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DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Faisal Y.30 Gangguan Kesehatan pada Anak Usia Sekolah.Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.2005:53-54. 2. Mason Robert J, Murray John F, Broaddus VC, Nadel Jay A, Martin Thomas R, Talmadge E. et.al. Murray and Nadel's textbook of respiratory medicine, 5th ed. "CHAPTER 38 - Asthma." Elsevier.2010:1171. 3. Baratawidjaja KG, Soebaryo RW, Kartasasmita CB, Suprihati, Sundaru H, Siregar SP, et al. Allergy and asthma, The scenario in Indonesia. In: Shaikh WA.editor. Principles and practice of tropical allergy and asthma. Mumbai: Vicas Medical Publishers.2006:707-36. 4. Deshpande JN, Dahat HB, Shirole CD, Pandc AH. Pulmonary function and their correlation with anthropometric parameters in rural children. Indian J Pediatr. 1983;50:375-8. 5. Connett GJ, Quak SH, Wong ML, Teo J, Lee BW. Lung function reference values in Singaporean children aged 6-18 years. Thorax. 1994;49:901-5. 6. Yabanci N, Kiliç S, Simşek I. The relationship between height and arm span, mid upper arm and waist circumferences in children.Annals of Human Biology. 2010;37(1):70-5. 7. Tan MP, Wynn NN, Umerov M, Henderson A, Gillham A, Junejo S et al. Arm Span to Height Ratio Is Related to Severity of Dyspnea, Reduced Spirometry Volumes, and Right Heart Strain. Chest. 2009;135 (2):448–454. 8. Zverev Y, Chisi J. Estimating Height from Arm Span Measurement in Malawian Children. Coll Antropol. 29(2005) 2:469-73. 9. Cincinnati Childrens.Pectus Carinatum[Online].2013 November [ Cited 2015
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http://www.cincinnatichildrens.org/health/p/pectus-carinatum/ 10. Raju PS, Prasad KV, Ramana YV, et al. Study on lung function and Prediction
equations
2003;40(8):705‐11.
tests
in Indian male children. Indian Pediatr.
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11. Pellegrino R, Viegi G, Brusasco V, Crapo RO, Burgos F, Casaburi R et al.Interpretative strategies for lung tests. Eur Respir J. 2005.26:948–68. 12. Hibbert EM, Lanigan A, Raven J, Phelan PD. Relation of armspan to height and the prediction of lung function.Thorax.1988;43:657-59. 13. Thakare AE, VD Tajne, Sandeep M Hulke.PFT Prediction Equations in Rural
and
Urban
School
Children:
Need
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Separate
Equations.RRJMHS.2013;3(1):87-92. 14. Sancho-Chust, José N.Differences in Pulmonary Function Based on Height Prediction
Obtained
by
Using
Alternative
Measures.Respiration.2010;79(6):461-68. 15. Golshan M, Crapo OR,Amra B,Jensen LR,Golshan R.Arm span as an independent predictor of pulmonary function parameters: validation and reference values.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.).2007;12(3):361-6. 16. Arshad SH. Primary prevention of asthma and allergy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2005;116(1):3-14. 17. Bernstein JA. Asthma in handbook of allergic disorders. Philadelphia: Lipincott Williams & Wilkins, USA, 2003,73-102. 18. Holgate ST, The bronchial epithelial origins of asthma in immunological mechanisms in asthma and allergic disease. Robinson DS (ed), S. Karger AG, Basel, Switzerland.2000:62-71. 19. Arif Muttaqin. Asuhan Keperawatan Klien dengan Gangguan Sistem Pernapasan. Jakarta: Salemba Medika.2008:173-174. 20. Adkinson NF, Bochner BS, Busse WW, Holgate ST, Lemanske RF, Simons FER.Middleton's Allergy Principles & Practice,
Chapter 33: "Indoor
Allergens.". Elsevier.2008:453. 21. Homer A. Boushey Jr. M.D. David B. Corry M.D. John V. Fahy M.D. Esteban G. Burchard M.D. Prescott G. Woodruff M.D. et al. Murray & Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine.Elsevier.2010:1302-20. 22. Chen E, Miller GE . Stress and inflammation in exacerbations of asthma. Brain Behav Immun.2007; 21 (8): 993–9.
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23. Adkinson NF, Bochner BS, Busse WW, Holgate ST, Lemanske RF, Simons FER.Middleton's Allergy Principles & Practice, Chapter:42 “Epidemiology of Asthma and Allergic Diseases — Risk factors for Asthma". Elsevier;2008 24. Jenkins C, Costello J, Hodge L . Systematic review of prevalence of aspirin induced
asthma
and
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implications
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clinical
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BMJ.2004;328(7437):434. 25. John M. Miller, Douglas P. Zipes.Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 8th ed.
