،ورواﻩ اﻟﺤﺎآﻢ إﻻ أﻧﻪ ﻗﺎل:
5
ن ﻚ َﻗ ْﺒ َﻞ َأ ْ ﺷ ْﻔ َﺮ َﺗ َ ت َ ﺣ َﺪ ْد َ ﻼ َأ ْ ن ُﺗﻤِﻴ َﺘﻬَﺎ َﻣ ْﻮﺗَﺎتٍَ ،ه ﱠ »َأ ُﺗﺮِﻳ ُﺪ َأ ْ
ﻌﻬَﺎ« ،وﻗﺎل :ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﺮط اﻟﺒﺨﺎري. ﺠَ ﻀِ ُﺗ ْ
) (1671ــ َو ُر ِو َي َﻋ ِﻦ ا ْﺑ ِﻦ ُﻋ َﻤ َﺮ َر ِﺿ َﻲ اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻪ َﻋ ْﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ﻗَﺎ َلَ :أ َﻣ َﺮ اﻟﱠﻨِﺒ ﱡﻲ ِﺑ َﺤ ﱢﺪ اﻟ ﱢﺸﻔَﺎ ِرَ .وَأ ْن ُﺗﻮَارَىٰ َﻋ ِﻦ اْﻟَﺒﻬَﺎِﺋﻢِ ،وﻗَﺎ َل:
ﺣ ُﺪ ُآ ْﻢ ﺢ َأ َ إذَا َذ َﺑ َ
ﺰ« .رواﻩ اﺑﻦ ﻣﺎﺟﻪ. ﺠ ِﻬ ْ َﻓ ْﻠ ُﻴ ْ »اﻟﺸﻔﺎر« ،ﺟﻤﻊ ﺷﻔﺮة :وهﻲ اﻟﺴﻜﻴﻦ ،وﻓﻠﻴﺠﻬﺰ :هﻮ ﺑﻀﻢ اﻟﻴﺎء ،وﺳﻜﻮن اﻟﺠﻴﻢ وآﺴﺮ اﻟﻬﺎء ،وﺁﺧﺮﻩ زاي :أي ﻓﻠﻴﺴﺮع ذﺑﺤﻬﺎ وﻳﺘﻤﻪ.
® y7Ï9¨x‹x. 4 öΝä3ΖÏΒ 3“uθø)−G9$# ã&è!$uΖtƒ ⎯Å3≈s9uρ $yδäτ!$tΒÏŠ Ÿωuρ $yγãΒθçté: ©!$# tΑ$uΖtƒ ⎯s9 ™〈 ∩⊂∠∪ š⎥⎫ÏΖÅ¡ósßϑø9$# ÎÅe³o0uρ 3 ö/ä31y‰yδ $tΒ 4’n?tã ©!$# (#ρãÉi9s3çGÏ9 öΝä3s9 $yδu¤‚y )اﻟﺤﺞ (037
ﻦ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ﻈ ُﻢ ,وَا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻘ َﺮ ُة َأ ْﻓ َ ﻋَ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﺒ َﻘ ِﺮ ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ َأ ْ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ﻒ رﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ) وَا ْﻟ َﺒ َﺪ َﻧ ُﺔ َأ ْﻓ َ ﺼﻨﱢ ُ ل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ ْﺒ َﻌ ٍﺔ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ َﺪ َﻧ ٍﺔ َأ ْو َﺑ َﻘ َﺮ ٍة ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻳ ْﻨ َﻔ ِﺮ ُد ﻦ ُﻣﺸَﺎ َر َآ ِﺔ َ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐ َﻨ ِﻢ ,وَاﻟﺸﱠﺎ ُة َأ ْﻓ َ ﺴ ْﺒ ٍﻊ ِﻣ ْ اﻟﺸﱠﺎ ِة ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ ِﺑ َ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ ن َرﺳُﻮ َ ﺖ َأ ﱠ ﻦ اﻟﺼﱠﺎ ِﻣ ِ ﻋﺒَﺎ َد ُة ْﺑ ُ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺰ ِ ,ﻟﻤَﺎ َروَى ُ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ن َأ ْﻓ َ ﻀ ْﺄ ُ ِﺑِﺈرَا َﻗ ِﺔ اﻟ ﱠﺪ ِم وَاﻟ ﱠ ع ﺠ َﺬ ِ ﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ َ ﺤَ ﺿﱢ ن ُأ َ ﺳَﻠ َﻤ َﺔ " َﻟَﺄ ْ ﺖ ُأمﱡ َ ن { َوﻗَﺎَﻟ ْ ﺶ ا ْﻟ َﺄ ْﻗ َﺮ ُ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻜ ْﺒ ُ ﺿِ ﺧ ْﻴ ُﺮ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ل} َ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺐ, ﻃ َﻴ ُ ن َأ ْ ﻀ ْﺄ ِ ﺤ َﻢ اﻟ ﱠ ن َﻟ ْ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌ ِﺰ " َوِﻟَﺄ ﱠ ﺴ ﱠﻨ ِﺔ ِﻣ ْ ﻲ ﺑِﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ِ ﺤَ ﺿﱢ ن ُأ َ ﻦ َأ ْ ﻲ ِﻣ ْ ﺐ إَﻟ ﱠ ﺣ ﱡ ن َأ َ ﻀ ْﺄ ِ ﻦ اﻟ ﱠ ِﻣ ْ ﻈ ْﻢ ﻦ ُﻳ َﻌ ﱢ س ﻓِﻲ ﻗﻮﻟﻪ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ } َو َﻣ ْ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋْ ي َ ﺴﻤِﻴ َﻨ ِﺔ ِ ,ﻟﻤَﺎ ُر ِو َ ﻏ ْﻴ ِﺮ اﻟ ﱠ ﻦ َ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ﺴﻤِﻴ َﻨ ُﺔ َأ ْﻓ َ وَاﻟ ﱠ ﺟ َﻬ ُﻪ ﻲ َآ ﱠﺮ َم اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َو ْ ﻋِﻠ ﱞ ﺐ َ ﻄ َ ﺧَ ﺤﺴَﺎ ُﻧﻬَﺎ " َ .و َ ﺳ ِﺘ ْ ﺴﻤَﺎ ُﻧﻬَﺎ وَا ْ ﺳ ِﺘ ْ ل َ " :ﺗ ْﻌﻈِﻴ ُﻤﻬَﺎ ا ْ ﺷﻌَﺎ ِﺋ َﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ { ﻗَﺎ َ َ ﻃ ﱢﻴﺒًﺎ , ﻃ َﻌﻤْﺖ َ ﻃ َﻌﻤْﺖ َأ ْ ن َأ ْ ﻃ ﱢﻴﺒًﺎ َ ,وِإ ْ ن َأ َآﻠْﺖ َأ َآﻠْﺖ َ ﻦ َ .