Instructieopdrachten EMCO-F1 CNC Instructie G00 G01 G02 G03
M00 M03 M05 M06
Description Rapid Traverse Linear Interpolation Circular Interpolation Clockwise Circular Interpolation Counter Clockwise Dwell Empty Line Jump to Subroutine Jump Instruction Cutter Radius Compensation Cancel Add Milling Cutter Radius Deduct Milling Cutter Radius Add Cutter Radius Twice Deduct Cutter Radius Twice Pocket Milling Cycle Chip Breakage Cycle Boring Cycle Boring Cycle with Dwell Boring Cycle with Chip Removal Reaming Cycle Reaming Cycle with Dwell Absolute Value Programming Incremental Value Programming Programmed Offset of Reference Point Program Hold Milling Spindle On Clockwise Milling Spindle Off Tool Change
M17 M30 M98 M99
Jump Back into Main Program Program End Automatic Play Compensation Circle Parameters
G04 G21 G25 G27 G40 G45 G46 G47 G48 G72 G73 G81 G82 G83 G85 G89 G90 G91 G92
Omschrijving IJlgang Lineaire interpolatie Circulaire interpolatie rechtsom Circulaire interpolatie linksom
Adressen XYZ XYZF XYZF XYZF
Wachttijd Lege regel Oproepen onderprogramma Springopdracht Compensatie opheffen
X
Freesradius optellen Freesradius aftrekken Freesradius 2 * bijtellen Freesradius 2 * aftrekken Kamerfreescyclus Spaanbreekcyclus Boorcyclus Boorcyclus met wachttijd Uithaalcyclus Ruimcyclus Ruimcyclus met wachttijd Absoluutmaatprogrammering Incrementeelmaatprogrammering Absoluutmaatprogrammering met nulpunt benoemen Geprogrammeerde stop Spilrichting rechtsom Spilstop Gereedschapwissel met gereedschaplengteverrekening Terugspringopdracht Programma einde Automatische spelingscompensatie Cirkelparameters
L L
XYZF ZF ZF ZF ZF ZF ZF
XYZ
D S Hz T
XYZ IJK
Bediening EMCO-F1 CNC De EMCO-F1 CNC freesmachine wordt aan- en uitgezet door het draaien van de sleutel. De rode knop (noodstop) is belangrijk tijdens het frezen. Als het echt mis dreigt te gaan kun je met deze knop direct alles stopzetten. Met de schakelaar linksonder wordt de het draaien van de frees ingesteld (CNC-, aan en uitstand). Deze moet in principe op CNC staan, zodat de freesmachine reageert op de schakelcodes M03 en M05 waarmee de frees wordt aan- en uitgezet. Met de draaiknop wordt het toerental ingesteld. Het toerental kan niet numeriek worden ingesteld, zodat hier altijd handbediening vereist is. Een toerental van 2000 omw/min is voor het practicum het meest geschikt. Met de “+” en “-”-toetsen rondom het assenstelsel kan de spil worden bewogen als de freesmachine op handbediening staat. Wanneer tegelijkertijd op de “~”-toets wordt gedrukt vindt de beweging met ijlgang plaats. Zonder deze toets wordt de bewegingssnelheid geregeld met de draaiknop ernaast. INP DEL REV FWD
Geheugentoets (Input) Verwijdertoets (Delete) Per regel terug (Reverse) Per regel vooruit (Forward)
H/C M
Omschakeltoets Hand/CNC-gebruik 1. M-Mode: Cursor staat op G: Wanneer nu op de “M”-toets wordt gedrukt, wordt M geschreven, nu kan een M-code worden gekozen in plaats van een G-code 2. Testloop: De cursor moet vooraan in regel N00 staan Door telkens op de “M”-toets te drukken, wordt het programma regel voor regel gecheckt. Starten van het programma
START -
1. Ingave minus-waarden 2. Hoofdspil uit, wanneer het programma zich in een tussenstop bevindt (M00 of (INP + FWD)
INP + FWD INP + REV
Tussenstop 1. Afbreken van het programma 2. Verwijderen van een Alarm Programma verwijderen Tussenvoegen van regels Verwijderen van regels Regel voor regel gebruik
DEL + INP ~ + INP ~ + DEL 1 2 3 START
WelEdit is een programma waarmee het zelfgeschreven CNC programma via een PC naar de besturingscomputer van de EMCO-F1 gestuurd wordt.