"CHAPTER 33 - Therapy for Cardiac
Arrhythmias." Elsevier;2007 26. Maddox L, Schwartz DA. The pathophysiology of asthma. Annu.Rev. Med. 2002;53: 477–98 27. Robert J. Mason, John F. Murray, Jay A. Nadel. Murray and Nadel's Textbook of Respiratory Medicine, 4th Ed. Elsevier;2005:334. 28. Tippets B, Guilbert TW.Managing Asthma in Children: Part 1: Making the Diagnosis, Assessing Severity. Consultant for Pediatricians.2008;8(5). 29. de Boer JD, Majoor CJ, van 't Veer C, Bel EH, van der Poll T.Asthma and coagulation. Blood.2012;119(14):3236–44. 30. Finder JD, Birnkrant D, Carl J, et al. Respiratory care of the patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: ATS consensus statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med.2004;170 (4):456– 65. 31. Wang CH, Finkel RS, Bertini ES, Schroth M, Wong B,Aloysius A,et al. Consensus statement for standard of care in spinal muscular atrophy. J Child Neurol.2007;22 (8):1027–49. 32. Sharma GD. "Pulmonary function testing in neuromuscular disorders.". Pediatrics.2009;123 (4):S219–21. 33. Gafanovich M. Pulmonary Function Test in New York [Online]. 2010 June [
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from:URL:
http://www.mynycdoctor.com/pulmonary-function-testing/ 34. Miller M R, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates AA, et al. Series ATS/ERS Task Force : Standardisation of Lung Function Test.
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Eur Respir J. 2005;26:321-322. 35. Miller M R, Hakinson J, Brusasco V, Furgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A, et al. Standarisation of Spirometri. Eur Respir J. 2005;27:323. 36. D'Angelo E, Prandi E, Milic-Emili J.Dependence of maximal flow-volume curves on time course of preceding inspiration. J Appl Physiol 1993; 75: 1155-159. 37. Stoller JK, Basheda S, Laskowski D, Goormastic M, McCarthy K. Trial of standard versus modified expiration to achieve end-of-test spirometry criteria. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993; 148: 275-80. 38. Bucca CB, Carossa S, Colagrande P, Brussino L, Chiavassa G, Pera P et al. Effect of edentulism on spirometric tests. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 1018-020. 39. Eigen H, Bieler H, Grant D, Christoph K, Terrill D, Heilman DK et al. Spirometric pulmonary function in healthy preschool children. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001; 163: 619–23. 40. Miller MR, Hankinson J, Brusasco V, Burgos F, Casaburi R, Coates A et al. European Respiratory Journal. Standardization of spirometry,2005 update. Eur Respir J. 2005; 26:324. 41. Aurora P, Stocks J, Oliver C, Saunders C, Castle R, Chaziparasidis G et al. Quality control forspirometry in preschoolchildren with and without lung disease. Am J Crit Care Med 2004; 169:1152–59. 42. Hankinson JL, Bang KM. Acceptability and reproducibility criteria of the American Thoracic Society as observed in a sample of the general population. Am Rev Respir Dis 1991;143: 516–21. 43. Quanjer PH, Lebowitz MD, Gregg I, Miller MR, Pedersen OF. Peak expiratory flow: conclusions andrecommendations of the European Respiratory Society.Eur Respir J 1997; 10(24), 2s–8s. 44. Pedersen OF, Pedersen TF, Miller MR. Gas compression in lungs decreases peak expiratory flow depending on resistance of peak flow meter. J Appl Physiol 1997; 83: 1517–21.
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45. Miller MR. Peak expiratory flow meter scale changesimplications for patients and health professionals. Airways J 2004;2(2):80-2. 46. Arisman. Gizi dalam daur kehidupan : buku ajar ilmu gizi/ Arisman. Edisi II.Jakarta: EGC. 2009;215-32. 47. Cogill B. Anthropometry indicators measurement guide. Food and nutrition technical assistance. US agency for international.2001. 48. Maqbool
A,
Olsen
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status.Dalam:.Duggan C, Watkins JB, Walker WA, penyunting. Nutrition in Pediatric. Ontario, BC Decker; 2008:5-13. 49. Sjarif DR, Lestari ED, Mexitalia M, Nasar SS, Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. Buku ajar nutrisi pediatrik dan penyakit metabolik Jilid I. Jakarta : Badan Penerbit IDAI; 2011:23-35. 50. Departemen Gizi dan Kesehatan Masyarakat. Gizi dan kesehatan masyarakat. Jakarta : Raja Grafindo Persada; 2007; 275-84. 51. Beck MA, Levander OA. Host nutritional status and its effect on a viral pathogen. J. Infect.2000; 182:S93–6. 52. Blesser S. Nutritional assessment. Dalam: Samour PC, Helm KK, Lang CE, penyunting. Handbook of Pediatric Nutrition. Aspen, Maryland, 1999, hlm 17-42. 53. Review Measure Arm Span [Online]. 2009 March 27 [Cited 2015 January 22];
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https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/index.php?pageLink=browse.protocols&id= 20100 54. Shah, R.K., Nirvan, A.B., Patel, J.P., Patel, B., Kanani, S. Estimating Stature From Arm Span Measurement in Gujarat Region. GCSMC J Med Sci . 2013; 2(2):30-2. 55. Zverev, Y., Chisi, J. Estimating Height from Arm Span Measurement in Malawian Children. Coll. Antropol.. 2004; 29(2):469-473. 56. Hossain, S., Begum, J.A., Akhter, Z. Measurement of Stature from Armspan –An Anthropometric Study on Garo Tribal Bangladeshi Females. Bangladesh J. Anat.. 2011; 9(1):5-9.