ﻓِﺈ ْ ﺴ ِﻤ ْ ﺳ َﺘ ْ ﻋﺪًا وَا ْ ل َ " :ﺛ ِﻨﻴﺎ َﻓﺼَﺎ ِ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻦ ﺸ ْﻴ ِ ﺿﺤﱠﻰ ِﺑ َﻜ ْﺒ َ ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ َ ن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱠ ﺴ ْﻮدَا ِء ِ ,ﻟَﺄ ﱠ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻐ ْﺒﺮَا ِء وَاﻟ ﱠ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ وَا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻀَﺎ ُء َأ ْﻓ َ ﻦ َد ِم ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﻀُ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْﻓ َ ﺿِ ل َأﺑُﻮ ُه َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َ " :د ُم ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْﻴﻀَﺎ ِء ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ﺾ " َوﻗَﺎ َ ﺢ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْﺑ َﻴ ُ ﻦ وَا ْﻟَﺄ ْﻣَﻠ ُ ﺤ ْﻴ ِ َأ ْﻣَﻠ َ ﻦ" ) . ﺴُ ﺣَ ﺾ َأ ْ ﺤﺴَﺎ ُﻧﻬَﺎ ,وَا ْﻟﺒِﻴ ُ ﺳ ِﺘ ْ س َ :ﺗ ْﻌﻈِﻴ ُﻤﻬَﺎ ا ْ ل ا ْﺑ ُ ﻦ َوﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ ْﻮدَا َو ْﻳ ِ َ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ
اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻊ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠَﻰ َرﺳُﻮ ِ ﻲ َ ﺼﱢﻠ َ ن ُﻳ َ ﺤ ِﺔ َأ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺬﺑِﻴ َ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ َ ﺐ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ع ( ُﻳ ْ ) َﻓ ْﺮ ٌ ﺟﻤَﺎهِﻴ ُﺮ ﻒ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻨﺒِﻴ ِﻪ َو َ ﺼﻨﱢ ُ ﻄ َﻊ ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟُﺄمﱢ َ ,و ِﺑ ِﻪ َﻗ َ ﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ اﻟﺸﱠﺎ ِﻓ ِﻌ ﱡ ﺺ َ ﺢ َ ,ﻧ ﱠ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْﺑ ِ ِ ﻒ ُهﻨَﺎ ﺼﱢﻨ َ ن ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َ ﺐ َأ ﱠ ﺠ ٌ ﻋَ ﺐ َوﻟَﺎ ُﻳ ْﻜ َﺮ ُﻩ َ .و َ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﻦ َأﺑِﻲ ُه َﺮ ْﻳ َﺮ َة َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻟَﺎ ُﻳ ْ ﺟ ٌﻪ ﻟِﺎ ْﺑ ِ ب َ .وﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َو ْ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْ ﻋَﻠ ُﻢ َ .هﺬَا َﻣ ْﺬ َه ُﺒﻨَﺎ ﺷ ْﻬ َﺮ ِﺗﻬَﺎ َو ِذ ْآ َﺮ ُﻩ إﻳﱠﺎهَﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻨﺒِﻴ ِﻪ َ ,واَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْ ﺴَﺄَﻟ ِﺔ َﻣ َﻊ ُ ﻞ ِذ ْآ َﺮ َه ِﺬ ِﻩ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْ ﻒ َأ ْه َﻤ َ َآ ْﻴ َ ﺢ إﻟﱠﺎ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺬ ْﺑ ِ ﻚ َوﺳَﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ ا ْﻟ ُﻌَﻠﻤَﺎ ِء َآﺮَا َه َﺘﻬَﺎ ,ﻗَﺎﻟُﻮا َ :وﻟَﺎ ُﻳ ْﺬ َآ ُﺮ ِ ﻦ ﻣَﺎِﻟ ٍ ﻋْ ض َ ﻋﻴَﺎ ٌ ﻞ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎﺿِﻲ ِ َو َﻧ َﻘ َ ﺪ ُﻩ . ﺣَ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َو ْ ﺸ ُﺔ ت ﻋَﺎ ِﺋ َ ﺤ َﺔ إﻟَﻰ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒَﻠ ِﺔ ِﻟﻤَﺎ َر َو ْ ن ُﻳ َﻮﺟﱢ َﻪ اﻟ ﱠﺬﺑِﻴ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﻒ رﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ) وَا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ ﺼﻨﱢ ُ ل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻦ ﺴ ُﻜ ْﻢ َﻓِﺈ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ﻣَﺎ ِﻣ ْ ﻃ ﱢﻴﺒُﻮا َأ ْﻧ ُﻔ َ ﺿﺤﱡﻮا َو َ ل} َ ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻗَﺎ َ ن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱠ رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ َأ ﱠ ت ﻓِﻲ ﻣِﻴﺰَا ِﻧ ِﻪ َﻳ ْﻮ َم ا ْﻟ ِﻘﻴَﺎ َﻣ ِﺔ { ﺴﻨَﺎ ٍ ﺣَ ن َد ُﻣﻬَﺎ َو َﻓ ْﺮ ُﺛﻬَﺎ َوﺻُﻮ ُﻓ َﻬﺎ َ ﺤ ِﺘ ِﻪ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒَﻠ َﺔ إﻟﱠﺎ آَﺎ َ ﻞ ِﺑ َﺬﺑِﻴ َ ﺴ َﺘ ْﻘ ِﺒ ُ ﺴِﻠ ٍﻢ َﻳ ْ ُﻣ ْ 6
