TRACTUS RESPIRATORIUS 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
anatomi paru kelainan congenital paru atelektasis penyakit vascular paru penyakit difus paru-------radang paru tumor paru kelainan pd pleura
* obstruktip * restriktip ------intra pulmonal extra pulmonal
Tambahan : cav nasi , naso-pharinx , larynx .
•Anomali congenital Agenesis / hypoplasia Kelainan trachea & bronchus Kongenital emphysema Kista congenital Intralobular dan extralobular squestrations
agenesis
aplasia
hypoplasia
Congenital emphysema
Congenital
Pulmonar cyst
Bronchogenic cyst
Extra pulmonal squestrasi
Intrapulmon. squestrasi
ATELEKTASIS Expansi paru tak lengkap / kolaps paru yg telah berudara Obstruction atelektasis Compressip atelektasis Mikro atelektasis Contraksi atelektasis
PENYAKIT PEMBULUH DARAH PARU 1 EDEMA PARU HEMODYNAMIK EDEMA EDEMA pd. Jejas MICROVASCULAR 2 ARDS 3 EMBOLISM , HEMORRHAGR, INFARCTION 4 PULMONAL HYPERTENSI / VASCULARSCLEROSIS
Pulmonal hypertensi & vascular sclerosis * Sekunder banyak: Chronik obstructive atau intersitial lung disease Recuren pulmonal emboli Left-to-right heart shunt * Primer: seperti aterosclerosis biasanya (wanita muda ---------payah jantung kanan)
Penyakit diffus paru Obstructive pulmonary disease Restrictive pulmonary disease
OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE (COPD) •Emphysema •Chronic bronchtis •Asthma •Bronchectasis •Cystic fibrosis •bronchiolitis
emphysema Pelebaran perpermanen rongga distal terminal bronchioli disertai kerusakan dinding Centriacinar (centrilobular) Panacinar (panlobular) Distalacinar (Paraseptal)
CHRONIC BRONCHITIS Def. Batuk2 produktip dan persisten lebih 3 bln selama 2 thn Simple chrn.bronchitis Chrn.mucopurulent bronchitis Chrn. Asthmatic bronchitis Chrn. Obstructive bronchitis
ASTHMA Intrinsik asthma Extrinsik asthma
BRONCHIECTASIS Def. Permanen dilatasi dari bronchi/bronchioli karena kerusakan otot dan jaringan elastik (necrotizing infektion)
SYSTEMA PERNAFASAN ANOMALIA GONGENITAL ATELEKTASIS HEMODINAMMIK GANGUAN VASCULAR---EDEMA---JEJAS MICROVASCULAR - ADRS - EMBOLISMA,HEMORRGAGE,INFARCT - PULM. HYPERTENSI. VAS. SCLER. PENYAKIT DIFUS-----OBSTRUKTIP-------EMPHYSEMA BRONKI TIS ASTHMA BRONKIECTASIS RESTRIKTIP------ EXTRAPULMONAL INTRAPULMONAL RADANG PARU TUMOR PARU KELAINAN PLERA TAMBAHAN: CAV. NASI , NASOPHARYNX , LARYNX.
PENYAKIT RESTRIKTIF
Restriktif acute -------------------ARDS
Restriktif kronik---radang kronik----------fibrosis(sekumpulan penyakit dgn persamaan gejala: *klinis : sesak nafas * radiologis : groundglass picture *Pa : fibrosis
PNEUMOCONIOSIS: -ANTRACOSIS -SILICOSIS
ANTHRACOS
CWP-----PMF
SILICOSIS
BERILLIOSIS
INFEKSI PARU PNEUMONI BACTERIAL -lobar pneumonia / broncho pneumonia VIRAL PNEUMONIA
ABSCESS PARU Def. Nekrosis lokal dan supuratip dlm paru
TBC PARU Penyebaran penyakit
TUMOR PARU Yg secundair banyak. Yg primer: jarang Bronkogenik Ca = 95% 5% = bronchial carcinoid, mesothelioma, bronchial gland Ca mesenchimal Sa, lymphoma
Jinak:
hamartoma
HAMARTOMA
Kanker paru Smookers , lingkungan , heriditar Laki : wanita = 2 : 1 usia 40-70 thn Resiko Perokok biasa ---- risk 10x ,, berat ---- risk 20x ,, pasip ---- risk 2x
Bronchogenic carsinoma I NON SMALL CELL LUNG CA (NSCLC) 70%-75% 1 epidermoid Ca (20-25%) 2 adeno Ca (30-35% 3 Large cell Ca (10-15%) II SMALL CELL CA (SCLC) 20-25% III COMBINED PATTREN (5-10%)
SQUAMOUS CELL CA
ADENO CA
LARGE CELL CA
SMALL CELL CA (OAT CELL CA)
ALVEOLAR CELL CA
BRONCHIAL ADENOMA (ICEBERG TUMOR)
VENA CAVA SUPERIOR SYNDROMA
PANCOAST’S SYNDROMA
HORNER’S SYNDROMA MIOSIS PTOSIS ENOPHTHALMUS ANHYDROSIS
PLEURA EFFUSION:
Transudat Exudat--------empyema PNEUMOTORAX TUMOR: Malignant Mesothelioma Sarcomatoid Epithelial biphasik
PLEURA EFFUSION (cairan) - TRANSUDAT (BD: < 1,015) (CHF) - EXSUDAT: (BD : > 1,016 – 1,020 ) (RADANG) -Serosa -Sero-fibrinosa -Fibrinosa -Purulenta—Empiema -HEMATOTHORAX -CHYLOTHORAX PNEUMOTHORAX---------- SPONTANEA (udara) OPEN CLOSED VENTIL
Mesotheliomasel2
Sel2ganas bifasic
HIDUNG RHINITIS AKUTA:
Stadium viral --------cairan kataral ,, bacterial----eksudat hijau
RHINITIS ALLERGIKA (radang eosinophil) RHINITIS CHRONIKA------Mucosa atrofi Rhinitis Atroficans S Rhinitis SICCA S OZAENA
TUMOR: ISOLATED PLASMOCYTOMA
SINUS PARANASAL Sinusitis : radang---mucocele----empiema (awas dekat otak)
LARYNG LARINGITIS KRONIKA SQUAMOUS METAPLASI EPITHEL MUCOUS GLAND HYPERTROPHY
TUMOR LARYNG
GANAS: SQUAMOUS CELL CA > LAKI2 >40thn
JINAK:
POLYP (singers nodul) PAPILOMA
NASOPHARYNX
Tumor: Jinak: JUVENILE NASOPHARYNGEAL ANGIOFIBROMA
Ganas: KARSINIMA NASOPHARYNX keratinizing squamous cell Ca Non keratinizing karsinoma Undifferentiated Ca Cause: EIBSTEIN BARR VIRUS.