NATIONAL ENERGY SITUATION AND STUDY OF BIOMASS POTENTIAL FOR SUSTAINABLE ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION INDONESIAN CASE Aryadi Suwono Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Energy Conversion Research Group Institute Technology of Bandung
Makuhari, Oct 13, 2006
OUTLINE • INDONNESIAN ENERGY SITUATION AND POLICY • STUDY ON BIOMASS ENERGY POTENSIAL FOR ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION
INDONNESIAN ENERGY SITUATION AND POLICY
ENERGY DATA UPDATE TYPE ENERGY SOURCE
THEORETICAL RESOURCE
PROVEN RESERVE
PRODUCTION
RES/PROD RATIO
Oil
86.9 billion barrels
5.8 billion barrels
0.5 billion barrels/year
11 Years
Natural Gas
384.7 TSCF
90 TSCF
2.9 TSCF/year
30 Years
Coal
50 billion tones
5
0.1 billion tones/year
50 Years
TYPE OF ENERGY SOURCE Hydro
THEORETICAL RESOURCE 75,670 MW
845 Millions BOE
6,851 GWh
Geothermal
27,000 MW
219 Million BOE
2,593.5 GWh
Mini/Micro hydro
billion tones
EQUIVALENT
UTILIZATION
INSTALLED CAPACITY 4,200 MW 800 MW
712 MW
206 MW
Biomass
49,810 MW
302 MW
Solar
4.8 kWh/m2/day
Wind
9,287 MW
5 MW 0.5 MW
BALANSE OF FOSSIL ENERGY PETROLEUM 2004 (MBOEPD) EKSPOR PRODUKSI
514
1125
PASOKAN DALAM NEGERI 611
NATURAL GAS 2004 (BSCFPD) EKSPOR PRODUKSI
4.88
8.35
DOMESTIK 3.47
COAL 2004 (MILLION JUTA TON PER YEAR) EKSPOR PRODUKSI 131,72
92,50 DOMESTIK 32,91
IMPOR 487
OIL REFINERY AND TRANSPORTATION THAILAND
LAOS
Manila
Transit Terminal
Bangkok CAMBODIA
Philipines
Ban Mabtapud
Phnom Penh
Pipeline Distributi
South
VIETNAM
Tanker
China
Ho Chi Minh City
Oil Refinery
Sea Erawan
Khanon Songkhla
Bangkot Lawit
Jerneh Kota Kinibalu
Guntong Banda Aceh
Penang
West Natuna
LhokseumaweP. Brandan: 5 MBOPD WEST Kerteh Duyong Mogpu MALAYSIA
BRUNEI
Alpha
Bandara Seri Begawan
Kuala Lumpur
Port Klang Medan
Natuna
Bintul u
EAST MALAYSIA
Port Dickson
Pacific Manado
Dumai
SINGAPORE
Dumai : 120 MBOPD
Kuching
Ternate
Batam Bintan
Duri
S U
KALIMANTAN Samarinda
M A
Padang
T
Balikpapan
R A
Jambi
Attaka Tunu Bekapai
Sorong
Kasim : 10 MBOPD
Balikpapan : 260 MBOPD SULAWESI
S.Pakning : 50 MBOPD Grissik
HALMAHERA
Bontang
Musi 135.20 MBOPD
Banjarmasin
Palembang
BURU
IRIA
SERAM
Ujung Pandang
Jakarta Bandung
Balongan : 125 MBOPD Semarang Cepu : 3.80 MBOPD MADURA Bangkalan JAVA
TOTAL REFINERY CAPACIT I Pagerungan N D O N E S I A 1,057,000 BOPD
Surabaya
Cilacap: 348 MBOPD
Yogyakarta
Indian Ocean
SUMBAWA
FLORES
BALI LOMBOK TIMOR
SUMBA AUSTRALIA
NATURAL GAS RESERVE AND PIPING THAILAND
LAOS
Manila
Bangkok CAMBODIA
Philipines
Ban Mabtapud
Phnom Penh
VIETNAM
Ho Chi Minh City
South
Existing Pipelin
China
Planned Pipeli
Sea Erawan
Khanon Songkhla
Bangkot Lawit
3,896
Jerneh Kota Kinibalu
Guntong Banda Aceh
Penang
Lhokseumawe
Kuala Lumpur
Port Klang
Singapore Gas Trunkline
728 Medan
West Natuna
WEST Kerteh Duyong Mogpu MALAYSIA
Port Dickson Dumai
Natuna
3,220Batam
BRUNEI
Bandara Seri Begawan
52,081
SINGAPORE
Duri
Alpha
Bintul u
TRAN
Pacific Manado
Kuching
Ternate
Bintan Bontang LNG Plant & Export Terminal
S U
KALIMANTAN Samarinda
M A
Padang
31,814
EAST MALAYSIA
T
Balikpapan
Attaka Tunu Bekapai
R A
SULAWESI
14,260
14,782 Sorong
Jambi
Grissik
HALMAHERA
3,654
Banjarmasin
Palembang
BURU
5,190 Jakarta
Ardjuna Fields CirebonSemarang
0,11
JAVA
Ujung Pandang
4,289 MADURA Bangkalan Surabaya
Indian Ocean
I Pagerungan N D O N E S I A
BALI
SUMBAWA
TOTAL RESERVES 2P : 134,015.5 BSCF
FLORES
LOMBOK TIMOR
SUMBA
IRIA
SERAM
Resources 3,00 AUSTRALIA
GAS RESERVE 2P (BSCF)
TRANS ASEAN GAS PIPELINE (TAGP) MYANMAR
LAOS
LEGENDS
CHINA
Existing Pipeline Future Pipline Possible Interrconnections
THAILAND Philippine Sea CAMBODIA VIETNAM Gulf of Thailand
Andaman Sea