ﻲ اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﺗﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ ﺴ ﱢﻤ َ ن ُﻳ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﺟ َﻬ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒَﻠ ِﺔ َأ ْوﻟَﻰ َ .و ُﻳ ْ ﺖ ِ ﺟ َﻬ ٍﺔ َ ,ﻓﻜَﺎ َﻧ ْ ﻦ ِ َوِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ُﻗ ْﺮ َﺑ ٌﺔ ﻟَﺎ ُﺑﺪﱠ ﻓِﻴﻬَﺎ ِﻣ ْ ﻞ ل ) اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ن َﻳﻘُﻮ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﺳﻤﱠﻰ َو َآ ﱠﺒ َﺮ { َو ُﻳ ْ ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ َ ن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱠ ﺲ } َأ ﱠ ﺚ َأ َﻧ ٍ ﺤﺪِﻳ ِ ِﻟ َ ل: ﻦ ا ْﻟ ِﻘ ْﺒَﻠ ِﺔ ُ .ﺛﻢﱠ َﻳﻘُﻮ ُ ﺤ َﺘ ُﻪ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻪ َو َﺑ ْﻴ َ ﺣ ُﺪ ُآ ْﻢ َذﺑِﻴ َ ﻞ َأ َ ﺠ َﻌ ْ ل ِﻟ َﻴ ْ س َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻗَﺎ َ ﻋﺒﱠﺎ ٍ ﻦ َ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋْ ي َ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ ( ِﻟﻤَﺎ ُر ِو َ ﻋ َﻤ َﺮ رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻦ ُ ﻦ ا ْﺑ ِ ﻋْ ﻞ ( َو َ ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َوِإﻟَﻰ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ,اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوﻟَﻚ ,اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ِﻣ ْ ﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ ( . ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ َ ,واَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻬ ﱠﻢ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوﻟَﻚ ,اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ل ) ِﻣ ْ ﺿﺤﱠﻰ ﻗَﺎ َ ن إذَا َ ﻋﻨﻬﻤﺎ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ آَﺎ َ ﺣﻜَﻰ ﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ َ .و َ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ :اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوِإَﻟﻴْﻚ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺔ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﻀِ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ل ِ ن َﻳﻘُﻮ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ع ( ُﻳ ْ َﻓ ْﺮ ٌ ﻞ ل َ :ﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ﻖ َ .وَﻟ ْﻮ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ َﺒ َ ﺐ ﻣَﺎ َ ﻒ وَا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ َه ُ ﺿﻌِﻴ ٌ ﺐ َ ,و َهﺬَا ﺷَﺎ ﱞذ َ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﺟﻬًﺎ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻟَﺎ ُﻳ ْ ي َو ْ ا ْﻟﻤَﺎ َو ْر ِد ﱡ ﻋ ْﺒﺪِك َو َرﺳُﻮﻟِﻚ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ وﺳﻠﻢ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْﻜ َﺮ ْﻩ ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َ ﺧﻠِﻴﻠِﻚ َو ُﻣ َ ﻦ إ ْﺑﺮَاهِﻴ َﻢ َ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ َآﻤَﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒﻠْﺖ ِﻣ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺻﺤَﺎ ُﺑﻨَﺎ َ ﻖ َأ ْ ب ,وَا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِ ﻦ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْ ﻋْ ﺤ ِﺮ َ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْ ﺐ َ ,آﺬَا َﻧ َﻘَﻠ ُﻪ اﻟﺮﱡوﻳَﺎ ِﻧ ﱡ ﺤ ﱠ ﺴ َﺘ َ َ ,وَﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْ ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬآُﻮ ِر َ ,و ُه َﻮ ﺚ َأ َﻧ ٍ ﺤﺪِﻳ ِ ﺴ ِﻢ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ِﻟ َ ل ِ :ﺑ ْ ﺤﺒَﺎ ِ ﺳ ِﺘ ْ اْ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻴﻘُﻮ ُ ب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜﺒِﻴ ِﺮ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ن ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﺒ َﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﺗﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ َﻗ ْﺒ َ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْ ﺿِ ﺨﺘَﺎ ُر ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ي َ :ﻳ ْ ل ا ْﻟﻤَﺎ َو ْر ِد ﱡ ﻖ .ﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ َﺒ َ ﺢ َآﻤَﺎ َ ﺻﺤِﻴ ٌ َ ﻋَﻠ ُﻢ . . ل :اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ َ .واَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْ َو َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪهَﺎ َﺛﻠَﺎﺛًﺎ َﻓ َﻴﻘُﻮ ُ ﺣﻜَﻰ ﻞ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ َ .و َ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ :اﻟﻠﱠ ُﻬﻢﱠ ِﻣﻨْﻚ َوِإَﻟﻴْﻚ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ﺤ َﻴ ِﺔ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﻀِ ﻋ ْﻨ َﺪ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ل ِ ن َﻳﻘُﻮ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ع ( ُﻳ ْ َﻓ ْﺮ ٌ ﻞ ل َ :ﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒ ْ ﻖ َ .وَﻟ ْﻮ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ َﺒ َ ﺐ ﻣَﺎ َ ﻒ وَا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬ َه ُ ﺿﻌِﻴ ٌ ﺐ َ ,و َهﺬَا ﺷَﺎ ﱞذ َ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﺟﻬًﺎ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻟَﺎ ُﻳ ْ ي َو ْ ا ْﻟﻤَﺎ َو ْر ِد ﱡ ﻋ ْﺒﺪِك َو َرﺳُﻮﻟِﻚ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﻤﺎ وﺳﻠﻢ َﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْﻜ َﺮ ْﻩ ﺤ ﱠﻤ ٍﺪ َ ﺧﻠِﻴﻠِﻚ َو ُﻣ َ ﻦ إ ْﺑﺮَاهِﻴ َﻢ َ ِﻣﻨﱢﻲ َآﻤَﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺒﻠْﺖ ِﻣ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ ﺻﺤَﺎ ُﺑﻨَﺎ َ ﻖ َأ ْ ب ,وَا ﱠﺗ َﻔ َ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِ ﻦ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْ ﻋْ ﺤ ِﺮ َ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﺒ ْ ﺐ َ ,آﺬَا َﻧ َﻘَﻠ ُﻪ اﻟﺮﱡوﻳَﺎ ِﻧ ﱡ ﺤ ﱠ ﺴ َﺘ َ َ ,وَﻟ ْﻢ ُﻳ ْ ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺬآُﻮ ِر َ ,و ُه َﻮ ﺚ َأ َﻧ ٍ ﺤﺪِﻳ ِ ﺴ ِﻢ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ َواَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ ِﻟ َ ل ِ :ﺑ ْ ب اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻜﺒِﻴ ِﺮ َﻣ َﻊ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﺤﺒَﺎ ِ ﺳ ِﺘ ْ اْ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ َﻓ َﻴﻘُﻮ ُ ﺴ ِﻤ َﻴ ِﺔ ﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ن ُﻳ َﻜ ﱢﺒ َﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ َﻪ َﺗﻌَﺎﻟَﻰ َﻗ ْﺒ َ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َأ ْ ﺿِ ﺨﺘَﺎ ُر ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ي َ :ﻳ ْ ل ا ْﻟﻤَﺎ َو ْر ِد ﱡ ﻖ .