T
Belum lagi, betapa musykilnya menghitung efek psikologis sosial bagi masyarakat yang dilanda bencana. Rekaman gambar-gambar kusam dan pilu seperti mengabarkan kematian bumi Aceh dan Nias setelah dilanda tsunami. Detak jantung kehidupan seperti berhenti. Rumahrumah dan gedung-gedung rata dengan tanah. Jalan-jalan desa dan kota lumpuh. Jembatan-jembatan runtuh. Sawah dan ladang sepi.
The psychological effect on the disaster-stricken community was total. The images coming from the devastated communities after the tsunami seemed to proclaim the death of Aceh and Nias. It was as if the region’s heartbeat had simply stopped. Houses and buildings were levelled. Village and district roads twisted and impassable. Bridges collapsed. Fields and farms laid to waste.
Namun, ikhtiar memulihkan kembali Aceh dan Nias pada hakikatnya adalah ikhtiar menggantikan yang rusak, yang hilang, dan yang lumpuh tadi. Walau tak setara seperti sedia kala, pengganti-pengganti yang dihadirkan diharapkan dapat menjadi pijakan bagi Aceh dan Nias untuk melanjutkan gerak kehidupannya kembali menuju masa depan.
The efforts to restore Aceh and Nias are essentially an attempt to replace what was destroyed, what was lost, and what was paralyzed. Though conditions cannot go back to how they once were, the reconstruction can hopefully provide a foundation on which Aceh and Nias can build towards the future. The reconstruction effort is
he enormity of the damage caused by the tsunami and earthquake in Aceh and Nias on 26 December 2004, followed by the Nias earthquake three months later, cannot be captured in mere statistics. Set against the loss of more 170,000 lives, the fact that 2,000 school buildings were damaged seems almost inconsequential; yet the immaterial loss to the students who survived the disaster is indescribable. At least 2,500 teachers were tragically killed; the cost of training the personnel who can replace them is unimaginable. And beyond the 3,000 kilometres of paralyzed roads, the potential economic value that was destroyed together with the road network cannot be calculated.
•
D
ahsyatnya kerusakan akibat bencana tsunami dan gempa bumi yang singgah di Aceh dan Nias pada 26 Desember 2004 disusul tiga bulan kemudian dengan gempa bumi besar di Nias, tak mungkin terlukiskan hanya dengan angka-angka statistik. Di balik angka lebih dari 170 ribu jiwa melayang, 2.000 gedung sekolah rusak, tak akan pernah terperikan berapa nilai kerugian murid-murid yang selamat dari bencana. Di balik angka 2.500 guru yang gugur, tak terbayangkan berapa biaya untuk menyiapkan tenaga untuk menggantikan peran mereka. Di balik angka 3.000 kilometer jalan yang lumpuh, tak terhitung berapa rupiah potensi ekonomi masyarakat yang musnah bersamanya.
PART THREE
Hope
•
Menyapu Asa
PART TWO
The Emergence of
•
Setelah Tsunami
EPILOGUE
O N E
PART ONE
P A R T
•
S A T U
PROLOGUE
B A G I A N
35
EPILOG • BAGIAN TIGA • BAGIAN DUA • BAGIAN SATU • PROLOG
36
Helikopter membawa bantuan obat-obatan korban gempa di Gunungsitoli, Nias, 2005. The chopper full of medical hit landing in Gunungsitoli, Nias, 2005. Photo | Doc. TEMPO
EPILOGUE • PART THREE • PART TWO PART ONE
•
The soldiers take and care the luggage for earthquake in Nias, 2005. PHOTO | Doc. TEMPO
PROLOGUE
•
Tentara merapikan tumpukan bantuan untuk korban gempa Nias, di bandara Polonia Medan, 2005
37
Sekolah Dasar yang hancur akibat terkena gempa tsunami di Aceh 2005.
PROLOG
•
BAGIAN SATU
•
BAGIAN DUA
•
BAGIAN TIGA
•
EPILOG
One of the Primary School destroyed by earthquake and tsunami in Aceh 2005.
38
Photo | Doc. TEMPO
Yang diikhtiarkan tidak semata-mata pembangunan kembali sarana dan prasarana fisik, melainkan (dan yang lebih penting), pemulihan kepercayaan diri dan kapasitas diri masyarakat Aceh dan Nias.
not merely the rebuilding of physical facilities and infrastructure; more than that, and more importantly, it is the restoration of the selfconfidence and capacity of the people of Aceh and Nias.