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57. Chawla, M., Rajkumar, Tomar, S., Ashoka, R. The Relationship Between Arm Span and Height in Adult Males of North Indian Punjabi Population. Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Science 2013; 2(4):332-9. 58. Jamir L, Kalaivani M, Nongkynrih B, Misra P, Gupta SK. Relationship Between Arm Span and Height Among Elderly Persons in a Rural Area of Ballabgarh, Haryana. Indian Journal of Medical Specialities. 2013; 4(2):248-253. 59. Mohanty, S.P., Babu, S.S., Nair, N.S. The Use of Arm Span as a Predictor of Height: A Study of South Indian Women. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery. 2001. 9(1):19-23. 60. Sastroasmoro, S., Ismael, S. Dasar-Dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Jakarta: Sagung Seto; 2011. 61. DeMuth, G.R., Howatt, W.F., Hill, B.M.Lung volumes.Pediatric.1965; 35:162-176. 62. Bethesda.Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: NHLBI/WHO workshop report.National Institutes of Health.publication No. 2701 [Online]. 2001 [Cited 2015 June 19] Available from: URL: http://www.goldcopd.com 63. Alan, B., Gigi, S.Pulmonary Function Tests (PFTs) [Online]. 2005 March 5[Cited
2015
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URL:http://www.med.umich.edu/intmed/allergy/edu/syllabus/TOPICS/PF Ts/pft.htm 64. Shamssain MH. Forced expiratory indices in normal black southern African children aged 6-19 years. Thorax. 1991 Mar; 46(3):175-9. 65. Sachin, P., Taksande, A.B., Jivtode, M.T., Tajne, V.D., Mishra, N.V. Prediction of Pulmonary Norms in Healthy Boys 5 – 15 years. The Journal of Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Science.2011 Mar;16(1):10.
51
Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance
52
Lampiran 2. Izin penelitian kepada Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang
53
Lampiran 3. Izin penelitian dari Kepala Dinas Pendidikan Kota Semarang
54
Lampiran 4. Informed consent
55
56
57
58
Lampiran 5. Kuesioner ISAAC DATA ANAK 1. Nama : ………………………………………………………….. 2. Umur : …………tahun …………bulan 3. Jenis kelamin: Laki-laki/perempuan 4. Nama sekolah : ………………………………………………………….. 5. Alamat sekolah : ………………………………………………………….. 6. Tinggi badan : ……………..kg 7. Berat Badan : ……………..cm 8. Berat badan lahir : ……………...gram 9. Alamat rumah : (mohon diisi lengkap) Jalan : ……………………………………………… No rumah : ……………………………………………… RT/RW : ……………………………………………… Kelurahan : ……………………………………………… Kecamatan : ……………………………………………… 10. No telp : …………………………………………………………….. 11. No HP : ……………………………………………………………., DATA KELUARGA 12. Umur ibu : ……tahun umur ayah : ………tahun 13. Pekerjaan ibu: ………………. pekerjaan ayah : …………… 14. Pendidikan ibu : ……………….pendidikan ayah: …………… 15. Penghasilan : Rp ………….. 16. Jumlah bersaudara yang lebih tua : [ ][ ] 17. Jumlah saudara yang lebih muda : [ ][ ] 18. Lama tinggal di rumah sekarang : [ ] [ ] tahun 19. Yang menjawab/mengisi angket ini adalah
1. [ ] ibu kandung 2. [ ] ayah kandung 3. [ ] wali perempuan 4. [ ] wali laki-laki 5. [ ] lainnya, jelaskan:__________________________
20. Pendidikan tertinggi yang mengisi angket ini adalah: 1. 3.
[ ] tidak sekolah [ ] SMP
2. [ ] SD 4. [ ] SMA
5.
[
5. [
] Akademi
] Sarjana
59
A. PERTANYAAN UNTUK PERNAFASAN DAN NAFAS BUNYI NGIK-NGIK
1. Apakah anda pernah mengalami mengi, sesak nafas berbunyi ngik-ngik, atau mencicit/berbunyi menciut/bengek? □ Ya □ Tidak Bila jawaban anda ‘TIDAK’ atau ‘TIDAK TAHU’ lanjutkan ke pertanyaan no.6 2. Apakah anda pernah mengalami mengi, sesak nafas berbunyi ngik-ngik, atau mencicit/berbunyi menciut/bengek tersebut dalam 12 bulan terakhir? □ Ya □Tidak Bila jawaban anda ‘TIDAK’ atau‘TIDAK TAHU’ lanjutkan ke pertanyaan no. 6 3. Dalam 12 bulan terakhir berapa kali anda mendapat serangan mengi, nafas berbunyi ngik-ngik, atau mencicit/bengek? (pilih satu jawaban yang tepat) □ tidak pernah □ 1-3 kali □ lebih dari 12 kali □ 4-12 kali 4. Dalam 12 bulan terakhir rata-rata seberapa sering anda mendapat serangan mengi, nafas sesak berbunyi ngik-ngik atau menciut/bengek yang menyebabkannya terbangun atau mengganggunya tidur pada malam hari □ Tidak pernah terbangun □ Tidak sampai 1 kali dalam seminggu □ Satu kali seminggu atau lebih 5. Dalam 12 bulan terakhir ini adakah anda mendapat serangan mengi, sesak nafas berbunyi ngik-ngik atau menciut/bengek sehingga dia sulit untuk bicara, atau bicara hanya bisa satu atau dua kata sewaktu bernafas? □ Ya □ Tidak 6. Apakah anda pernah menderita asma? □ Ya
□ Tidak
7. Dalam 12 bulan terakhir, apakah timbul mengi, bunyi ngik-ngik atau bengek pada anda saat atau setelah olahraga atau aktivitas yang melelahkan ? □ Ya □Tidak 8. Dalam 12 bulan terakhir apakah anda mengalami batuk kering pada saat malam hari namun tidak sedang flu, demam atau sakit menelan □ Ya □ Tidak B. RIWAYAT KELUARGA 8. Apakah ibu atau ayah anda juga menderita sesak nafas berbunyi/isak/asma? □ Ya □ Tidak Kalau Ya, siapa ……………………
60
9. Apakah ibu atau ayah anda mempunyai masalah bersin atau hidung mampat (tersumbat) diluar sakit flu (tanpa panas) yang berulang? □ Ya □ Tidak Kalau Ya, siapa ……………………. 10. Apakah ibu atau ayah menderita kulit merah-merah, gatal, pada lipat paha, siku depan lutut, di pantat, sekeliling leher, telinga atau mata yang hilang timbul? □ Ya □ Tidak Kalau Ya, siapa ……………… C. FAKTOR LINGKUNGAN 11. Apakah anda sekamar dengan orang lain (dewasa atau anak-anak) Saat ini
Ya
Sampai usia1 tahun
□
□
Tidak □ □ 12. Binatang manakah dibawah ini yang menjadi peliharaan di rumah anda Saat ini Sampai usia1 tahun Anjing □ □ Kucing □ □ Binatang berbulu □ □ Burung □ □ Dan lainnya □ □ 13. Adakah anda kontak dengan binatang di luar runah dalam 1 minggu ini? Saat ini Sampai usia1 tahun
Anjing Kucing Hewan ternak Binatang lainnya
□ □ □ □
□ □ □ □
14. Apakah ibu atau wali perempuan anda merokok? Ya Tidak
Saat ini □ □
sampai usia 1 tahun □ □
15. Adakah ada orang lain yang merokok dirumah anda? □ Ya
selama kehamilan □ □
□ Tidak
17. Apakah ada orang di rumah anda yang merokok? □ Ya □ Tidak Jika iya berapa batang rokok sehari? (misalnya ibu merokok 4 batang, ayah 5 batang yang lainnya 3 batang total =12 batang)
61
Kurang dari 10 batang 10-20 batang Lebih dari 20
□ □ □
18. Bahan bakar apa yang digunakan untuk memasak? Sekarang Sampai berusia 1 tahun Listrik □ Gas □ Batu bara □ Kayu □ Lainnya □ 19. Apakah dirumah anda menggunakan AC Sekarang Ya □ Tidak □
□ □ □ □ □
Sampai berusia 1 tahun □ □
20. Apakah dirumah anda terdapat loteng atau dinding yang rusak? Sekarang Sampai berusia 1 tahun Ya □ □ Tidak □ □ 21. Apakah dirumah anda terdapat loteng atau dinding yang berjamur Sekarang Sampai berusia 1 tahun Ya □ □ Tidak □ □ 22. Apakah jenis lantai yang dugunakan dikamar anak anda? Sekarang □ □ □
Menggunakan karpet Tidak menggunakan karpet Lantai
Sampai anak □ □ □