GENERAL FEATURES: The functions are available from the buttons on the screen and also in the drop-down menus. Place the mouse pointer on the buttons to see the 'tool tips'. To enter a new line of CNC code, first select a G-code or M-code from the scrollable tables on the right. Use Tab or Enter to move to the next and subsequent fields. Enter in those fields the parameter values required by the G or M code. When entry in the last field, Comments, is complete, pressing Enter creates a new line for code. After the End of Program code, M30, has been typed, pressing Enter after the Comments field terminates line insertion. Insert mode can also be terminated by deleting the automatically produced new line, marked with a + sign, before choosing a G or M code for that line. Use the 'Open' button to access an existing file. Click on any line shown in the main grid to make that line available for editing. A selected line is highlighted in blue. Delete a line by first selecting the line in the main grid and then clicking 'Delete'. To insert a line, select an existing line and click 'Insert'. Lines are inserted below the selected line. WELedit knows which parameters are required for each G or M code. It also knows the acceptable range for the parameter values and will not accept out-of-range values. The range changes with a change from Metric to Imperial units.
WELedit will not let you start a new line until you have completed all the parameter entries required by the current one. When entering a new line of code, WELedit presents the parameter values of the most recent preceding line with the same G or M code. Very often at least one of these parameters does not need to be changed, so, just skip over it or them with Tab or Enter. When a line has had a comment added, the beginning of the comment can be seen in the main grid. Place the mouse pointer on it to display the complete comment. All comments, including the general text that can be added at the bottom of the screen, are saved when the file is saved to disk. They are printed when the Print function in the File menu is selected. Click 'Send' to transfer a program to the mill and follow the on-screen instructions:
Alternatively, click 'Receive' to upload a program from the lathe or mill to the PC. Again, follow the on-screen instructions. WELedit manages the line numbering, automatically renumbering whenever lines are inserted or deleted. It prevents you from creating more than the maximum numbers of lines of code the mill can handle: 210 lines (0 to 209). You will find the Undo and Redo features useful.
WELsoft Website Notes Note 3 Target audience: WELedit and AlphaCAM users and users entering NC code directly on the machines’ control panel. Subject: How to verify CNC Code sent to the Emco Compact 5 CNC Lathe (Mk4) or F1 Mill from WELedit or AlphaCAM or entered manually on the machines’ control panel •
After NC code has been sent to the Emco machine it must be verified. That is, the machine must check that it can handle the numbers sent to it. This is not because the numbers are incorrect. Rather, because the smallest movement of the machines is 1/72mm and calculations have been done to 1/100mm, the machines may not be able to make every move asked of them by the NC code.
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Problem numbers usually occur when curves have to be machined. These numbers are usually in M99 lines and are the J and K values (mill) or the I and K values (lathe). It is easy, but a pain, to work round.
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To verify the NC code press and hold down the M (minus) key. The machine works through the code line by line checking all the figures. If you are lucky you will get to the end with no problems. If you are not lucky, an error message will appear because one of the figures on a line is unacceptable.
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If you get an error message, clear it and identify the problem figure by pressing and HOLDING the REV key while you press and RELEASE the INP key. A number will be highlighted, probably a J value (mill) or I value (lathe). Note the number and then delete it with the DEL key. Enter a new number which is the old number plus one (eg old number 60, new number 61) and press the INP key and then the FWD key.
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Continue the verification procedure by pressing and holding the M key. It starts again from the beginning. If there is still a problem with the new number you entered, delete it as before and enter the old number minus one (eg old number 60, new number 59). Check the code again.
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If there is still have a problem, try changing the original J value (mill) or I value (lathe) up or down by 2.