PHILIPPINES
South China Sea
5
Straits of Malacca 6
2
3
PACIFIC OCEAN
4 Celebes Sea
1
MALAYSIA
INDONESIA
INDONESIA
Java Sea Banda Sea
INDIAN OCEAN
Trans-ASEAN Interconnections 1. Dumai to Malacca 2. West Natuna to Duyong 3. East Natuna to Bangkok via Duyong and Bongkot 4. East Natuna to Luzon via Brunei 5. Block B to Bangkok via Bongkot 6. Pauh to Arun
COAL RESERVE AND TERMINAL MAXIMUM HANDLING CAPACITY (DWT)
Tanjung Redep* 5.000 Tanjung Bara 200.000 B l o r o* 8.000 Loa Tebu* 8.000
COAL RESERVE (%) THERETICAL = 58 BILLION TON PROVEN = 6.9 billion ton MEASURED = 12.4 billion ton TOTAL = 19.3 billion ton R/P = 147 years
Balikpapan 60.000 Tanah Merah 20.000
5.0
M SU
9.3
R AT
12.2
KALIMANTAN
A
10.6
55.1
IRIAN J
SULAWESI JAVA
Tarahan 40.000 Pulau Baai 35.000 Kertapati 10.000 Teluk Bayur 35.000
Catatan : * River Terminal
North Pulau Laut 150.000 IBT – 70.000 Sembilang* 7.500 Air Tawar* 7.500 Banjarmasin* 10.000 South Pulau Laut S a t u i* 5.000 Kelanis* 10.000
200.000
ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION AND TRANSMISION GRID THAILAND
LAOS
Manila
Bangkok CAMBODIA
Philipines
Ban Mabtapud
Phnom Penh
VIETNAM
Ho Chi Minh City
Existing Transm
South
Planned Transm
China
Power Plant
Sea Erawan
Khanon Songkhla
Bangkot Lawit
Jerneh Kota Kinibalu
Guntong Banda Aceh
Penang
Lhokseumawe
West Natuna
WEST Kerteh Duyong Mogpu MALAYSIA
BRUNEI
Alpha
Bandara Seri Begawan
Kuala Lumpur
Port Klang Medan
Natuna
Bintul u
EAST MALAYSIA
Port Dickson
Pacific Manado
Dumai
SINGAPORE Batam Bintan
Duri
Kuching
HALMAHERA
Bontang
S
Total Sumatera : 3,200 MW U
KALIMANTAN Samarinda
M A
Padang
Ternate
Total Kalimantan : 800 MW
T
Balikpapan
R A
Jambi
Sorong
Attaka Tunu Bekapai
Total Sulawesi : 650 MW SULAWESI
Grissik
Banjarmasin
Palembang
IRIA BURU Ujung Pandang
Jakarta
MADURA
Semarang
JAVA
Bangkalan Surabaya
Total Jawa Bali : 18,500 MW
Indian Ocean
I Pagerungan N D O N E S I A
BALI
SUMBAWA
SERAM
TOTALCAPACITY 24,000 MW
FLORES
LOMBOK TIMOR
SUMBA AUSTRALIA
ROADMAP OF NUCLEAR ENERGY DEVELOPEMENT 2000-2025
Establishment “Owner” Sosializatio of NPP
2000
Energy Planning with Inclusion of Nuclear Energy
Konstruksi PLTN-2
Tender NPP 3&4
Tender NPP 1&2
2005
Decission Go for NPP
Konstruksi PLTN-4 Operate NPP-4
Operate NPP-2
2010
Erection NPP-1
2015
2020
2025
Operate NPP-3
Operate NPP-1 Erection NPP-3
TARGET OF NATIONAL ENERGY MIX IN 2025 ENERGI (PRIMER) MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2003
Gas bumi 26.5% Batubara 14.1% PLTA 3.4% Panas bumi 1.4% EBT Lainnya 0.2%
ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2025 (SKENARIO BaU)
ENERGI MIX NASIONAL TAHUN 2025 (SKENARIO OPTIMALISASI) Minyak bumi 54.4%
Batubara 34.6%
PLTMH 0.216% PLTA 1.9%
Biofuel 1.335%
Batubara 32.7%
Tenaga surya 0.020%
Panas bumi 1.1%
Gas bumi 20.6%
PLTMH 0.1%
OPTIMALISASI PENGELOLAAN ENERGI
PLTA 2.4% Panas bumi 3.8% Other 4.4%
Tenaga angin 0.028% Fuel cell 0.000% Biomassa 0.766%
Gas bumi 30.6% Nuklir 1.993% Minyak bumi 26.2% Minyak bumi 41.7%
STUDY ON BIOMASS ENERGY POTENSIAL FOR ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION
BACKGROUND • Increasing demand of electricity, presently electrification ratio 0.53 • Need for decreasing the consumption of fossil fuel • High potentially available renewable energy sources: • Approx. 160.000 MW (excluding solar energy) • Only 5200 MW has been utilized • Approx. 45.000 MW biomass energy potential • Willingness of Indonesian Government and PLN to utilize the renewable energy sources
POTENTIAL OF NEW & RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES IN INDONESIA NO
ENERGY SOURCES
POTENTIAL
1
Hydro (Incl. small scale)
75.450 MW
2
