Tanaman untuk Energi pada Lahan Terdegradasi Sebagai Langkah Awal Menuju Pertanian untuk Penyimpanan Karbon ke Tanah, Kemandirian Energi dan Perlindungan terhadap Lahan yang Ditetapkan sebagai Wilayah REDD+
(“Crop to Energy on Degraded Land as A Step toward Carbon Sink Agriculture, Energy Independence and ProtecGon of REDD+ Designated Areas”)
Proposal Program ICCC-LEDS
Jakarta 2 April 2013
PANDANGAN (ARAH PEMIKIRAN) DEFINISI KAWASAN HUTAN TERDEGRADASI DirecGon of DefiniGon
Ecosystem
Tangible Indicators
NaGonal Concerns
• Forest-‐Cover/Bio-‐Density • Bio-‐Diversity • Water Holding Capacity • Carbon Storage • Flood , Fire and Land Slide • Subsidence
• Avoiding Short & Long Term Economic Threats due to Disasters • Tax Revenue • REDD+
Land DegradaGon • Timber • PlantaGon • Fishery • Food farm/culGvaGon
Economic Value
• Mining area • SeVlement area • Industrial area • Infrastructure development
Economic Growth: • Maximizing Investment Growth by reducing: − Opportunity Loss − Insurance Premium − OperaKng Costs • Maintaining Natural ProducKon Capacity • SeVlement in Conflict of Claims (supaya Gdak seperG lahan tak bertuan) • Tax Revenue • Job OpportuniKes
Tujuan Utama: Kebijakan Pemanfaatan dan Pemulihan Lahan Terdegradasi 2
LAHAN TERDEGRADASI PADA KAWASAN HUTAN DAN UPAYA BERKELANJUTAN
Primary Forest Area = 45.52 mio ha
Forest Area = 133.51 mio ha
Wetland/ Peatland Mineral Soils
Restore for ConservaKon Wetland/ Peatland Economic Use
Degraded Forest Area Indonesia Land 187.84*) mio ha
Persoalan Strategis: 1. Melindungi Hutan Primer dan Sekunder (definisi?). 2. Memulihkan dan memanfaatkan Hutan yang Rusak. 3. Program pemanfaatan Lahan yang Rusak sekaligus menyelesaikan potensi konflik.
• Secondary Forest = 42.46 mio ha • Non-‐Forest (poor land cover) = 45.54 mio ha • Approximately just 20% with definiGve boundary
Mineral Soils
Sustainable Oil Palm / Other PlantaKon
Best use of Degraded Forest in remote Indonesia? Paludiculture Using 1.5 mio ha for For Bio-‐Energy cassava to produce: Restore for • 7.25 – 8.1 bio liters bio-‐ ConservaKon ethanol/year (import Bio-‐ Sustainable Electricity subsKtut. US$ 6.5-‐7 bio) Energy Crop • 385 MW Capacity, 3.04 • Cassava TWh electric generaKon Bio-‐Fuel • King G rass • Job CreaKon (7.5 – 12.5 Economic (Ethanol) mio workers) Use Sustainable • Investment > US$ 10 bio. Food Estate/ • REDD+ PlantaKon
= 54.33 mio ha Other Land Use Area *) Excluding 4.9 mio ha water area. Source of forest size: Ministry of Forestry, Forestry StaKsKcs, July 2012,.
Industrial/ ResidenKal Area
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TANTANGAN DAN KESEMPATAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN YANG TERDEGRADASI • Anggota masyarakat hidup terpencar di lahan-lahan berpenduduk jarang yang terdegradasi dengan kebutuhan mendasar untuk nafkah, tenaga listrik dan pendidikan.
• People live sparsely on degraded land areas with basic needs for livelihood, electricity and education.
• Pertanian dan penanaman pohon hanya memiliki sedikit potensi menciptakan nilai tambah akibat kesulitan menjangkau pasar dan juga masyarakat terdorong merambah hutan untuk mendapatkan tambahan penghasilan.
• Cultivation products have little value creation potentials due difficulties to reach the market.
• Lahan luas banyak yang dibiarkan tak menghasilkan dan terus mengalami degradasi sementara ada kebutuhan memperluas lahan yang nyata untuk daerah pertumbuhan ekonomi.
• Large areas are left unproductive and continue degrading while there is a clear need to expand for economic development/growth areas.