berusia 1 tahun
23. Apakah jenis jendela yang ada dikamar tidur anak anda? Sekarang □ □ □ □
Jendela kaca Jendela tambahan Tertutup/kaca Tanpa jendela
Sampai anak
berusia 1 tahun □ □ □ □
24. Apakah jenis bantal yang anda gunakan? Busa Serat sintetis Bulu lainnya Tidak menggunakan bantal
Sekarang □ □ □ □ □
Sampai anak
berusia 1 tahun □ □ □ □ □
62
25. Apakah jenis tempat tidur yang anda digunakan? Kapas Sintetis Bulu Kapas Selimut Material lainnya
Sekarang □ □ □ □
Sampai berusia 1 tahun □ □ □ □
26. Apakah anda membuat perubahan di rumah anda karena anda menderita asma atau allergi? Meniadakan hewan peliharaan ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Tidak □ Berhenti atau mengurangi rokok ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Tidak □ Mengganti bantal ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Tidak □ Mengganti tempat tidur ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Tidak □ Mengganti karpet ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Tidak □ Perubahan lainnya ya □ jika ya pada umur berapa ........tahun Jika iya gambarkan Tidak □
27. Bagaimana anda menggambarkan lingkungan sekeliling rumah anda? Sekarang Sampai berusia 1 tahun Pedesaan, dengan lingkungan terbuka atau ladang disekitarnya
□
□
Pinggir kota, dengan banyak taman dan perkebunan
□
□
Pinggir kota, dengan sedikit taman Kota dengan tidak ada taman
□ □
□ □
28. Apakah nama jalan rumah anda? ................................................ 29. Berapa kode pos rumah anda ................................................
Lampiran 6. Spreadsheet data
Nama Fabina Cahyati Naellatul Munawati Maharani Eksanti Adelia Agustin Alimatur Rosyidah Evi Ramana Silvia Nabila Putri Hotimah Aulia Septia Linda Dewi Cinta Maria Clara Ramadhani Ataka Dewi Annisa Yofa Adiwani Muslim Aditya Oktavianto Muhammad Herlambang Rizal Nandar Resa Semono Erlangga Fajar Yusuf Rasiqin Safrilia Cantika
Jenis Kelamin P P P P P P P P P P P P P P L L L L L L L P
Usia 11 8 7 8 9 9 8 12 9 11 10 9 6 7 10 11 10 12 11 10 10 8
TB 142 135 136.8 121.3 133.5 124.5 125.3 150.6 137 135.8 137.1 128.4 123.2 123.4 126.3 150.8 135.4 133.5 146.6 132.6 133.9 134.2
63
BB 32.4 42.6 34.4 22.2 39.4 21.8 30.4 62.4 29.6 38 33 31.8 23.4 20.6 24.2 37.2 29.6 25.2 77.4 27.2 26.2 30.2
RT 148.6 135.9 137.2 124.1 133.5 122.5 126.9 155.7 135 134.1 137.2 128.2 121.5 115.2 124.7 152.3 136.5 135.5 154.3 134.1 132.5 132.7
FVC 1.97 2.53 1.84 1.15 1.49 1.5 1.22 2.15 1.4 1.72 1.28 1.39 1.22 2.39 1.35 2.53 2.8 1.45 2.89 1.61 1.46 1.37
FEV1 1.68 2.45 1.61 1.01 1.3 1.34 1.17 2.1 1.38 1.42 1.26 1.37 1.12 1.49 1.33 2.39 2.49 1.36 1.89 1.56 1.29 1.22
FEV1/FVC 85.279% 96.84% 87.50% 87.83% 87.25% 89.33% 95.90% 97.67% 98.57% 82.558% 98.44% 98.56% 91.80% 62.34% 98.52% 94.47% 88.93% 93.79% 65.398% 96.89% 88.36% 89.05%
PEF 4.23 3.63 2.69 1.64 2.55 2.16 2.67 4.52 4.83 2.98 2.86 2.96 2.3 2.28 3.79 3.68 3.23 2.91 3.07 4.19 3.26 2.97
64
Odi Putrawan Gading Nurfaiz Salva Chairunisa Nakula Putra Surya Pratama Bagus Putra Angelica Yohana Wahyu Aditya Rata-rata Standar Deviasi Median Minimum Maximum
L L P L L L P L
9 8 8 8 10 11 10 11 9.366667 1.516209 9.5 6 12
134.5 124.3 124.1 121.9 140.5 139.4 138.2 135 133.5033 7.924665 134.35 121.3 150.8
30.6 20.6 23.2 24 42.2 32.6 27.6 42.4 32.74667 11.96672 30.3 20.6 77.4
132 126.8 125.2 121.2 141.1 141 143.3 140.7 134.3167 9.839075 134.1 115.2 155.7
2.32 1.38 1.33 1.47 2.05 1.99 1.42 1.58 1.741667 0.492234 1.495 1.15 2.89
2.13 1.34 1.3 1.23 1.75 1.75 1.37 1.19 1.543 0.399092 1.37 1.01 2.49
91.81% 97.10% 97.74% 83.67% 85.37% 87.94% 96.48% 75.32% 89.69% 8.98% 90.57% 62.34% 98.57%
