GEO-HR: OPPORTUNITIES FOR MARITIME SECURITY OPERATIONS 2nd GEO-HR User Consultation Workshop – 25 April 2013
Arthur Smith – TNO Defence Research
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Who is TNO Defence Research? TNO Defence Research: Part of Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research Public non-profit research organisation to operate NL defence laboratories 1000 employees Yearly turnover of 120 M€ (60% defence and 40% other) 70 defence research programmes (66% international collaboration) Intimate relations with Army, Navy, Airforce, Coastguard, and Police
Observation Systems 1
Information and Operations
Protection, Munitions and Weapons
Biological and Chemical Protection
Human Factors
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What do we lack in Maritime Security Operations?
Bemanning onderzeeboot krijgt herinneringsmedaille 30 mei 2012, 10.52 uur
Zonder specifieke informatie zoek je een speld in een hooiberg. Die heeft u gevonden: u zag verdachte bewegingen aan boord, dat de dhow zich op een nieuwe kaping aan het voorbereiden was. U kwam meteen in actie, bleef het scheepje volgen onder water, zonder dat de piraten ook maar een idee hadden.
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Persbericht Kustwacht Drugstransport onderschept op de Noordzee Datum : 15 mei 2010
Vlieland - De Kustwacht heeft zaterdag voorkomen dat drieduizend kilo hasj, met een straatwaarde van vijftien miljoen euro, het land is binnengesmokkeld. Tussen Vlieland en Terschelling onderschepte de marechaussee een jacht met drugs aan boord. In Makkum is een schip in beslag genomen dat ook met de zaak te maken heeft. Figuur 3: Radardekking kleine doelen
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Why is persistent tracking important? Navies /Coastguards have to operate effectively against affordable cost Operate effectively: be there where you are needed Maritime areas are wide with respect to limited sensor coverage But you do not have to be everywhere at the same time Persistent tracking can predict risk areas where you are needed (planning) Affordable cost: do not do the same thing twice Important cost-driver is the prior intelligence process Surveillance assets have to move on and loose sight of suspect vessels Persistent tracking recognizes or kinematically keeps track of vessels that were already declared suspect (avoid duplication of effort)
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Examples of Coastguard / Navy planning tools
4-6 hours ahead
24 hours ahead
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Persistent tracking requirements Recognition: spatial resolution S
> 50
Kinematic: temporal resolution T
∗
> 10
Size =20 m 2 m/s *T
Piracy Aden, Oman
Distance =20 km S<1m
T < 15 min
Size =20 m 5 m/s *T
Smuggle North Sea
Distance = 5 km S<1m
T < 2 min
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GEO-HR solves part of the problem Routine monitoring departure points
Relocate target vessels
Suspect activities monitoring
Vessel tracking
Video mode tracking
Larger vessels:
> 50
Isolated vessels:
∗
> 100
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Additional possibilities of GEO-HR GEO-HR will deliver a valuable contribution to persistent tracking of larger and isolated vessels But what about possibilities for smaller vessels or busy areas? Persistent tracking by recognition against piracy and smuggle requires S<1 m (challenging for 3 m of GEO-HR ) Persistent tracking by kinematics against piracy and smuggle requires T<15 min and T< 2 min respectively (possible with GEO-HR) Perhaps GEO-HR is underestimating its possibilities for wide area surveillance GEO-HR FOV 2000 x 2000 km 6 hrs acquisition Piracy in Oman/Aden type of region T<15 min
GEO-HR Vignette 100 x 100 km 1 min acquisition Smuggle in North Sea type of region T<2 min
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Conclusions Navies /Coastguards have to operate effectively against affordable cost Persistent tracking enables planning of assets and so increases operational effectiveness Persistent tracking keeps track of suspect vessels to avoid repeating the prior intelligence process and so reduces cost GEO-HR immediately solves part of the persistent tracking problem for larger and relatively isolated vessels GEO-HR could also look at persistent tracking by kinematics for smaller vessels, busier areas, and wider areas Which may open up a wealth of vessel services…