• Pembuat kebijakan Indonesia dapat mengambil kesempatan ini dalam memanfaatkan lahan-lahan terdegradasi untuk mengembangkan tanaman-tanaman sebagai sumber energi biomassa yang sekaligus menciptakan solusi untuk: 1. Perlindungan hutan yang tersisa dan menjadikannya sebagai wilayah REDD+ 2. Penyimpanan Karbon ke tanah (REDD+) 3. Mengubah praktek pertanian yang membakar sisa tanaman 4. Produksi bio-ethanol untuk menggantikan sebagian bahan bakar bensin 5. Membangkitkan listrik yang ramah lingkungan untuk wilayah-wilayah jarang penduduk yang terpencar, untuk mendukung ekonomi berbasis nilai tambah dan pendidikan 6. Penciptaan setempat lapangan kerja baru.
• People on degraded lands get tempted to encroach forest areas for additional income.
• Indonesia policy makers can take this opportunity to use degraded land areas for developing crops of biomass energy that allow simultaneous solutions for: 1. protection of remaining forests and designate them as REDD+ areas 2. carbon sequestration 3. changing slash and burn farm practices 4. bio-ethanol production to replace gasoline 5. generating green electricity for sparsely populated areas to support value-add economy and education
6. creation of new local jobs.
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PEMIKIRAN PENGEMBANGAN INDUSTRI PADA HUTAN YANG TERDEGRADASI PharmaceuKcal Products Bio-‐Ethanol for Petrol Replacement
Staple Food Products Other Ethanol Based Products
Waste for Biogas Power Cassava Starch 1st Stage “Crop to Energy” Biomass, without irrigaKon
Biodegradeable (Eco) PlasKcs
Industry Trend: Increasing Food & Medicine Demand pressing for higher prices.
Other Starch Based Products
Waste for Animal Feed Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Power (electricity)
King Grass Animal Feed
Waste for FerKlizer
Heat For Dryer PotenKal early adopKon of cellulosic ethanol from Grass and Trees.
Within the first 10 years
Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Power Cellulosic Ethanol/Fuel for Petrol, Diesel and Jet Fuel Replacement
Industry Trend: Increasing TransportaKon and Energy Demand pressing for higher prices and avoiding conflicts with food products.
Aier 10 years
• Import RON 88 pada tahun 2011 sejumlah 15.25 milyar liter (15,250 kilo liter). • Pemakaian RON 88 akan tumbuh dari 27.6 ke 32.3 milyar liter dengan asumsi: a. Pertumbuhan rata-‐rata konsumsi dari 2012 sampai 2020 adalah 2%, di mana terjadi pertumbuhan mobil baru yang hemat bahan bakar sebesar 8-‐10%. b. Pada 2020, diperkirakan pemakaian pengganK ethanol adalah 8.1 milyar liter. 5
ELEMEN “KEBIJAKAN” PEMANFAATAN KAWASAN HUTAN YANG TERDEGRADASI NaGonal Strategy for Degraded Land on Forest Areas NaKonal Plan for Bio-‐ethanol Standards of Process Technology for Economic Viability
Land Requirement
DelineaKon, AdministraKon & Licensing
Degraded Forest Land For Crop to Energy
Fiscal IncenKves: Remove Petrol Subsidy
Bio-‐Ethanol Standards & Pricing Mechanism
Feed Stock Standards & Pricing Mechanism
NaKonal R & D For Energy Crops and Cellulosic Ethanol
Legal, Social, Environment and Technical ConsideraKons Penyelesaian Konflik dan Kompensasi
Near-‐by & Core Farms for Feed Stock
Crop to Energy
Bio-‐ethanol Industry & Gasohol Blending Standards
Carbon SequestraGon
Engine Manufacturing & Internal CombusKon Engine Standards
Waste to Energy Plant TransporaGon Fuel
Electricity
REDD+
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ELEMEN “OPERASI” PEMANFAATAN KAWASAN HUTAN YANG TERDEGRADASI Primary & Seconday Forest Area Plants Water Mechanized PlanGng PesKcides Bio (microbes) FerKlizers • Nitrogen Fixing • Phosphor (P) & Potassium (K) Solubilizers
Inorganic FerKlizers
AddiKonal Soil FerKlity
REDD+
“Crop to Energy” Farm Land On Degraded Forest Areas Soil “In Situ + CondiGoned” Physical, Chemical and Biological Status
Sludge FerKlizers with Organic C & Soil Minerals
Medical Food & Feed Starch TransportaGo Product Products Products n Fuel s
Seeds /Shoots
Transported Crops
ProducKon
Mechanized HarvesGng Crop Lel Over
Crop Losses
Microbial DecomposiKon
Wastes Anaerobic Digester Electric Power
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TINGKAT ELEKTRIFIKASI RUMAH DI INDONESIA
“A clear need of Power Generation capacity growth into remote and sparsely populated areas” 8
Terima Kasih
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