4.39 2.53 2.6 2.46 3.98 3.18 2.86 3.01 3.147 0.756475 2.975 1.64 4.83
Lampiran 7. Hasil analisis SPSS
Prevalensi dan Insidensi Asma
Prevalensi Cumulative Frequency Valid
tidak ya Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
311
89.1
89.1
89.1
38
10.9
10.9
100.0
349
100.0
100.0
Insidensi Cumulative Frequency Valid
tidak ya Total
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
317
90.8
90.8
90.8
32
9.2
9.2
100.0
349
100.0
100.0
Jenis Kelamin Sex Cumulative Frequency Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Male
13
43.3
43.3
43.3
Female
17
56.7
56.7
100.0
Total
30
100.0
100.0
Usia Statistics Age N
Percent
Valid Missing
Mean Std. Deviation
30 0 9.37 1.542
65
66
Age Cumulative Frequency Valid
Percent
Valid Percent
Percent
6
1
3.3
3.3
3.3
7
2
6.7
6.7
10.0
8
7
23.3
23.3
33.3
9
5
16.7
16.7
50.0
10
7
23.3
23.3
73.3
11
6
20.0
20.0
93.3
12
2
6.7
6.7
100.0
30
100.0
100.0
Total
Data antropometri seluruh responden Statistics Height N
Valid
Weight
ArmSpan
341
341
341
0
0
0
Mean
131.8305
31.1290
131.9933
Std. Deviation
10.52234
10.55289
11.60137
Missing
Data tes fungsi paru subjek penelitian Statistics FVC N
Valid
FEV1
FEV1perFVC
PEF
30
30
30
30
0
0
0
0
Mean
1.7417
1.5430
.8969041
3.1470
Median
1.4950
1.3700
.9056831
2.9750
Std. Deviation
.50065
.40591
.09138466
.76941
Minimum
1.15
1.01
.62343
1.64
Maximum
2.89
2.49
.98571
4.83
Missing
67
Uji Normalitas Variabel Descriptives Statistic FVC
Mean
1.7417
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
1.5547
Mean
Upper Bound
1.9286
5% Trimmed Mean
1.7111
Median
1.4950
Variance
.50065
Minimum
1.15
Maximum
2.89
Range
1.74
Interquartile Range
.70
Skewness Kurtosis Mean
.952
.427
-.252
.833
1.5430
.07411
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
1.3914
Mean
Upper Bound
1.6946
5% Trimmed Mean
1.5187
Median
1.3700
Variance
.165
Std. Deviation
.40591
Minimum
1.01
Maximum
2.49
Range
1.48
Interquartile Range
.47
Skewness Kurtosis FEV1perFVC
Mean
1.180
.427
.450
.833
.8969041
.01668448
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
.8627805
Mean
Upper Bound
.9310277
5% Trimmed Mean
.9065993
Median
.9056831
Variance Std. Deviation
.09141
.251
Std. Deviation
FEV1
Std. Error
.008 .09138466
68
Minimum
.62343
Maximum
.98571
Range
.36228
Interquartile Range
.10168
Skewness
-1.591
.427
2.747
.833
3.1470
.14047
Kurtosis PEF
Mean 95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
2.8597
Mean
Upper Bound
3.4343
5% Trimmed Mean
3.1333
Median
2.9750
Variance
.592
Std. Deviation
.76941
Minimum
1.64
Maximum
4.83
Range
3.19
Interquartile Range
1.12
Skewness
.481
.427
-.287
.833
134.3167
1.82707
Kurtosis ArmSpan
Mean 95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
130.5799
Mean
Upper Bound
138.0534
5% Trimmed Mean
134.1056
Median
134.1000
Variance
100.146
Std. Deviation
10.00728
Minimum
115.20
Maximum
155.70
Range
40.50
Interquartile Range
14.37
Skewness Kurtosis Height
Mean
.418
.427
-.077
.833
133.5033
1.47157
95% Confidence Interval for
Lower Bound
130.4936
Mean
Upper Bound
136.5130
5% Trimmed Mean
133.2130
Median
134.3500
69
Variance
64.966
Std. Deviation
8.06014
Minimum
121.30
Maximum
150.80
Range
29.50
Interquartile Range
12.28
Skewness Kurtosis
.348
.427
-.266
.833
Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
FVC
.219
30
.001
.871
30
.002
FEV1
.223
30
.001
.855
30
.001
FEV1perFVC
.166
30
.035
.827
30
.000
PEF
.142
30
.128
.960
30
.309
ArmSpan
.120
30
.200*
.966
30
.438
Height
.133
30
.185
.938
30
.082
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Hasil Transformasi Tests of Normality Kolmogorov-Smirnova Statistic
df
Shapiro-Wilk
Sig.