Geothermal
20.000 MW
3
Alternative Energy
INSTALLED CAPACITY
± 5,6 % ± 802 MW 4,1 %
4.264 MW
Equivalent 50.000 MW
302 MW
Solar
4,8 kWh/m2/day
Equivalent ± 5 MW
Wind
Equivalent 450 MW
Equivalent ± 0,5 MW
Biomass
Sea wave
10 – 35 MW per Km coast length
%
PLN FUTURE PLAN Tonny Agus, Deputy Director for Primary Energy, Workshop on Biomass for Sustainable Electric Power Generation, March 1, 2005
1. To empower current PLN renewable energy generator 2. To build renewable energy power plant based on current studis 3. To construct commercially potential renewable energy map 4. To study the renewable energy feasibility, technically and economically, to replace fossil fuel energy 5. To look for economically funding source
RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT POLICY Tonny Agus, Deputy Director for Primary Energy, Workshop on Biomass for Sustainable Electric Power Generation, March 1, 2005
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No.1122 K/30/MEM/2002 about Small Scale Power Plant (up to 1000 kW) has already been published --Æ updated to 15 MW Developer has to fulfill technical and operational requirement of local PLN If future development location has already been studied by PLN, further discussion with fair partnership spirit has to be held PLN is supporting the developer which will develop the small scale power plant potential as long as fulfilling the technical and operational requirement of PLN It is preferable for PLN that the capacity can be flexibly increased, for example from 1000 kW to 10.000 kW The consequence is that the Ministry Regulation may be revised.
Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 1122.K/30/MEM/2002 About Small Scale Power Plant (scattered PSK) Operator : Small scale business (as shown in UU No.9, 1995 ) Energy Sources : Renewable Energy (wind, sun, mini/micro hydro, waste, geothermal, etc.) Capacity : max. 1 MW/power plant ------Æ currently is updated to 15 MW Location : reachable by PLN network on medium/low voltage (on-grid)
Electric power selling price as shown in paragraph 13 Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Decree No. 1122.K/30/MEM/2002, are : a. 0.8 times HPP medium voltage if interconnected to Medium Voltage Network b. 0.6 times HPP low voltage if interconnected to Low Voltage Network
STUDY ON BIOMASS AS ALTERNATIVE ENERGY FOR ELECTRIC POWER PLANT Survey on Biomass Energy Potential
Workshop: Inputs from related institutions
Output: Biomass Energy map
Evaluation on financial assistant scheme
Evaluation on Biomass Utilization Technology
Data and information Collection
Comparative Study
Analysis
Design requirement of Biomass Power Generation plant (PLTBM) Business Plan of PLTBM Policy and Regulation Required Data base for FS
Coconut waste
Rice waste
Oil palm
Sugar cane waste
Wood waste
Total biomass potential
Potential of electricity from biomass
Highest of biomass for electricity
Highest of biomass for electricity
Comparison of Exisiting Electric Power Generation and Biomass Electric Energy Potential Potensi Pembangkitan Listrik Biomassa
Pembangkitan Listrik PLN 2002
70000
60000
50000
GWh
40000
30000
20000
10000
0 Maluku
Papua
Bali NTB NTT
Sulaw esi
Kalimantan
Sumatera
Jaw a
Comparison of Existing Install Capacity and Biomass Electric Energy Potential Potensi Kapasitas Listrik Biomassa Kapasitas Terpasang PLTA 2002 Kapasitas Terpasang PLTGU 2002
Kapasitas Terpasang PLTD 2002 Kapasitas Terpasang PLTG 2002
Kapasitas Terpasang PLTU 2002 Kapasitas Terpasang PLTP 2002
6000
5000
MW
4000
3000
2000
1000
0 Maluku
Papua
Bali NTB NTT
Sulaw esi
Kalimantan
Sumatera
Jaw a
THANK YOU