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In the rare event of this failing, restore the original J (mill) or I (lathe) values and try changing the K value up or down by one or two. Sometimes you have to fiddle about for a long time and it’s a pain if the problem is right at the end of a long code list. Eventually you will crack it. There is no short cut as far as I know!
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If you make changes in the code on the Emco machine, make the same changes in the code shown on the WELedit or AlphaEDIT screens and SAVE it so that, next time you will have code that is OK for the part you want to make. Alternatively, remember that WELedit and AlphaEDIT let you receive and save code sent to a PC by a
machine. Similarly, update your pencil and paper code list if you have entered code directly on the machines’ control panel.
Note 11 Target audience: Users of the Emco F1 mill and WELedit Subject: Can I machine an ellipse on this mill? (query from Paul Fletcher via e-mail) Yes - but you need to think of an ellipse as a series of blended arcs ranging from large to small radius. There is a snag. As far as we know, the largest radius the F1 mill can handle is 99mm. Bigger than that you get an error message. You could experiment and try cutting an arc with a radius greater than 99mm just in case there is variation between older and newer F1 mills (and F1 woodworkers). Perhaps someone out there knows? You need to design ellipses carefully and keep them small. Its very easy to get arcs at the ends of the minor axis greater than 99mm radius. Maybe a geometrical drawing textbook will have helpful guidance. Example: When AlphaCAM draws an ellipse with a major axis of 85mm and a minor axis of 43mm, the radius at the ends of the minor axis is 85mm while the radius at the ends of the major axis is 11mm. (AlphaCAM was set to 4 arcs per quadrant.) The cutter is 5mm flat ended and the centre of the cutter will follow the ellipse and cut a groove 2mm deep. Below is the NC code produced by AlphaCAM. You will notice that, because the ellipse has four quadrants and four arcs per quadrant, there are sixteen G03 commands followed by M99 commands. Each pair of commands defines a partial arc and the arcs blend together to form an approximate ellipse. '(ELLIPSE EXAMPLE) % N- G- X - Y - Z - F '(OP 1 FINISH PASS TOOL 2 FLAT - 5MM) '(EFFECTIVE DIAMETER 5) 000 92- 250- 250 3000 001M06D 250S2000 00T002 002M03 003 00 9373 2831 3000 004 00 9373 2831 200 005 01 9373 2831- 200 100 006 03 9113 3553- 200 150 007M99I 1132J 0K 0 008 03 8125 4338- 200 150 009M99I 2357J1953K 0 010 03 6835 4785- 200 150 011M99I 2361J4721K 0
012 03 5111 4962- 200 150 013M99I 1724J8323K 0 014 03 3387 4785- 200 150 015M99I 0J8500K 0 016 03 2097 4338- 200 150 017M99I 1070J5169K 0 018 03 1109 3553- 200 150 019M99I 1369J2738K 0 020 03 849 2831- 200 150 021M99I 871J 722K 0 022 03 1109 2109- 200 150 023M99I 1132J 0K 0 024 03 2097 1324- 200 150 025M99I 2357J1953K 0 026 03 3387 876- 200 150 027M99I 2361J4721K 0 028 03 5111 700- 200 150 029M99I 1724J8323K 0 030 03 6835 876- 200 150 031M99I 0J8500K 0 032 03 8125 1324- 200 150 033M99I 1070J5169K 0 034 03 9113 2109- 200 150 035M99I 1369J2738K 0 036 03 9373 2831- 200 150 037M99I 871J 722K 0 038 00 9373 2831 600 039M05 040 00 9373 2831 3000 041 00- 250- 250 3000 042 64 043M30 MI It takes 43 lines of code for one pass round the groove. If you need to go deeper you need to take several cuts: therefore more lines of code. If you want to machine an elliptical pocket, eg the inside of a box, there are even more lines of code. And even more to cut the outside of the box. Here you run into a limitation of the F1 mill/woodworker. It is mechanically a very good machine but its control system can only take 210 lines of code at a time. You need to break a long code list into sections and ensure the cutter starts the next section in the right place. Please refer to Technical Notes 3 for guidance on verifying NC code once it has been loaded into the mill's native controller.