ﻗَﺎ َ ﺳ َﺒ َ ﺢ َآﻤَﺎ َ ﺻﺤِﻴ ٌ َ ﻋَﻠ ُﻢ . . ل :اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْآ َﺒ ُﺮ َ .واَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْ َو َﺑ ْﻌ َﺪهَﺎ َﺛﻠَﺎﺛًﺎ َﻓ َﻴﻘُﻮ ُ ﺤﻴﱠ ُﺔ ُﻧ ِ ﺿِ ي َأ ْو ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ﺤ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻬ ْﺪ ُ ﻒ رﺣﻤﻪ اﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ ) َوِإذَا ُﻧ ِ ﻄ ﱡﻮﻋًﺎ ن َﺗ َ ن آَﺎ َ ﻈﺮْت َﻓِﺈ ْ ﺼﻨﱢ ُ ل ا ْﻟ ُﻤ َ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺤ َﺮ َﺛﻠَﺎﺛًﺎ ﻲ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ } َﻧ َ ن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ِﺒ ﱠ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ِ ,ﻟﻤَﺎ َروَى ﺟَﺎ ِﺑ ٌﺮ َأ ﱠ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﻓَﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ ﻦ ُآﻞﱢ ﺷ َﺮ َآ ُﻪ ﻓِﻲ َه ْﺪ ِﻳ ِﻪ َ ,وَأ َﻣ َﺮ ِﻣ ْ ﻏ َﺒ َﺮ َوَأ ْ ﺤ َﺮ ﻣَﺎ َ ﻋِﻠﻴﺎ رﺿﻲ اﷲ ﻋﻨﻪ َﻓ َﻨ َ ﻋﻄَﻰ َ ﻦ َﺑ َﺪ َﻧ ًﺔ ُﺛﻢﱠ َأ ْ ﺳﺘﱢﻴ َ َو ِ ﻚ ﺐ َذِﻟ َ ﺠ ُ ﻦ َﻣ َﺮ ِﻗﻬَﺎ { َوﻟَﺎ َﻳ ِ ب ِﻣ ْ ﺷ ِﺮ َ ﺤ ِﻤﻬَﺎ َو َ ﻦ َﻟ ْ ﻞ ِﻣ ْ ﺖ َﻓَﺄ َآ َ ﺨ ْ ﻄ ِﺒ َ ﺠ َﻌَﻠﻬَﺎ ِﻓﻲ ِﻗ ْﺪ ٍر َﻓ ُ ﻀ َﻌ ٍﺔ َﻓ َ َﺑ َﺪ َﻧ ٍﺔ ِﺑ َﺒ ْ ن َﻓ ُﻬ َﻮ ﺠ َﻌَﻠﻬَﺎ َﻟﻨَﺎ َ ,وﻣَﺎ ُه َﻮ ِﻟ ْﻠِﺈ ْﻧﺴَﺎ ِ ﺷﻌَﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ { َﻓ َ ﻦ َ ﺟ َﻌ ْﻠﻨَﺎهَﺎ َﻟ ُﻜ ْﻢ ِﻣ ْ ن َ ﻞ } وَا ْﻟ ُﺒ ْﺪ َ ﺟﱠ ﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َ ِﻟ َﻘ ْﻮِﻟ ِﻪ َ ﻞ ل ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘﺪِﻳ ِﻢ َ :ﻳ ْﺄ ُآ ُ ن ,ﻗَﺎ َ ﺐ َأ ْآُﻠ ُﻪ َﻗ ْﻮﻟَﺎ ِ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﻦ َﺗ ْﺮ ِآ ِﻪ َ ,وﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر اﱠﻟﺬِي ُﻳ ْ ﻦ َأ ْآِﻠ ِﻪ َو َﺑ ْﻴ َ ﺨ ﱠﻴ ٌﺮ َﺑ ْﻴ َ ُﻣ َ ﺠ َﻌَﻠﻬَﺎ ﺲ ا ْﻟ َﻔﻘِﻴ َﺮ { َﻓ َ ﻃ ِﻌﻤُﻮا ا ْﻟﺒَﺎ ِﺋ َ ﻞ } َﻓ ُﻜﻠُﻮا ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َوَأ ْ ﺟﱠ ﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َ ﻒ ِﻟ َﻘ ْﻮِﻟ ِﻪ َ ﺼ ِ ق ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱢﻨ ْ ﺼ ﱠﺪ ُ ﻒ َو َﻳ َﺘ َ ﺼ َ اﻟ ﱢﻨ ْ ﺚ ﺚ َو ُﻳ ْﻬﺪِي اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ﺠﺪِﻳ ِﺪ َ :ﻳ ْﺄ ُآ ُ ل ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َ ﻦ َ .وﻗَﺎ َ ﺼ َﻔ ْﻴ ِ ﻋﻠَﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻬﻤَﺎ ِﻧ ْ ل َ ﻦ َ ,ﻓ َﺪ ﱠ ﻦ ا ْﺛ َﻨ ْﻴ ِ َﺑ ْﻴ َ ﻦ: ﺴُ ﺤَ ل ا ْﻟ َ ﻃ ِﻌﻤُﻮا ا ْﻟﻘَﺎ ِﻧ َﻊ وَا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺘ ﱠﺮ { ﻗَﺎ َ ﻞ } َﻓ ُﻜﻠُﻮا ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َوَأ ْ ﺟﱠ ﻋ ﱠﺰ َو َ ﺚ ِﻟ َﻘ ْﻮِﻟ ِﻪ َ ق ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ ِ ﺼ ﱠﺪ ُ َو َﻳ َﺘ َ ﺲ ل ُﻣﺠَﺎ ِه ٌﺪ " :ا ْﻟﻘَﺎ ِﻧ ُﻊ ا ْﻟﺠَﺎِﻟ ُ ﺴَﺄﻟُﻚ َوﻗَﺎ َ ض ﻟَﻚ َوﻟَﺎ َﻳ ْ ﺴَﺄﻟُﻚ ,وَا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺘ ﱡﺮ اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻳ َﺘ َﻌ ﱠﺮ ُ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎ ِﻧ ُﻊ اﱠﻟ ِﺬي َﻳ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ َأ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ َﺑ ْﻴ َﻨ ُﻬ ْﻢ َأ ْﺛﻠَﺎﺛًﺎ َ ) .