Statistic
df
Sig.
tran_FVC
.197
30
.004
.912
30
.017
tran_FEV1
.200
30
.004
.913
30
.018
tran_FEV1perFVC
.189
30
.008
.782
30
.000
30
.200*
.976
30
.703
tran_PEF
.097
*. This is a lower bound of the true significance. a. Lilliefors Significance Correction
Uji Spearman Correlations Age Spearman's rho
Age
FEV1perFVC
PEF
.390*
.387*
-.058
.582**
.
.006
.000
.000
.033
.034
.761
.001
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
.491**
1.000
.779**
.775**
.515**
.456*
-.176
.525**
.006
.
.000
.000
.004
.011
.352
.003
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
.711**
.779**
1.000
.949**
.529**
.580**
-.063
.607**
.000
.000
.
.000
.003
.001
.742
.000
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
.679**
.775**
.949**
1.000
.573**
.646**
-.053
.681**
.000
.000
.000
.
.001
.000
.783
.000
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Correlation Coefficient
.390*
.515**
.529**
.573**
1.000
.869**
-.424*
.467**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.033
.004
.003
.001
.
.000
.020
.009
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Correlation Coefficient
.387*
.456*
.580**
.646**
.869**
1.000
-.017
.618**
Sig. (2-tailed)
.034
.011
.001
.000
.000
.
.927
.000
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Correlation Coefficient
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
N FEV1
FEV1
.679**
N
FVC
FVC
.711**
Sig. (2-tailed)
Height
Height
.491**
N
ArmSpan
ArmSpan
1.000
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed)
Weight
Weight
N
70
71
Age FEV1perFVC
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
PEF
Correlation Coefficient Sig. (2-tailed) N
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). *. Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).
Weight
ArmSpan
Height
FVC
FEV1
FEV1perFVC
PEF
-.058
-.176
-.063
-.053
-.424*
-.017
1.000
.225
.761
.352
.742
.783
.020
.927
.
.232
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
.582**
.525**
.607**
.681**
.467**
.618**
.225
1.000
.001
.003
.000
.000
.009
.000
.232
.
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
30
Uji regresi linier FVC dari usia Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.286a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.082
.049
.48824
a. Predictors: (Constant), Age
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
(Constant)
.872
.558
Age
.093
.059
t
.286
Sig.
1.564
.129
1.579
.126
a. Dependent Variable: FVC
FVC dari jenis kelamin Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.284a
1
.081
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .048
.48853
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sex
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant)
2.184
.296
Sex
-.282
.180
a. Dependent Variable: FVC
72
Coefficients Beta
t
-.284
Sig.
7.383
.000
-1.567
.128
73
FVC dari tinggi badan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.580a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.336
.313
.41508
a. Predictors: (Constant), Height
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant)
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
-3.067
1.279
.036
.010
Height
t
.580
Sig.
-2.398
.023
3.767
.001
a. Dependent Variable: FVC
FVC dari berat badan Model Summary
Model 1
R
R Square
.563a
.317
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .293
.42101
a. Predictors: (Constant), Weight
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant)
.983
.224
Weight
.023
.006
a. Dependent Variable: FVC
Coefficients Beta
t
.563
Sig.
4.389
.000
3.607
.001
74
FVC dari rentang tangan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.509a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.259
.232
.43867
a. Predictors: (Constant), ArmSpan
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant)
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
-1.676
1.096
.025
.008
ArmSpan
t
.509
Sig.
-1.529
.137
3.126
.004
a. Dependent Variable: FVC
FEV1 dari usia Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.320a
1
.103
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .071
.39132
a. Predictors: (Constant), Age
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant)
.753
.447
Age
.084
.047
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1
Coefficients Beta
t
.320
Sig.
1.684
.103
1.790
.084
75
FEV1 dari jenis kelamin Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.307a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.094
.062
.39316
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sex
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
(Constant)
1.930
.238
Sex
-.247
.145
t
-.307
Sig.
8.110
.000
-1.706
.099
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1
FEV1 dari tinggi badan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.627a
1
.393
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .371
.32196
a. Predictors: (Constant), Height
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) Height
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1
Std. Error -2.670
.992
.032
.007
Coefficients Beta
t
.627
Sig.
-2.691
.012
4.254
.000
76
FEV1 dari berat badan Model Summary
Model 1
R
R Square
.452a
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.204
.176
.36855
a. Predictors: (Constant), Weight
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
(Constant)
Beta
1.050
.196
.015
.006
Weight
t
.452
Sig.
5.354
.000
2.679
.012
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1
FEV1 dari rentang tangan Model Summary
Model 1
R
R Square
.555a
.308
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .284
.34357
a. Predictors: (Constant), ArmSpan
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) ArmSpan
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1
Std. Error -1.482
.859
.023
.006
Coefficients Beta
t
.555
Sig.
-1.726
.095
3.533
.001
77
FEV1% dari usia Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.001a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.000
-.036
.09300214
a. Predictors: (Constant), Age
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant) Age
Coefficients Beta
.898
.106
-7.663E-5
.011
t
-.001
Sig.
8.447
.000
-.007
.995
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1perFVC
FEV1% dari jenis kelamin Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.021a
1
.000
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
-.035
.09298251
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sex
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) Sex
Std. Error .903
.056
-.004
.034
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1perFVC
Coefficients Beta
t
-.021
Sig.
16.037
.000
-.109
.914
78
FEV1% dari tinggi badan Model Summary
Model
R .036a
1
R Square
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.001
-.034
.09294116
a. Predictors: (Constant), Height
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
(Constant)
.952
.286
Height
.000
.002
t
Sig.
3.324
.002
-.192
.849
-.036
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1perFVC
FEV1% dari berat badan Model Summary
Model 1
R .307a
R Square .094
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .062
.08849892
a. Predictors: (Constant), Weight
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) Weight
Std. Error .972
.047
-.002
.001
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1perFVC
Coefficients Beta
t
-.307
Sig.
20.658
.000
-1.709
.098
79
FEV1% dari rentang tangan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.015a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.000
-.035
.09299159
a. Predictors: (Constant), ArmSpan
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
(Constant)
.915
.232
ArmSpan
.000
.002
t
Sig.
3.939
.000
-.080
.937
-.015
a. Dependent Variable: FEV1perFVC
PEFR dari usia
Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.488a
1
.238
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .211
.68332
a. Predictors: (Constant), Age
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Std. Error
(Constant)
.865
.781
Age
.244
.082
a. Dependent Variable: PEF
Coefficients Beta
t
.488
Sig.
1.108
.277
2.961
.006
80
PEFR dari jenis kelamin Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.233a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.054
.020
.76150
a. Predictors: (Constant), Sex
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B
Coefficients
Std. Error
Beta
(Constant)
3.704
.461
Sex
-.356
.281
t
-.233
Sig.
8.034
.000
-1.267
.216
a. Dependent Variable: PEF
PEFR dari tinggi badan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.630a
1
.396
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .375
.60841
a. Predictors: (Constant), Height
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) Height
a. Dependent Variable: PEF
Std. Error -4.875
1.875
.060
.014
Coefficients Beta
t
.630
Sig.
-2.601
.015
4.287
.000
81
PEFR dari berat badan Model Summary
Model
R
R Square
.344a
1
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate
.119
.087
.73511
a. Predictors: (Constant), Weight
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant)
Std. Error
Beta
2.434
.391
.022
.011
Weight a.
Coefficients t
.344
Sig.
6.225
.000
1.941
.062
Dependent Variable: PEF
PEFR dari rentang tangan Model Summary
Model 1
R
R Square
.556a
.309
Adjusted R
Std. Error of the
Square
Estimate .284
.65099
a. Predictors: (Constant), ArmSpan
Coefficientsa Standardized Unstandardized Coefficients Model 1
B (Constant) ArmSpan
a. Dependent Variable: PEF
Std. Error -2.592
1.627
.043
.012
Coefficients Beta
t
.556
Sig.
-1.593
.122
3.537
.001
82
Lampiran 8. Foto-foto dokumentasi
83
84
Lampiran 9.
Biodata Mahasiswa BIODATA MAHASISWA
Identitas Nama
: Hanif Prasetyo Kusumo
NIM
: 22010111130127
Tempat/tanggal lahir
: Jakarta, 22 September 1992
Jenis kelamin
: Pria
Alamat
: Jl. Benda I no.25, Kav.DPR, Ciganjur, Jakarta Selatan
Nomor Telepon
: 021-78882481
Nomor HP
: 081218558923
E-mail
:
[email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal 1. SD
: SDI Al-Azhar 6 Jakapermai
Lulus tahun: 2005
2. SMP
: Global Prestasi Junior High School
Lulus tahun: 2008
3. SMA
: Global Prestasi Senior High School
Lulus tahun: 2011
4. FK UNDIP
: Masuk tahun : 2011
Keanggotaan Organisasi
1. Staff of External Division Asian Medical Student Association Diponegoro University Tahun 2012 s/d 2013 2. Chief of Publication and Promotion Division Asian Medical Student Association Diponegoro University Tahun 2013 s/d 2014