Luruhnya Modal dan Sumber Daya
The Cost of Destruction
DALAM catatan Pemerintah Indonesia, bencana tsunami yang melanda Aceh dan Nias serta gempa susulan di Nias ditaksir telah merugikan sektor produktif senilai US$ 1,2 miliar. Sekitar 100 ribu pengusaha kecil kehilangan mata pencarian. Sebanyak 4.717 perahu nelayan hilang. Lebih dari 20 ribu hektar tambak hancur dan 60 ribu petani terpaksa menganggur karena 70 ribu hektar lahan pertanian rusak. Saat itu diperkirakan dana yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun kembali Aceh dan Nias mencapai US$ 4,9 miliar. Namun, sekali lagi, ini adalah gambaran dari angka-angka statistik. Biaya yang terkait dengan manusia tidak akan pernah dapat dihitung.
ACCORDING to Government of Indonesia data, the tsunami that hit Aceh and Nias, followed by the large aftershock in Nias, caused estimated losses of US$ 1.2 billion to the productive sector. Approximately 100,000 small business operators lost their livelihoods. A total of 4,717 fishing boats disappeared. More than 20,000 hectares of fishponds were destroyed and 60 thousand farmers have become idle because 70,000 hectares of farmland were damaged. The funds required to rebuild Aceh and Nias were predicted to reach US$ 4.9 billion. Once again, however, these are just statistics. The human cost can never be calculated.
Dalam upaya massal rekonstruksi ini, ILO hanyalah pemain kecil, bekerja langsung dengan cepat dan memulai kegiatannya dalam hitungan hari setelah tsunami melanda. Kegiatan ILO dapat digambarkan dalam infografis “Jejak ILO di Bumi Aceh dan Nias”.
In this mass reconstruction attempt, the ILO is only a small player. However, it was quick to respond, starting its work within a matter of days after the tsunami struck. The ILO’s activities are described in the “Traces of the ILO in the Land of Aceh and Nias” infographic.
Jejak ILO di Bumi Aceh dan Nias Gempa dan gelombang tsunami melanda Aceh dan Nias pada 26 Desember 2004. Sekitar 170.000 orang tewas, 37.000 orang hilang, dan 500.000 orang terpaksa mengungsi.
Cash for Work menjadi program pembuka untuk menyalurkan bantuan uang sebagai upah kerja pembersihan puing-puing. Selang beberapa bulan kemudian, Nias diguncang gempa pada 28 Maret 2005, menyebabkan 900 orang meninggal dan 40.000 lainnya kehilangan tempat tinggal.
The ILO’s Footprint in Aceh and Nias
2004 MASA BENCANA THE DISASTER
2005 MASA PEMULIHAN THE RECOVERY
Cash for Work was initiated as a program for channelling aid as wages for the work of cleaning up the debris. A few months later, on March 28, 2005, Nias was hit by an earthquake that left 900 people dead and 40,000 others homeless.
• Rehabilitation of 97.4 kilometres of roads in Aceh Besar, Pidie, Bireuen, Nias and South Nias.
• Rehabilitasi 97,4 kilometer jalan di Aceh Besar, Pidie, Bireuen, Nias dan Nias Selatan. • Pemeliharaan 81,5 kilometer jalan Aceh Besar, Pidie, Bireuen, Nias dan Nias Selatan.
The earthquake and tsunami hit Aceh and Nias on December 26, 2004. Approximately 170.000 people were killed, 37,000 people were recorded missing and 500,000 people had to be evacuated.
2005-2006
• Maintenance of 81.5 kilometres of roads in Aceh Besar, Pidie, Bireuen, Nias and South Nias.
• Perbaikan tiga jembatan darurat di Kabupaten Nias.
MASA REHABILITASI
• Rehabilitation of 3 emergency bridges in Nias District.
• Rehabilitasi 0,85 kilometer saluran irigasi, pemeliharaan 2,18 kilometer saluran irigasi di Aceh Jaya, Aceh Barat dan Nagan Raya, serta rehabilitasi empat jembatan dan pembuatan empat jembatan di ketiga kabupaten.
THE REHABILITATION
• Rehabilitation of 0.85 kilometres of irrigation canals, maintenance of 2.18 kilometres of irrigation canals in Aceh Jaya, West Aceh and Nagan Raya, as well as the rehabilitation of 4 bridges and the construction of 4 bridges in the three districts.