وَأﻣﱠﺎ ( ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ُر ل َ ﻦ َﺛﻠَﺎ َﺛ ٍﺔ َﻓ َﺪ ﱠ ﺠ َﻌَﻠﻬَﺎ َﺑ ْﻴ َ ﺴَﺄﻟُﻚ " َﻓ َ ﻓِﻲ َﺑ ْﻴ ِﺘ ِﻪ وَا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْﻌ َﺘ ﱡﺮ اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻳ ْ ص ﻦ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎ ﱢ س ْﺑ ُ ﺞ َوَأﺑُﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ﺳ َﺮ ْﻳ ٍ ﻦ ُ س ْﺑ ُ ل َأﺑُﻮ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ ن ,ﻗَﺎ َ ﺟﻬَﺎ ِ ﻞ َﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ َو ْ ن ُﻳ ْﺆ َآ َ اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ ﺟﻤِﻴ َﻌﻬَﺎ َآﺴَﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ ﻞ َ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َﻓﺠَﺎ َز َأ ْ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺤ ٌﺔ َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ ﺠﻤِﻴ َﻊ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧﻬَﺎ َذﺑِﻴ َ ﻞ ا ْﻟ َ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ 7
ن ﺼ َﺪ َﻗ ِﺔ ; ِﻟ َﺄ ﱠ ﺳ ُﻢ اﻟ ﱠ ﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ا ْ ﻲ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َﻗ ْﺪ َر ﻣَﺎ َﻳ َﻘ ُﻊ َ ن ُﻳ ْﺒ ِﻘ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺠ ُ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِﺑﻨَﺎ َ :ﻳ ِ ل ﻋَﺎﻣﱠ ُﺔ َأ ْ ﺢ َ ,وﻗَﺎ َ اﻟ ﱠﺬﺑَﺎ ِﺋ ِ ﻋﻠَﻰ ﻦ َ ﻀ َﻤ ْ ﺠﻤِﻴ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْ ﻞ ا ْﻟ َ ن َأ َآ َ ﻞ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﺑ ُﺔ َﻟ ُﻪ َ ,ﻓِﺈ ْ ﺼْ ﺤ ُ ﺠﻤِﻴ َﻊ َﻟ ْﻢ َﺗ ْ ﻞ ا ْﻟ َ ﺼ َﺪ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ ا ْﻟ ُﻘ ْﺮ َﺑ ُﺔ َ ,ﻓِﺈذَا َأ َآ َ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْ ﻦ ﻀ َﻤ ُ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِﺑﻨَﺎ َ ,وﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ ِر اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻳ ْ ل ﺳَﺎ ِﺋ ِﺮ َأ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ َﻗ ْﻮ ِ ﻦ َ ﻀ َﻤ ُ ص َو َﻳ ْ ﻦ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎ ﱢ س وَا ْﺑ ِ ل َأﺑِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻌﺒﱠﺎ ِ َﻗ ْﻮ ِ ﺐ ﺤ ﱠ ﺴ َﺘ َ ﻦ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﺪ َر ا ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ ﻀ َﻤ ُ ﺼ َﺪ َﻗ ِﺔ ) وَاﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ( َﻳ ْ ئ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﺠ ِﺰ ُ ﻞ ﻣَﺎ ُﻳ ْ ﻦ َأ َﻗ ﱠ ﻀ َﻤ ُ ﺣ ُﺪ ُهﻤَﺎ ( َﻳ ْ ن ) َأ َ ﺟﻬَﺎ ِ َو ْ ﺳ ْﻬ َﻢ ا ْﻟ ُﻔ َﻘﺮَا ِء ق َ ﻦ َﻓ ﱠﺮ َ ﻦ ﻓِﻴ َﻤ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮَﻟ ْﻴ ِ ﺧ ِﺮ ِﺑﻨَﺎ ًء َ ﻒ ﻓِﻲ اﻟْﺂ َ ﺼ ُ ﻦ وَاﻟ ﱢﻨ ْ ﺣ ِﺪ ا ْﻟ َﻘ ْﻮَﻟ ْﻴ ِ ﺚ ﻓِﻲ َأ َ َو ُه َﻮ اﻟﺜﱡُﻠ ُ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺠ ْﺰ َأ ْ ﻋﻤﱠﺎ ﻓِﻲ ِذ ﱠﻣ ِﺘ ِﻪ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُ ﻋ ﱠﻴ َﻨ ُﻪ َ ن َﻗ ْﺪ َ ن آَﺎ َ ﻈﺮْت َﻓِﺈ ْ ن َﻧ ْﺬرًا َﻧ َ ن آَﺎ َ ﻦ َوِإ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ ا ْﺛ َﻨ ْﻴ ِ َ ن ت َ ,وِإ ْ ﺐ ِﺑ َﺘ ْﺮ ِ ﺠ ُ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ آَﺎﻟ ﱠﺪ ِم اﱠﻟﺬِي َﻳ ِ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺠ ْﺰ َأ ْ ﺐ َﻓَﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ُ ﺟ ٍ ﻦ وَا ِ ﻋْ ل َ َﺑ َﺪ ٌ ﻦ ا ْﻟﻤِﻴﻘَﺎ ِ ﺣﺮَا ِم ِﻣ ْ ك ا ْﻟِﺈ ْ ﺟﺰَا ٌء , ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺠ ْﺰ َأ ْ ﺐ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُ ﺾ َو ُﻗﺪُو ِم ا ْﻟﻐَﺎ ِﺋ ِ ﺸﻔَﺎ ِء ا ْﻟ َﻤﺮِﻳ ِ ن َﻧ ْﺬ َر ُﻣﺠَﺎزَا ٍة آَﺎﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺬ ِر ِﻟ ِ آَﺎ َ ﺟ ٍﻪ ) ﺿﻤَﺎ ِﻧ ِﻪ َﺛﻠَﺎ َﺛ ُﺔ َأ ْو ُ ﺿ ِﻤ َﻨ ُﻪ َ .وﻓِﻲ َ ﺷ ْﻴﺌًﺎ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َ ﻞ َ ن َأ َآ َ ﺼ ْﻴ ِﺪ َ ,ﻓِﺈ ْ ﺠﺰَا ِء اﻟ ﱠ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َآ َ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺠ ْﺰ َأ ْ َﻓَﻠ ْﻢ َﻳ ُ ﺤ ِﻢ ; ﻦ اﻟﱠﻠ ْ ﻲ ) وَاﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ( َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْﺜُﻠ ُﻪ ِﻣ ْ ﺟ َﻨ ِﺒ ﱞ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َأ ْ ﻞ َ ,آﻤَﺎ َﻟ ْﻮ َأ َآ َ ﺣ ُﺪهَﺎ ( َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ ﻗِﻴ َﻤ ُﺔ ﻣَﺎ َأ َآ َ َأ َ ن ﺚ ( َﻳ ْﻠ َﺰ ُﻣ ُﻪ َأ ْ ﺿ ِﻤ َﻨ ُﻪ ِﺑ ِﻤ ْﺜِﻠ ِﻪ ) وَاﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ُ ﻀ ُﻪ َ ﻞ َﺑ ْﻌ َ ﺿ ِﻤ َﻨ ُﻪ ِﺑ ِﻤ ْﺜِﻠ ِﻪ َ ,ﻓِﺈذَا َأ َآ َ ﺟﻤِﻴ َﻌ ُﻪ َ ﻞ َ ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ َأ َآ َ ﺟ ٍﻪ ﻄَﻠﻘًﺎ َﻓﻔِﻴ ِﻪ َﺛﻠَﺎ َﺛ ُﺔ َأ ْو ُ ن َﻧ ْﺬرًا ُﻣ ْ ن آَﺎ َ ﺤ ِﻪ َ .وِإ ْ ك ﻓِﻲ َذ ْﺑ ِ ن ِﻣ ْﺜِﻠ ِﻪ َ ,و ُﻳﺸَﺎ ِر ُ ﺣ َﻴﻮَا ٍ ﻦ َ ﺟ ْﺰءًا ِﻣ ْ ي ُ ﺸ َﺘ ِﺮ َ َﻳ ْ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ َآ َﺪ ِم ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺐ َﻓﻠَﺎ َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ ﺟ ٍ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠﻧ ُﻪ إرَا َﻗ ُﺔ َد ٍم وَا ِ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺣ ُﺪهَﺎ ( َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻟَﺎ َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ ) َأ َ ع, ﺸ ْﺮ ِ ﻋَﻠﻰ ﻣَﺎ َﺗ َﻘ ﱠﺮ َر ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﻞ َ ﺤ َﻤ ُ ﻖ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﺬ ِر ُﻳ ْ ﻄَﻠ َ ن ُﻣ ْ س ) وَاﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ( َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠ ﺐ وَاﻟﱢﻠﺒَﺎ ِ اﻟﻄﱢﻴ ِ ﺚ( ﻋَﻠ ْﻴ ِﻪ ) وَاﻟﺜﱠﺎِﻟ ُ ﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺬ ُر َ ﺤ ِﻤ َ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َ ,ﻓ ُ ع َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز ا ْﻟَﺄ ْآ ُ ﺸ ْﺮ ِ ﺤﻴﱠ ُﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻬُﻮ َد ُة ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﺿِ ي وَا ْﻟُﺄ ْ وَا ْﻟ َﻬ ْﺪ ُ ﻞ ع َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز ا ْﻟَﺄ ْآ ُ ﺸ ْﺮ ِ ﺤ ﱠﻴ َﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻬُﻮ َد َة ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﺿِ ن ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ًﺔ ﺟَﺎ َز َأ ْ ﺿِ ن ُأ ْ ن آَﺎ َ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ إ ْ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ ع َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز ا ْﻟَﺄ ْآ ُ ﺸ ْﺮ ِ ن َأ ْآ َﺜ َﺮ ا ْﻟ َﻬﺪَاﻳَﺎ ﻓِﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﻞ ِﻣ ْﻨ ُﻪ ; ِﻟَﺄ ﱠ ن َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ َ ﺠ ْﺰ َأ ْ ن َه ْﺪﻳًﺎ َﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ُ ن آَﺎ َ ِﻣ ْﻨﻬَﺎ َ ,وِإ ْ ﻋَﻠ ْﻴﻬَﺎ ( . ﻞ اﻟﻨﱠ ْﺬ ُر َ ﺤ ِﻤ َ َﻓ ُ ﻋ ْﻨ ُﻪ ُﺛﻢﱠ ق َﺛﻠَﺎ َﺛ ِﺔ َأﻳﱠﺎ ٍم َﻣ ْﻨ ِﻬﻴﺎ َ ن ا ﱢدﺧَﺎ ُرهَﺎ َﻓ ْﻮ َ ﺤ ﱠﻴ ِﺔ َ ,وآَﺎ َ ﺿِ ﺤ ِﻢ ا ْﻟُﺄ ْ ﻦ َﻟ ْ ﺧ َﺮ ِﻣ ْ ن َﻳ ﱠﺪ ِ ع ( َﻳﺠُﻮ ُز َأ ْ ) َﻓ ْﺮ ٌ ﺸﻬُﻮ َر ِة . ﺤ ِﺔ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْ ﺼﺤِﻴ َ ﺚ اﻟ ﱠ ﺖ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟَﺄﺣَﺎدِﻳ ِ ﻚ ﺛَﺎ ِﺑ ٌ ل اﻟﱠﻠ ِﻪ ﺻﻠﻰ اﷲ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ وﺳﻠﻢ ﻓِﻴ ِﻪ َ ,و َذِﻟ َ ن َرﺳُﻮ ُ َأ ِذ َ ﻞ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْﻨﺰِﻳ ُﻪ . ﺤ َﺘ َﻤ ُ ي ُ :ﻳ ْ ﻄ َﺒ ِﺮ ﱡ ﻲ اﻟ ﱠ ﻋِﻠ ﱟ ل َأﺑُﻮ َ ﺤﺮِﻳ ٍﻢ َ .وﻗَﺎ َ ﻲ َﺗ ْ ﻲ َﻧ ْﻬ َ ن اﻟﻨﱠ ْﻬ ُ ﺻﺤَﺎ ِﺑﻨَﺎ :آَﺎ َ ﺟ ْﻤﻬُﻮ ُر َأ ْ ل ُ ﻗَﺎ َ ﺨﺼُﻮﺻًﺎ ن َﻣ ْ ﺦ َأ ْم آَﺎ َ ﺴَ ن ﻋَﺎﻣﺎ ُﺛﻢﱠ ُﻧ ِ ﻲ آَﺎ َ ن اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻬ َ ﻦ ﻓِﻲ َأ ﱠ ﺟ َﻬ ْﻴ ِ ﺤﺮِﻳ ِﻢ َو ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ب َ ﺻﺤَﺎ ُ َو َذ َآ َﺮ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْ ﻦ َ ﺟ َﻬ ْﻴ ِ ﺤﺮِﻳ ُﻢ ؟ َو ْ ﺖ ا ْﻧ َﺘﻬَﻰ اﻟ ﱠﺘ ْ ﻚ اﻟﺴﱠ َﻨ ُﺔ َ ,ﻓَﻠﻤﱠﺎ زَاَﻟ ْ ﻋﻠَﻰ اﻟﺜﱠﺎﻧِﻲ ﻓِﻲ َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ َﻟ ْﻮ ﻖ ا ْﻟﻮَا ِﻗ ِﻊ ِﺗ ْﻠ َ ِﺑﺤَﺎَﻟ ِﺔ اﻟﻀﱢﻴ ِ ﺤ ُﺮ ُم اﻟِﺎ ﱢدﺧَﺎ ُر ا ْﻟ َﻴ ْﻮ َم ف َأﻧﱠ ُﻪ ﻟَﺎ َﻳ ْ ب ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺮُو ُ ﺼﻮَا ُ ﺤ َﻜ ُﻢ ِﺑ ِﻪ ؟ وَاﻟ ﱠ ﻞ ُﻳ ْ ﻚ ﻓِﻲ َزﻣَﺎ ِﻧﻨَﺎ َه ْ ﻞ َذِﻟ َ ث ِﻣ ْﺜ ُ ﺣ َﺪ َ َ ﺼ َﺪ َﻗ ِﺔ ﺐ اﻟ ﱠ ﻦ َﻧﺼِﻴ ِ ﻞ ﻟَﺎ ِﻣ ْ ﺐ ا ْﻟَﺄ ْآ ِ ﻦ َﻧﺼِﻴ ِ ن ِﻣ ْ ن َﻳﻜُﻮ َ ﺐ َأ ْ ﺤ ﱡ ﺴ َﺘ َ ل َ ,وِإذَا َأرَا َد اﻟِﺎ ﱢدﺧَﺎ َر ﻓَﺎ ْﻟ ُﻤ ْ ِﺑﺤَﺎ ٍ ﺚ, ﺧ ُﺮ ,اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ق ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ ِ ﺼ ﱠﺪ ُ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻮﺟِﻴ ِﺰ َ :ﻳ َﺘ َ ﺚ َو َﻳ ﱠﺪ ِ ﻞ اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ﺚ َو َﻳ ْﺄ ُآ ُ ل ا ْﻟ َﻐﺰَاِﻟ ﱢ وَا ْﻟ َﻬ ِﺪ ﱠﻳ ِﺔ َ .وَأﻣﱠﺎ َﻗ ْﻮ ُ ب ﺟ ُﺪ ﻓِﻲ ِآﺘَﺎ ٍ ﻂ ﻟَﺎ َﻳﻜَﺎ ُد ﻳُﻮ َ ﻏَﻠ ٌ ﻲ َ :هﺬَا َ ل اﻟﺮﱠا ِﻓ ِﻌ ﱡ ﻞ وَا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﻨَﻰ ,ﻗَﺎ َ ﺚ اﻟ ﱠﻨ ْﻘ ِ ﺣ ْﻴ ُ ﻦ َ ﻂ ﻇَﺎ ِه ٌﺮ ِﻣ ْ َﻓ َﻐَﻠ ٌ ﺣﺐﱡ ط ُ :أ ِ ﻲ ﻓِﻲ ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﺒﺴُﻮ ِ ل اﻟﺸﱠﺎ ِﻓ ِﻌ ﱡ ف ﻣَﺎ َﻗ ﱠﺪ ْﻣﻨَﺎ ُﻩ َ ,و َﻗ ْﺪ ﻗَﺎ َ ب ا ْﻟ َﻤ ْﻌﺮُو ُ ﺼﻮَا ُ ﺧ ٍﺮ ,وَاﻟ ﱠ ُﻣ َﺘ َﻘ ﱢﺪ ٍم َوﻟَﺎ ُﻣ َﺘَﺄ ﱢ ﺚ َ ,هﺬَا َﻧﺼﱡ ُﻪ ق ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ ِ ﺼ ﱠﺪ َ ﺚ َو َﻳ َﺘ َ ي اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ن ُﻳ ْﻬ ِﺪ َ ﺚ َ ,وَأ ْ ﻞ وَاﻟِﺎ ﱢدﺧَﺎ ِر اﻟ ﱡﺜُﻠ َ ن ﻟَﺎ َﻳ َﺘﺠَﺎ َو َز ﺑِﺎ ْﻟَﺄ ْآ ِ َأ ْ ﺢ ﺼﺮِﻳ ٌ ﻏ ْﻴ َﺮ ُﻩ َ ,و َهﺬَا َﺗ ْ ﺤﺮُو ِﻓ ِﻪ َ ,و َﻗ ْﺪ َﻧ َﻘَﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْﻳﻀًﺎ ا ْﻟﻘَﺎﺿِﻲ َأﺑُﻮ ﺣَﺎ ِﻣ ٍﺪ ﻓِﻲ ﺟَﺎ ِﻣ ِﻌ ِﻪ َوَﻟ ْﻢ َﻳ ْﺬ ُآ ْﺮ َ ِﺑ ُ ﻋَﻠ ُﻢ . ﻲ َ ,واَﻟﱠﻠ ُﻪ َأ ْ ل ا ْﻟ َﻐﺰَاِﻟ ﱢ ب َو َر ﱞد ِﻟ َﻘ ْﻮ ِ ﺼﻮَا ِ ﺑِﺎﻟ ﱠ
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