• Rehabilitasi 57,2 kilometer jalan di Pidie, Bireuen, Nias dan Nias Selatan. • Pemeliharaan 148 kilometer jalan di Pidie, Bireuen, Nias dan Nias Selatan. • Pembangunan empat jembatan gantung di Nias
2007-2008 MASA REKONSTRUKSI THE RECONSTRUCTION
• Melanjutkan rehabilitasi dan pembangunan jalan, jalan setapak, jembatan dan irigasi tersier di desa-desa di Nias dan Aceh.
• Maintenance of 148 kilometres of roads in Pidie, Bireuen, Nias and South Nias. • Construction of 4 suspension bridges in Nias.
• Continuation of rehabilitation and construction of roads, motorbike trails, bridges and river crossings, and tertier irrigation in villages in Nias and Aceh.
• Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Penanganan Jaringan Jalan dan Jembatan (SIPJ3) dengan aplikasi Geographical Information System (GIS).
• Development of the Roads and Bridges Network Management Information System (SIPJ3) with the Geographical Information System (GIS).
• Membantu Pemerintah Kabupaten Bireuen dan Pidie dalam menyusun legislasi tentang Pemeliharaan Rutin Jalan Berbasis Masyarakat. Pada Agustus 2012, terbit Peraturan Bupati Bireuen No. 17/2012 tentang Pemeliharaan Rutin Jalan Berbasis Masyarakat dan dua produk hukum pendukungnya berupa Keputusan Bupati Nomor 366/2012 tentang Penetapan Jalan Kecamatan dan Jalan Kabupaten, serta Keputusan Bupati Nomor 367/2012 tentang Tugas Pokok Dinas Terkait dalam Pelaksanaan Pemeliharaan Jalan. • Mengembangkan kapasitas Pemerintah Daerah (Pemda) yang baru terbentuk di empat Kabupaten dan satu Kota di kepulauan Nias dalam hal Perencanaan Infrastruktur Transportasi Perdesaan dan pelaksanaannya di seluruh kepulauan Nias.
• Rehabilitation of 57.2 kilometres of roads in Pidie, Bireuen, Nias and South Nias.
• Assisting the Government of Bireuen District in drafting regulations on Community-Based Road Routine Maintenance. In August 2012, Regulation No. 17/2012 of the Head of Bireuen District regarding Community-Based Routine Maintenance of Roads was issued, along with two supporting implementation directives (No. 366/2012 on District and Sub-district Road Inclusion and No. 367/2012 on The Main Tasks of Related District Offices in the Implementation of Community-Based Road Routine Maintenance).
2009-2012 MASA PEMBANGUNAN THE DEVELOPMENT
• Technical assistance to build capacities in the local governments of four newly formed districts and a municipality in Nias. The assistance focused on the Rural Transport Infrastructure Plan, and its implementation covered all districts and municipalities on the island of Nias.
Hingga 31 Desember 2012, melalui pembangunan infrastruktur berbasis sumber daya lokal, ILO di Aceh dan Nias telah:
As of December 31, 2012, the ILO’s infrastructure development based on local resources in Aceh and Nias has:
• Merehabilitasi 267 kilometer jalan.
• Rehabilitated 267 kilometres of roads
• Melaksanakan pemeliharaan rutin 230 kilometer jalan.
• Carried out regular maintenance of 230 kilometres of roads
• Membangun 83 unit jembatan baru.
• Constructed 83 new bridges
• Merehabilitasi tujuh unit jembatan yang rusak.
• Rehabilitated 7 damaged bridges
• Merehabilitasi 3,03 kilometer kanal dan 10 pintu air.
• Rehabilitated 3.03 kilometres of canals and 10 dams
• Merehabilitasi 141 rumah tradisional dan lima situs megalith di Nias yang rusak parah.
• Rehabilitated 141 traditional houses and 5 severely damaged megalith sites (in Nias)
• Membangun satu sarana air bersih di desa tradisional Bawomataluo di Nias Selatan.
• Established a clean water facility in Bawomataluo, a traditional village in South Nias.
39
EPILOG • BAGIAN TIGA • BAGIAN DUA • BAGIAN SATU • PROLOG
Warga yang terkena gempa dan tsunami mengantre air bersih di Aceh, 2005. Earthquake and tsunami victims queing for clean water in Aceh 2005. PHOTO | Doc. TEMPO
40
EPILOGUE • PART THREE • PART TWO • PART ONE • PROLOGUE
Kehancuran akibat gempa dan tsunami di Banda Aceh, 2005. A mess of earthquake and tsunami in Banda aceh, 2005 PHOTO | Doc. TEMPO
41
Preparation and making of supporting tools for road rehabilitation. PHOTO | Doc. ILO
Jejak ILO di Bumi Aceh dan di Bumi Aceh dan Nias
The ILO's Footprint in Aceh and Nias
ILO berkiprah selama tujuh tahun di bumi Aceh dan Nias. Melalui proyek-proyek di bidang infrastruktur, ILO memperkenalkan praktik-praktik sederhana yang terbukti efektif dan efisien. ILO turut membantu memulihkan kapasitas dan kepercayaan diri masyarakat dan pemerintah setempat dalam menggerakkan kembali roda kehidupan.
THE International Labour Organization (ILO) has been working for seven years in Aceh and Nias. Through the infrastructure sector projects, the ILO introduced simple practices that have proven to be effective and efficient. The ILO helped to restore the capacity and self-confidence of communities and local governments by getting the wheels of life moving once again.
Bersamaan dengan kegiatan konstruksi, kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas juga dilakukan oleh ILO, berfokus pada penguatan kontraktor lokal dan lembaga pemerintah terutama Kantor Dinas PU Kabupaten. Dengan berbekal pendekatan Berbasis Sumber Daya Lokal (LRB), proyek-proyek ILO di Aceh dan Nias secara rata-rata berhasil menciptakan dua sampai tiga kali lebih banyak Hari Orang Kerja (HOK) yang produktif dibandingkan dengan pendekatan konvensional berbasis alat berat yang diterapkan oleh proyekproyek infrastruktur Dinas PU Kabupaten. Pada akhir programnya, proyek infrastruktur ILO ini mampu menciptakan partisipasi pekerja perempuan mencapai 28 persen (dari target 30 persen) dari total pekerja yang terserap. Sebagai perbandingan, saat-saat awal proyek, tingkat partisipasi pekerja perempuan hanyalah tujuh hingga 15 persen.
In parallel with the construction work, the ILO also carried out capacity building activities, focusing on strengthening the capacity of local contractors and government institutions, especially the Public Works Office. With its local resources-based approach, the ILOhandled projects on average generated around two to three times as many workdays of productive employment as the conventional equipment-based approaches adopted by the Public Works-sponsored infrastructure projects. By the end of the program, the participation of women workers in infrastructure projects had reached 28 per cent of the workforce (just short of the target of 30 per cent). By comparison, at the beginning, the female participation was just 7–15 per cent.
PROLOG
•
BAGIAN SATU
•
BAGIAN DUA
•
BAGIAN TIGA
•
EPILOG
Persiapan dan pembuatan alat bantu untuk rehabilitasi jalan
42
Pekerja laki-laki dan perempuan menghampar lapis dasar untuk pekerjaan jalan di Pidie, Aceh. Men and women workers are spreading base course for road works in Pidie, Aceh PHOTO | Doc. ILO
43
PROLOGUE
•
PART ONE
•
PART TWO
•
PART THREE
•
EPILOGUE
Pendekatan LRB mengoptimalkan keterlibatan tenaga kerja lokal baik laki-laki maupun perempuan. Pekerjaan rehabilitasi jalan di Bireuen, Aceh. LRB approach optimize the involvement of local labor, both men and women. The rehabilitation road works in Bireuen, Aceh.
PROLOG
•
BAGIAN SATU
•
BAGIAN DUA
•
BAGIAN TIGA
•
EPILOG
PHOTO | Doc. ILO
44
45
PROLOGUE
•
PART ONE
•
PART TWO
•
PART THREE
•
EPILOGUE
EPILOG • BAGIAN TIGA • BAGIAN DUA • BAGIAN SATU • PROLOG
46
Kesetaraan kesempatan kerja di sektor konstruksi jalan terbuka bagi perempuan. Ibu-ibu petani lokal yang sedang menghampar material di Bireuen, Aceh, saat musim tunggu panen. Equal job opportunities in the road construction sector open for the women. The women farmers are spreading base material during low season of harvest, in Bireuen, Aceh. PHOTO | Doc. ILO
